Chii mashandiro lysosomes muchitokisi

Munyaya ino, isu anoratidza iwe funga kuti lysosome basa muchitokisi. Uyezve, isu pfungwa dzedu chinangwa organelle ichi yayo marongerwo.

Sezvo wava pachena, lysosome - chinhu chinokosha foni ose. Uye zvose kuti tinoona, chii isu kubata, uye isu pachedu - ndiye constructor, rine zvinhu zvizhinji duku. Sero kuvakwa chinhu chinogumbura zvepakutanga zvose zvipenyu panyika Earth. It ane vanoverengeka unhu inobvumira kuti kumira yayo:

• pachako muviri;
• kugona zvichiberekana;
• kuwanda (kuzviremekedza kuvandudzwa);
• budiriro.

Uye ikozvino isu tiende chikumbiro chinokunakidza isu organelles, funga nechivako kwayo uye anoratidza lysosome basa muchitokisi.

lysosome

Zvino zvakawanda isu ongorora zvakadzama organelle ichi uye kukupa pamwe kupatsanura. Tisati zvinyore uye funga mashandiro lysosomes muchitokisi, zvinokosha kutaura nezvenhoroondo pfupi iri kuwanikwa. Izvi zviduku pellets kokutanga masayendisiti akawana of Duve mu chiropa mumasero. chiitiko ichi chakaitika muna 50-ies ose XX remakore.

Lysosome - mumwe mhango akazara siyana hydrolytic makemikari (vanogona kuverengwa vanopfuura 80 marudzi). Zvinonzi takapoteredzwa Kamudzira, uye zvakakosha kuti kujekesa kuti kuroorwa. Nyorai organelles date hakusi kufanana, kazhinji kumativi chimiro, mumwe dhayamita isingadariki 0,8 micron.

Lysosomal Kamudzira ane yunifomu ukobvu, permeability, zviri kuchinja pasi pokudzora zvimwe zvirwere. Saka, labilizatorami (kureva, inowedzera permeability) ndiwo:

• thyroxine;
• progesterone;
• vhitamini A;
• ultraviolet mwaranzi;
• Maekisirei;
• okisijeni uye nevamwe.

Ita vanetsane:

• prednisolone;
• cortisone uye m. p.

In masero siyana hakusi chete nhamba lysosomes, vakawanda vavo chikawira pamusoro masero ane mashandiro phagocytosis. Mienzaniso rinogona macrophages kana ropa mumasero machena. Also kwaisanganisira avo kuti vanokwanisa Absorção de Água, secretion uye excretion. Ivo:

• masero epithelial;
• ura;
• itsvo;
• prostate uye t. d.

Zvino muchidimbu pamusoro kupatsanura pakati lysosome. Kugoverana marudzi avo vaviri: nesekondari. Primary okuchengetera vanonzi. Pakati yechipiri vangazivikanwa:

• phagolysosome;
• tsitolizosomy;
• masero residual.

mabasa

Zvino isu kupa zvishoma vakasarudzwa mashandiro anoita lysosomes muchitokisi. Saka, pano ndedzinotevera:

• cellular kugaya;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• pokufa kwokunze hurongwa.

Zvino tichati kutsanangura zvinoreva mazwi aya. About cellular autophagy kugaya uye unogona kuverenga zvakawanda zvizere gare gare. Now - chii chinosara rinoitwa kana lysosome sero rufu.

Izvi zvinonzi autolysis. Lysosome Kamudzira unogona kutyorwa, zvichiguma nokubudiswa makemikari varipo mariri. Kazhinji, vanotadza kuzadzikisa basa zvikuru somunhu haulla kusashanda muchitokisi cytoplasm.

Zvaipesana sero rimwe chete - hazvina basa, asi chii chaizoitika kana ose lysosomes kuvhuna mamiriro ayo? Kwozouya rufu muchitokisi. Muenzaniso unoshamisa rufu autolysis muswe datya tadpole.

kugaya

We ambotaurwa kuti lysosomes muchitokisi vanoita zvomudumbu ushande. Tinokukumbira kuti uone muudzame izvi. Sezvambotaurwa, kune lysosomes vari mapoka mapoka maviri, iri nyaya yechipiri zvavanotyira uye zvomudumbu vacuole. Ndiwo mashandiro kugaya muchitokisi. It chakaumbwa akakonzera kubatana kwe chikuru lysosomes uye phagosomes.

Zvomudumbu vacuole ane guru saizi, richisvika kusvika 1,2 microns. Rine yakakura kwazvo inclusions. Pano ndipo zvinhu kubudiswa, abatwa Sedendere. uye kazhinji vanenge kuitira kuti ozeyewa kubudikidza hydrolysis kupinda pasi samolecular uremu inoramba. Rekupedzisira anogona nyore ichipfuura Kamudzira pamusoro lysosomes. Next, vanofanira kuumba itsva masero organelles.

autophagy

Uye chii basa rinoitwa muchitokisi lysosomes? Isu kare kuti pakati pavo pane mabasa akadai autophagy. Izvi kunoratidzwa nepfari zvinoumba muchitokisi kuparadza uye lysosomes. Total kusiyanisa 3 mhando autophagy:

• micro;
• makro;
• shaperonovuyu.

In yokutanga nyaya lysosome rinoburitsa masarasara uye digesting vave simba kana chivakwa zvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kuitika munguva nokutsanya. Panguva macroautophagy kunoitika mukomboni autophagosomes uye lysosomes inotungamira kuti paumbwe autofagolizosomy. Okupedzisira vakasara ozeyewa futofagosom. Wechitatu mhando inogona kuchengetwa chete mhuka munguva dzenhamo. With kwakadai autophagy kunoitika Vanosarudzwa chokufambisa kwemapurotini mu lysosomes.