Chii chinonzi "Domostroy"? "Domostroy": munyori, gore zvisikwa, pfupiso

A nemagariro Monument rakasiyana vakaramba vakararama kubva vagere Russia yekare. Vaitorwa muzana remakore rechi16, bhuku rakanga kutungamirirwa zvakanaka chete vaya kuvaka imba kwete chete. Zvakatora sezvikonzero mhuri zvisikwa uye kurima. Chii chinonzi "Domostroy" pane zvakanga madzitateguru edu uye kukosha kwayo dzakaitika? Edza kunzwisisa.

Encyclopedia mhuri Russia yekare

"Domostroy" - mitemo uye mazano nerimwe zuva. Iye anosanganisa pakunamata uye zvenyika. Ndosaka bhuku rino iri yokutanga "Encyclopedia mumhuri" - kureva kuti "Domostroy".

Mukuwedzera mazano uye mazano, hunotonga kuti tsika mitambo akaratidzwa. Weddings, mitambo uye dandadzo nezuva vaifanira inoenderana bhuku rino.

Vamwe vatorwa zvakakanganisika tenda kuti zviri "ateteguru despotism" kuziva zvose, pasina chaakasiya vagari Russia.

The kwaita "ateteguru despotism"

Muzana remakore rechi16 chakatowedzera uwandu zvinyorwa. Vaiva inokosha chaizvo. Pane yematehwe bepa rakatanga kushandiswa zvinobudirira, izvo akauya kuna Russia kubva Europe. Naizvozvo, pakusikwa "ateteguru despotism" aigona kuva mungava chinyorwa uye kudhindwa. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotaura shanduro mbiri tsaru Encyclopedia. Mumwe wavo ari werudzii akwegura kwazvo, kunyatsoteerera, asi akarurama uye akachenjera. A vanachandagwinyira stuffed yechipiri uye shamisa mirairo.

The "Domostroy" (gore pakagadzwa Hazvizivikanwi kuti chokwadi) mune yokutanga yezana remakore rechi16 zviri Velikiy Novgorod.

Precursors zvakadai necheSalvic kuunganidza nedzidziso uye mazano "Zlatoust", "izmaragd", "Golden Chain".

In "Domostroi" zvose ruzivo kare kudhindwa uye mitemo vakanga akaanyora. Kudzidza "Murayiro" Monomakh, mumwe anogona kuwana kufanana mazhinji nemitemo yetsika nomufambiro kubva eras siyana.

Ndiani muvambi?

Maonero pamusoro creators yokukosha Encyclopedia diverge. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti muvambi "ateteguru despotism" - baba zvokunamata Ivana Groznogo - muprista Sylvester. Akasika bhuku nokuda pakuvaka mambo. Vamwe vanodavira kuti Sylvester chete rewrote "Domostroy" pakati ramakore rechi16.

pfupiso

Zvinofanira kudzidza zviri mubhuku rino kumba kuvandudza, kunzwisisa chii vanosungirwa uye nei waikudzwa nechechi. Kana tikatora sepokutangira pakasikwa Sylvester, ine sumo, shoko kubva mwanakomana kuna baba vake uye anenge 70 (chaizvoizvo 67) zvitsauko. Vakanga zvakare huru muzvikamu pamusoro yomudzimu, enyika, mhuri kubika.

Inenge ose zvitsauko vane ukama hwepedyo mitemo yechiKristu uye mirayiro. Shure "chirango mwanakomana wababa vake," chinotevera anotsanangura sei vaKristu zvakarurama kutenda Mutsvene Utatu uye Amai Kwakachena vaMwari. Kuudzwa sei kunamata zvisaririra vatsvene uye masimba matsvene.

Munyori "ateteguru despotism" zvose anoudza vaverengi sei kuti uta, rubhabhatidzo, chirairo, chirairo chingwa kuti adye. Chii icho chinorambidzwa kuita muchechi.

Zvikuru mubhuku kunopiwa kunamata mambo uye mutongi ose kuti vabatane kukosha Chechi uye mutongi vanhu.

Kurairira baba mwanakomana wake

Ndinoda tinyatsoziva bhuku "Domostroy", pfupiso inorondedzerwa kumusoro zvizere.

A nzvimbo chaiyo kunodzidzisa unonyanyokosha "ateteguru despotism" - mirayiro yaBaba. Achitendeukira mwanakomana wake, akatanga akamuropafadza. Uyezve, anodzidzisa mwanakomana wake, mudzimai wake nevana kuti vararame maererano nemitemo yechiKristu, chokwadi uye hana yakachena, muchitenda uye vachichengeta mirairo yaMwari. Baba vanopa mitsetse izvi kumwanakomana wake neimba yake, uye anoti: ". Kana rugwaro urwu haagamuchiri, iwe uchava basa pachavo paZuva Rokutongwa"

It paakapiwa neumambo, uchenjeri uye kudada. nhungamiro yakadaro yaizova akakodzera chero nguva. Pashure pezvose, vabereki vanoda vana vavo zvakanaka, vanoda kuona akatendeseka, tsitsi uye vakadzikama vanhu. Nhasi pwere kazhinji anonzwa akadai sookuti kubva vanababa vavo kana vanamai vavo. A "Domostroy", gore pakusika iro dzakawira kwenguva yokuitirwa kutya Mwari, akaisa zvose panzvimbo yayo. Icho mutemo kuti anofanira kuurayiwa, uye kuti pfungwa. Akanga asina chokwadi. Akanga akagara mhuri yose iri "danho" zvavo, inorondedzera ukama pakati pavo uye, Chikurukuru, kunovabatanidza. Ndizvo "Domostroy".

