Meritocracy - zviri ... chii meritocracy. Nheyo meritocracy

Mhinduro mubvunzo "chii meritocracy?". Satirical rondedzero vanoda "The Rise of Meritocracy: 1870-2033", yakabudiswa muna 1958, akaratidza kuberekwa mune zvematongerwo enyika pfungwa itsva pfungwa. Meritocracy - nayo "ushe vakakodzera." Bhuku iri rakabudiswa Maykl Yang, munhu British enyika uye nyanzvi, muchimiro yokuverenga, inonzi rakanyorwa muna 2033, inotiudza kwokushanduka pakupera kwezana 20-21 emakore vanhu British.

Pfupiso rinonzi "The Rise of Meritocracy: 1870-2033" M. Young

Panzvimbo chaiwo weboka kupinda makirasi izvo kusarudza nzvimbo mumagakava akanyatsorongwa ane kuvapo kwevanhu mariri zvimwe zvinhu (pakukurukurirana, upfumi, mavambo, uye zvichingodaro. D.), Zviri gadziriro itsva umo chete pfungwa uye anokwanisa kuona nzvimbo munhu mairi. Britain akarega kubata boka mutongo akaumba kwete nokuda kugona.

Somugumisiro ari kuchinja wakatangwa meritocracy - Hurumende gadziriro kufanira vanhu. Human chiremera Saka (munorumbidzirweiko) akanga sokuva mubatanidzwa zvinhu zviviri - the mubhizimisi simba (kuedza) uye noungwaru (IQ).

Development nzanga kuma1990, maererano Young

By kuma1990, boka mutongo meritocracy raiva vose mukuru vanhu, izvo vakapfuura IQ 125. Kana yakapfuura kukwanisa matarenda vanhu vanogona kusangana pamwero yakasiyana-siyana vakuru vakuru kwenzanga uye kazhinji vave vatungamiriri mukati evanhu boka ravo kana kirasi, asi zvino kudzora mamiriro raiva chete vakadzidza vepamusoro. Avo, nokuti chero zvikonzero, vaiva nechepasi, haana chikonzero kukundikana kutamira kukwira magariro manera, sepakutanga, apo vakavhiyiwa nheyo siyana uye nzira management. Ndivo, maererano itsva maumbirwo vanhu chakakodzera yakaderera kwayo sendarama anokwanisa vanhu vanokodzera kuva pamusoro evanhu vakuru. Ndizvo meritocracy.

Chimurenga muna 2033

Vamiririri rezasi munzanga strata muna 2033 vakapandukira achitsigirwa mutongo vepamusoro, vanoda Vasingasarurani munzanga uye wakaenzana. Vaida kuti ubvise musimboti meritocracy. Quality upenyu uye kodzero dzevanhu havafaniri kutsunga nokuyera padanho dzidzo yavo uye ungwaru, kwakauraya vapanduki. Munhu kukwanisa kubata hwavo tisingatungamirirwi. A meritocracy - zviri simba, Kuderedza mukana. Somugumisiro, kupanduka kwake yakaguma muna UK.

Chinangwa chebhuku Michael Young

Achiratidza asi richiita mufananidzo meritocracy, mugumisiro waiva mutsva chimiro yokutongwa zvimwe pamusoro vamwe, uye magariro kusaruramisira, Maykl Yang wakakugadzirirai chinangwa kunyevera pamusoro nezvengozi vakaomerwa kunangwa vanhu British. Akakwanisa kuratidza kuti zviri Pavaitsvaka mberi, akaita chinhu chikuru kukosha pfungwa anorasikirwa iyi humanistic musimboti, vanhu.

Positive kumavara meritocracy

Zvisinei, vakawanda hakuna kumbonzwika achinyevera Young. Zviri "meritocracy" pfungwa (mutemo nokuda akadzidza zvakanaka, vanhu vaikwanisa mukuru ungwaru) rave zvabatwa. Zvisinei, saka izwi akagamuchira zvakanaka ruvara. Nyika dzakawanda vakatsvaka meritocracy, kubva Singapore kusvika UK. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita akaita sechinhu dzematongerwe masking sezvakarayirwa zvinhu, raivapo uye simbisa somugumisiro chiNazi worupo mitemo.

"Kurumbidzwa Board"

Kuziva zano Society yakadaro umo vakadzidza akatakurwa puranga, Maykl Yang akatanga idzva rokuti - "puranga akakodzera". kukudzwa nzira dzekuziva kunorondedzerwa chikuru tsika dziri muvanhu. Zvechokwadi, sezvataurwa ne Amartya Sen, ndiko hama, kwete nemhedziso pfungwa. Calling meritocracy kuuya nesimba vakadzidza zvikuru uye vanokwanisa vanhu, Maykl Yang iri izwi airatidza tsika akapararira munyika muvanhu. It anoita zvakananga pamusoro wavo kwaizoita, kuswedera basa rake "akafanira rokutonga" ari kunaka nzira. Kutaura zvazviri, meritocracy - mufananidzo zano vanhu postindustrial, anoti Daniel Bell, wake mutsigiri. Knowledge uye akachenjera, tava Zvisinei, panozogadzirika ukoshi, asati veMubatanidzwa pakati vanhu mashoko.

