Aristotle, "Poetics": pfupi ongororo

Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye vazivi makuru nevafungi muGirisi yekare, Aristotle vaiona. "Poetics" - chikuru, asi hazvisi kwayo chete chigadzirwa. Zvinokonzerwa Aristotle zvechokwadi zvikuru, uye upenyu hwake - akapfuma zviitiko.

Biography

Ruzhinji vadzidzi uye vadzidzi kunzwa zita yakakurumbira mudzidzisi Greek, akadana zvinhu zviviri: aiva mboni Socrates, uye iyewo, akadzidzisa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Chete yakanga yakakurumbira nokuda Aristotle? "Poetics" zvechokwadi chinhu kuti akachengetedza zita rake muzvizvarwa, asi hazvisi chete kunogona pamusoro wacho anofunga. Zvinozivikanwa kuti aberekwa Stagira pakati 384 uye 383 BCE Aristotle makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri vakapedza kudzidza kukuru Academy dzaPlato. Vaongorori vanoti, Ungangove, iye pachake akadzidzisa ikoko kwenguva yakati. Apedza, muzivi akava womunguva yemberi Emperor Alexander. Zvichida chinzvimbo ichi , akanga nokuda utachiona, mutsigiri mambo Macedonian Philip II. Aiva baba Alexander. Mushure anobudirira wegomo muduku gamba pachigaro choushe, Aristotle akadzokera kumba kwake, uye kubva ipapo kuAthens. Ikoko, yaakasimbisa chikoro kwake - "Lyceum". Izvi nguva muupenyu muzivi kuonekwa zvikuru unobereka. A yakawanda panhaurirano, "Metaphysics", "Ethics", "Politics" - apo zvose izvi Aristotle zvakasikwa. "Poetics" zvinofanirwa kunge zvakanyorwa pamusoro pavo panguva imwecheteyo. Kamwe mugore 323 BC Alexander afa, nzvimbo muzivi munzanga hwaipa yekudyidzana. In 322 BC Akafa.

zvisikwa

Vanhu vazhinji mupfungwa yeidzi zvakasimba agere: Aristotle - "Poetics." Zvisinei, ndiye muvambi mabasa mazhinji. Vanogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinoti: exoteric mabasa, akasikwa muchimiro nhaurirano uye pamwe Zvakafanira kuruzhinji, uye mabasa zvakanyorwa naye chete rakamanikana denderedzwa vadzidzi.

"Poetics": zvinangwa, zvinangwa, kugutsikana

"Poetics" Aristotle zvishoma Nokupfupikisa mabhuku dzidziso nguva uye anogadza dzinoverengeka aesthetic mitemo. Zviri bhuku wakayeriswa zvachose kuti mutambo. Pane chikonzero kufunga kuti pakutanga zvakanga raiva nezvikamu zviviri, asi chokutanga hakuna vakachengetedzwa. Pari vakawanda pfungwa iri kuti, pakutanga hafu zvinyorwa vakatakura uwane kuongorora Comedy. Pakutanga mabasa Aristotle anopa dudziro yake rokuti "poetics". Chero unyanzvi, anoti, kunobva mimesis, kureva tichitevedzera zvisikwa. Mhando dzose nhetembo, maererano Aristotle, Munokudzwa kubva mumwe vatatu zvinhu:

1. Havana kubudisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu.

2. Izvi achishandisa siyana.

3. Naizvozvo, nzira dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa munguva playback.

Somuenzaniso, avletika uye kifaristika kwakavakirwa kuwirirana uye mutinhimira, nepo kutukana okugadzira zvinhu kunyanya anoshandisa prose uye mita. Poetry Forms zvinogona siyana zvichienderana mhando titevedzere: ane yakakura - icho chinangwa rondedzero zvakaitika kare, mashoko acho dzinobva kuzviitira nemaonero ari narrator, mutambo chinoratidza zviitiko zviri simba. Ipapo nomuzivi anopa tsanangudzo yake mutambo uye tsaona. Chokutanga - basa satirizes foibles dzevanhu. Wechipiri - chero chimwe chinhu chaicho kare. In maonero Aristotle, nenjodzi akasimuka kubva improvisation. Hazvina yakasiyana, "yakashongedzwa kutaura", rinoumbwa zvinhu zvitanhatu: pebindu, pfungwa, yevedza zvakatipoteredza, rugwaro vatambi zvekuimba sezvamunoita. Izvi zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa zvino sa "peripeteia", "catharsis", "dambudziko", "kuzivikanwa", tanga hwakatangwa Aristotle. "Poetics", "zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe" uye mamwe mabasa ake akanga ane simba guru uzivi ano.