Kunamata kuna baba vake naamai uye kuteerera

Vana zvakasimba hazvitenderwi kupika nevabereki vavo vavashungurudze uye mhosva. akarayira Bee kuti kuitwa mirawo, pasina kukurukura vabereki vake vakati.

Vose vana kuda baba vako namai, kuteerera kwavari, kukudza vakwegura uye titeerere navo zvose. Avo vasingateereri, vakamirira kutuka uye nezvekubudiswa. Uye vana, kupa baba namai hwokuteerera, musatya - vachagara zvakanaka, uye pasina nhamo.

The musoro uzere nouchenjeri, kuremekedza munhu. It anotiyeuchidza chamazuva ramangwana uye vekare, kuti kunamata vabereki - isimba yose muvanhu. Zvinosuwisa, hazvina ano akatsigira sezvo chokwadi uye chakaipa nazvo. Vabereki vakarasikirwa kutendeseka vana vavo.

About anogona

Mumazuva iwayo akatendeseka basa aikosheswa zvikuru kwazvo. Saka, kuti "ateteguru despotism" mitemo hanya nehana uye yepamusoro kuuraya chero basa.

Kutongwa zvinomudzora nevaya vanorara, izvozvo inoshanda zvakanaka, vanoba, regai kuita zvakanaka kubatsira vanhu. Usati watanga chero raifanira kuyambuka uye kukumbira maropafadzo kubva Ishe katatu kuti kukotamira munyika tsvene. nomusoni ose (kubika, kugadzirira inventories, handicraft) munhu anofanira kutanga pfungwa dzakachena uye kushamba maoko.

Zvose zvinoitwa nepfungwa wakachena uye zvishuvo, vachabatsirwa vanhu. iwe unogona sei nharo kuti? ..

Kurambidza kuti "ateteguru despotism"

With veMubatanidzwa hurumende itsva muna 1917. yakatarwa iyi mitemo kwave ramiswa, uye kunyange wairambidza. Chokwadi, ichi chaiva nokuti kuti kuipandukira vapikisi vechitendero nepasipo uye zvose zvine chokuita nayo. Saka, "Domostroy" asingagoni mvumo nehurumende itsva. Pakurwisa autocracy uye serfdom (rinotsigirwa neChechi) wairambidza kutaurwa chitendero uye pokutenda.

In zvose mabhuku vanyori iyoyo vakauya muverengi pfungwa kusatendera. Chokwadi, bhuku nedzidziso kunamata vapristi vechitendero, namadzibaba avo ushumiri kuna mambo pakunamata, uye zvemarudzi ose vatongi vasingagoni kubvumirwa chero zvazvingava.

kurwisa kwakadaro pamusoro chitendero kwemakumi emakore asina kukanganisa chokwadi pamusoro netsika nzanga dzemazuva ano.

dzidzo ukoshi

Pasinei nokuti anotaurwa mubhuku mashoko akadai sokuti "Zuva Rokutongwa", "dhiyabhorosi", "akaipa", zvose wemirairo zvino aizova mutungamiriri zvakanaka mabasa vapenyu nezuva. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti, kwakavakirwa yakatarwa neezvitendero mitemo hazvibviri "haina kunyorwa mutemo" kune ano vagari Russia.

Maitiro anobudiswa pachishandiswa tsika dzemunharaunda wakavata vabereki, chikoro, nzanga. Haugari kubhadhara zvakafanira nzeve ichi. Tisingatauri chokwadi kuti chero mirayiro nevamwe vose kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva. Kereke hakuchisina ainyepa nevanhu saka kukudza mirayiro yose yaMwari.

Zvino, mabasa mazhinji uye reinvented kupfeka matswa. Works vakanga varamba, mhosva, vakaona sezvo chinopenya uye unyanzvi. "Domostroy" - mumwe nemamwe zvisikwa izvi vakatakura mhuri ano, vechiduku uye vanhu vose yakawanda mazano ose zuva. Nepfungwa huru bhuku - ndiwo dzidzo yevana kubvira kare pamazuva, mirayiridzo mabasa akanaka vomwana nokuratidzwa kunaka nezviito zvake zvose. Pasinei izvi hazvina kudaro kushayikwa munzanga yedu izere nenhema, unyengeri, negodo, nokutsamwa uye utsinye?

Nhoroondo ukoshi

The chidzoke chebhuku rino, tinogona ikozvino kuwana ruzivo pamusoro upenyu uye noupenyu vanhu iyoyo. "Domostroy" zvakanyorwa kuti navanopinda vateereri, nokuti vanhu vakasiyana munzanga. This guide ari muchiuto, vanamabharani, basa uye vose vagari vane mhuri, nokusika pachoto yenyu. Pasinei bhuku inoratidza upenyu chaihwo, kana ari mutemo kuumba upenyu yakanaka, zviri zvikuru nhoroondo kukosha nokuti vanhu zvino vanogara Russia. Vanotsvakurudza vari kudzidza panguva yake yokuzorora, tsika uye pfungwa upenyu chavagari Russia muzana remakore rechi16. Kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo sezvo zvakadai pakanga pasina varaidzo zvachose, sezvo paine varaidzo Church mhosva uye hazvitenderwi. Chii chinonzi "Domostroy" nokuda dzekare? Izvi zvinokosha mashoko pamusoro private upenyu, tsika dzemhuri, mitemo yechitendero, tsika uye mitemo upenyu hwezuva nezuva mumhuri Russian iyoyo.