Introduction kuti zvidzidzo zvemhuka: ine utsinye mhuka - ndiani ichi?

World mhuka ndiyo siyana uye inoshamisa. Vakasiyana mumwe akawanda utachiona maitiro. Ndinoda kugara nyaya mhuka kuti ambient tembiricha uye kuziva: mhuka ine utsinye - zvanzi?

General pfungwa

In zvipenyu, pane pfungwa ine utsinye (poikilothermic) uye kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo (homeothermic) zvinenge. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ine utsinye mhuka - avo vasiri kugara uye kunobva ambient tembiricha muviri. Warm-ropa rechiJudha chairo hauna vajairira ichi uye akasiyana nguva dzose kuti tembiricha yomuviri. Saka chii mhuka dzinonzi ine utsinye?

A dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka ine utsinye

In zvidzidzo zvemhuka mhuka ine utsinye - izvi mienzaniso akaderera kwakarongwa makirasi mhuka umambo. Izvi zvinosanganisira vose invertebrates uye vertebrates: hove, amphibians, nezvinokambaira. The anosiyiwa ndiwo nemakarwe, zvinova zvakare nezvinokambaira. Panguva ino iyi mhando vanoitawo rumwe rudzi mhuka - munhu akashama nhuta. Kudzidza shanduka, masayendisiti akawanda kusvikira ichangopfuura anonzi kune ine utsinye, uye dinosaurs. Zvisinei, panguva ino nguva pane kudavira kuti vaiva noushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhando inertial thermoregulation. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Hofori yekare anokwanisa kuunganidza uye mubatirire nokuda mukanyiwa chikuru kupisa kwezuva, izvo akavabvumira kuchengetedza tembiricha kugara.

Features zvoupenyu

Ine utsinye mhuka - avo vari nokuda havaratidzi dzakabudirira tsinga vane hurongwa mutemo zvinhu zvinokosha pezvakaitwa mumuviri kukwana. Somugumisiro, muviri mhuka ine utsinye kuri kuderera. Zvechokwadi, zviri nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva zvikuru kupfuura mhuka kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo (20-30 nguva). Kana tembiricha muviri kupfuura 1-2 madhigirii ambient tembiricha kana zviri nahwo. kutsamira pane zvaasingakwanisi nguva uye chokuita kukwanisa kuunganidza kupisa kubva zuva kana zvinhu uye zvakafadza somugumisiro tsandanyama basa kana kunze akaramba anenge kugara parameters. Panguva iyoyo nyaya, apo tembiricha kwokunze inowira pasi optimum, zvose metabolic pezvakaitwa pachando kufambira. Animal kuita zviri hwakaipa, rangarira hope enhunzi, kungozvifunga uye nyuchi dziri kuwa. Kana pane ichidonhedzera tembiricha kuti madhigirii maviri kana kupfuura vari hunhu zvipenyu izvi vanowira torpor (kuhwanda), vari kushushikana mupfungwa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kufa.

seasonality

In zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa, pane pfungwa yekupindurwa nguva yegore. Izvi zvinonzi kunyanya kutaurwa kuchamhembe uye vakadzikama latitudes. Absolutely zvinenge zvose sei kuchinja izvi. Ine utsinye mhuka - mienzaniso adaptations zvipenyu kuti tembiricha kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kwadzakabva zvakatipoteredza

Yepamusoro Basa ine utsinye uye zvinhu maitiro upenyu (kuberekesana, kubereka, maberekero) vari inodziya mwaka - uye chirimo. Panguva ino, tinogona kuona kwose kwose yakawanda tumbuyu uye kuchengeta hwavo upenyu zvinogara. The pedo-mvura uye mvura dzega dzikwanise kusangana vakawanda amphibians (matatya) uye hove pazvidanho zvakasiyana-siyana okukura.

Mumasango uye Mafuro chaizvo nevakawanda zvinokambaira (dzvinyu, nyoka, nyoka) kubva pamazera akasiyana.

With veMubatanidzwa Mumatsutso kana chirimo kunonoka mhuka dzinotanga nyanyisa gadziriro muchando, ndiro vazhinji vavo vari kunze vachingotya akarembedzwa kuchangamuka. Kuti varege kufira kuchitonhora iyoyo, regadziriro pezvakaitwa nokuda mumatanda muviri mumiviri yavo kuitika pachine muchirimo. Panguva iyi, cellular akafanana nechakatsinhiwa, zvinova mvura shoma uye zvakawanda ichiputswa zvinoriumba kuti kuchaita muitiro zvokudya yechando yose. With kudzikira tembiricha, padanho muviri uyewo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA, simba rakawanda ipfupi, iyo rinobvumira ine utsinye kupedzera mwaka wechando rose kuhwanda, pasina kunetseka kugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Uyewo danho rinokosha uchigadzirira rwakashata tembiricha ezvinhu kuvakwa namahwindo "nzvimbo" nokuti chando (makomba, makomba, dzimba uye zvichingodaro. D.). Zvose izvi mananara upenyu cyclical zvakasikwa uye inodzokororwa gore negore.

pezvakaitwa ndivo isiyo (vachiberekwa) hunenge vari nhaka kubva kumarudzi namarudzi. Animals kuti vanosangana vamwe kuno- ari majini anokonzera nokupfuuridzirwa ruzivo urwu, vanofa mukati gore upenyu rokutanga, uye vana vavo vanogona nhaka kutyorwa idzi uye kuva nezhiznesposbnym.

The zvakasimbisa kuti kuhwanda mukai-kubva pakuva kuwedzera mhepo tembiricha kuti inodiwa padanho, izvo maitire nokuda kirasi imwe neimwe, uye dzimwe nguva kuumba.

Maererano shanduka pfungwa, mhuka ine utsinye - muduku venyama, avo nokuda simba kukura thermoregulatory zvigadziriswe pakati tsinga ndiyewo kwete vakakwana.