Paris nyika, zvinhu zvayo uye zvabuda

Nyaya akwegura, atova kupfuura rimwe nehafu emakore, asi nzvimbo mazita uye nyika, kutaurwa chiri hakudzivisiki aendesa zano raro kuti zvimwe songaniro pamwe modernity. Crimea, Turkey, Russia, France, Britain - anoisa zvinoshamisa zviitiko kukura pakati XIX remakore. hondo yose inopera norugare, kunyange refu uye ropa. Mumwe mubvunzo kuti mashoko zvinobatsira kune dzimwe nyika uye zvinonyadzisa nevamwe. Rugare Paris waiva mugumisiro of Crimean War, dzakarwiwa pamusoro Russian vadyi hondo France, Great Britain, uye Turkey.

Pre-hondo mamiriro ezvinhu

Pakati remakore, Europe rwakaona chakakomba dambudziko. National kufamba muAustria uye Prussia, aigona kutungamirira disintegration pamusoro inoti izvi, sangano kumuganhu uye kuparara Dynasties mutongo. Kuti tibatsire yeAustria Emperor Russian chevaux Nicholas I akatuma hondo, inova kudzikamisa zvinhu. Zvaiita kuti kwenguva yakareba kuchava runyararo, asi zvakachinja.

The echimurenga Bato yakabuda muna wallachia neMoldavia. Tapinda Russian uye Turkish mauto munzvimbo idzi, vanoverengeka makakatanwa pamusoro miganhu protectorates, kodzero dzenharaunda dzechitendero uye Mutsvene Places, iro pakupedzisira raireva kukonana pamusoro mabhora ose kufurirwa nemasimba, yakabatana Sea Black bheseni. Mariri, kuwedzera kune zvakananga hanya zvikuru nyika dzaiva zvaisanganisira uye dzimwe nyika, avo vasingadi kurasikirwa geopolitical zvinobatsira ayo - France, Britain uye Prussia (nokukurumidza achikanganwa kuonga zvinoshamisa ruponeso mambo wavo). The Russian nhume, dzinotungamirirwa Muchinda. Menshikov haana kuratidza zvakakodzera mwero nezvibvumirano, isa kokupedzisira uye kwete kuwana mugumisiro, akasiya Constantinople. Mukutanga June, nechisimba yakaitika zviuru makumi mana Corps Russian muna Principalities. Mumatsutso pakati fleets kuFrance uye Britain vakabata warships zvavo kuburikidza Dardanelles, akanga Turkey rubatsiro zvechiuto. November 30 dzechikwata pasi murayiro Ushakov yakatanga preemptive akarova pamusoro Turkish mauto wengarava muna Sinop, uye masimba dzokuMadokero akapindira zvakananga kurwisana, yaiva zvakashamisa Nicholas I. Kusiyana netarisiro, uto Turkish akanga akagadzirira zvakanaka. Muna 1854, ivo Crimean War.

hondo

Muperekedzei nyika hondo pamwe Russia, masimba Western sokuti bhizimisi nengozi (ari muyeuko achiri manyoro Napoleonic mishandirapamwe), uye chirongwa inokosha yaiva kuti kuti kurova panguva pangozi zvikuru gwapa - kuCrimea, kushandisa wengarava mauto. Mumaoko ari Anglo-Franco-Turkish mubatanidzwa wakapata havaratidzi dzakabudirira chokufambisa kwezvivako dzaibatanidza kweItari pamwe nechepakati mapurovhinzi kuti kudziviswa nerubatsiro mauto uye nerubatsiro vavabatsire. The nzvimbo yava Yevpatoria kumhara, ipapo paiva chakakomba kurwisana pamusoro ari Alma River. Zvakaitika kuti eRussia havasi akagadzirira zvakanaka hondo, uye chikamu maoko, uye mune mazwi kudzidziswa. Vaifanira mumusiye kuna Sevastopol, apo kukombwa anyanya gore. In ezvinhu yokushaya zvombo, zvokudya uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri murayiro Russian akakwanisa kumisa kudzivirira guta pfupi nguva kuvaka rusvingo (Pakutanga panyika yavo akapotsa kwaisava). Zvichakadai, hondo Western dzairwisa vakanga vachitambura nezvirwere uye ushingiwo kurwisa vanotsigira Sevastopol. Sezvambotaurwa akazotevera, negotiators, kusaina of Chibvumirano Paris rakaitwa ne kutora chikamu asingaoneki Admiral Nakhimov, gamba akafa panguva kwokudzivirira guta.

rugare mazwi

Pakupedzisira, Russia muna ari Crimean War, akatambudzika rechiuto kukundwa. Muna 1855, panguva kudzivirira Sevastopol, akafa Emperor Nicholas I, uye anotsiviwa Alexander II. The mambo mutsva akanga pachena kuti kurwa, pasinei kupenya budiriro iri Asian yemitambo, akakudziridza nezvemurume kuti Russia. chaizvoizvo Rufu Kornilov uye Nakhimov musoro murayiro, tinopfuurira chengetedzo rweguta anova matambudziko. Muna 1856, Sevastopol maigara nevarwi Western mubatanidzwa. Vatungamiri Britain, France, uye Turkey vakaita ubate chibvumirano inoumbwa mana zvinhu, izvo rakagamuchirwa Alexander II. chibvumirano pacharo, inozivikanwa se "Rugare Paris", akanga wakasainwa musi 30 March 1856. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti richakunda nyika, aneta ne refu pokurwa, inodhura kwazvo, uye ropa, mufudzikadzi kugamuchirwa nemisha ake Russian. Tom vakabatsira rinokunda zviito vehondo yedu Asian yemitambo, kunyanya kubudirira storming pakati nhare Kars. Terms of Chibvumirano Paris pakutanga zvakakanganisa ukama Turkey, iyo yakaendeswa nechokwadi kodzero yechiKristu nevanhu mundima, zvematongerwo enyika kweGungwa Dema mvura nharaunda, dongo kwayo nyasha mazana maviri mativi makiromita ndima uye inviolability pamiganhu yayo.

Peace Sea Black

Pakutanga nayo chete kunomurayira demilitarization kweGungwa Dema kumhenderekedzo kuitira kudzivisa kumwe kurwisana pakati penyika mbiri chaizvoizvo akabatsira kusimbisa nzvimbo Turkey kuti munharaunda, sezvo hweOttoman Empire kuchengetera kodzero neboka rengarava muMediterranean uye Gungwa Marmara. Paris nyika uyewo zvaisanganisira application (gungano) pamusoro yakaoma, kuburikidza icho zvaisaita zvakaitika yokumwe warships munguva yorugare.

Pakuguma Pakuurayiwa Paris runyararo

Chero muchiuto kukundwa achitungamirira akavarambidza yacho akakurira mikana. Paris nyika zvakachinja zvachose pakuenzanisa simba iri Europe, yakaumbwa mushure kusaina of Vienna akadhindwa (1815), uye kwete nyasha Russia. Hondo vakawanda akazivisa kutadza zhinji uye zvikanganiso musangano wehondo uye zvikepe building, zvichiita hurumende yeRussia kuitisa akatevedzana zvinhu. Pashure imwezve, nguva ino nokukunda, kuRussia-Turkish War (1877-1878) zvose zvairambidzwa uchangamire uye miganhu nezvinhu vakanga zvaizopedza. kupera saka ake chiito Parisian nyika. 1878-ndipo waiva musi kusaina of Chibvumirano Berlin, akadzorera remunharaunda kutonga pakati Russia muGungwa Dema.