The Nhaka yacho Age of Kujekerwa

Free kubva kutsika uye rusaruro mupfungwa, hakungoitwi nechimwe chinhu kutsvaka ruzivo, kutsvaka mberi uye rationalism - mumwe mukuru, kana zvichida chinonyanya kukosha nhaka kuti vakatipa Age of Kujekerwa. Vazivi munguva ino, nokuputsa pamwe tsika dzechinyakare, akanyatsojekesa mutsva kuumbwa kuzvitonga uye kunzwisisa nyika nevanhu. Zviri achitevera tisanzwa kukura uchishandisa zivo itsva inogona kuwanikwa imwe nheyo kukurumbira ane meritocracy dzidziso.

Kukurukurirana pamwe Dzidziso meritocracy, kushanda zvakanaka uye kwezvinhu

Development munzira mberi uye nokutonga chikonzero havatsananguri kwomunhu chiremera mukati yechinangwa zvinokosheswa chikuru muvanhu - kukwanisa kubatsira zvinonyatsorehwa mberi kukonzera. Last aizova mukuru chete kana zvose zvichaita vanhu vakawanda vanokwanisa, kupfuura yakakodzera kwaari. Pfungwa meritocracy hunonyatsobatana pfungwa pamusoro Kushanda yauinayo. Kunyanya, chido inonzi soro kunyatsoshanda, negoho mumwe munhu anotora vatariri rationalism Kujekerwa midzi yawo, inoita kuti Wekumusoro-soro nokukurumidza mberi munzira mberi.

Tinogona kufunga kuti tsanangudzo iyi ndiyo kwakatangira meritocracy somunhu akanaka vanhu namano. vaya vanogona kuzadzisa mukuru kubudirira, kushanda zvakanaka, vakawanda kukura, uye anofanira kuva ari pamusoro evanhu vakuru chete. Manage chete vanoda zvikuru anokwanisa, achangogara vanogona kudhonza mumwe yakananga mberi. Izvi zviri munzanga yanhasi nekodzero meritocracy.

Mufungo Plato uye Confucius

Organizational chehurumende umo simba ndezvevanhu vakadzidza, vakarondedzerwa refu Maykl Yang asati rokuti "meritocracy". Somuenzaniso, Plato akati kuti hurumende yaitonga anofanira vatakanzi nevazivi. Mudzidziso dzake, Confucius akaparidzirawo kudiwa simba vakanga vakadzidza vatongi. Vose chant kutsvaka zivo uye kunzwisisa, aiva chinokosha nezvainoita nevafungi Kujekerwa, waitsvaka kurudziro kubva vazivi vekare.

Zvisinei, kuunganidza ruzivo uye chikonzero havana Confucius uye Plato sezvo vakazvimirira, kuzvikoshesa chaiyo. Vakanga achisonganira pfungwa zvinowanzoitwa uye zvakanaka kunaka. Somuenzaniso, mumwe dzinokosha dzidziso Confucius - "yokuita zvakanaka zvoga zvoga", izvo anomirira tsitsi, mutsa, vanhu.

Confucius, sezvo mutsigiri dzidzo nokudenga, akanzwisisa sezvo kubatana pezvakaitwa maviri: kudzidzisa uye dzidzo. Wechipiri panguva iyoyo akapiwa basa guru. Kuumba anofunga vaiona kukura zvokunamata, ikasara pedyo yakanaka "Junjie" (anokudzwa murume, ndianiko mutakuri tsika hunhu).

Sei meritocracy - urongwa uhwu isingaruramisiri?

Maykl Yang mubasa rake anotaura chaizvo kuti tsanangudzo zvedzidzo mano uye ungwaru sezvo chikuru tsika, inova chikamu meritocratic makwikwi nzanga dzemazuva ano supersedes vamwe vose, kunyanya vanhu, kuenzana, kubatana, tsitsi.

Daniel Bell, mumwe theorist pakati post-maindasitiri munzanga, uyewo vamwe vatsigiri "ushe akakodzera" kwokuti munhu anowana chinzvimbo, yaakanga akawana ari meritocratic muvanhu. Kusiyana egalitarianism, izvo anomirira wakaenzana zvabuda pakupera nhangemutange, meritocracy vatsigiri mukana wakaenzana pakutanga. Naizvozvo, iye ndiye zvakarongeka chevanhu. Maykl Yang zvakare anotenda kuti kwakadaro nzira unoratidzwa kuitwa tsika. Anoti kuti mumwe munhu anofanira kuremekedzwa zvakanaka zviri mairi. Panguva iyoyo rirege kungoitirwa nemano ake uye ungwaru.

Muna rondedzero, Michael Young Manifesto vanhu dzakapandukira meritocracy, anoti vanhu vanofanira dzinoongororwa kwete chete maererano dzidzo nekugona, asiwo vamwe unhu: ushingi uye mutsa, kuva nehanya uye fungidziro, rupo uye kukwanisa mutsoka. In yakadaro vanhu haagoni kunzi wesuwo, inova baba kwazvo ane zvishoma zvinobatsira kupfuura musayendisiti; uye mushandi wehurumende ari nani pane kukura zvakanaka Roses Trucker.

Meritocracy - ndiro simba, inobva nokumunyima ruchikosha zvose izvi unhu. Uyezve, anoita somunhu dzematongerwe umo munhu yokubatana hapana nzvimbo. Zvinonzi inobva makwikwi: wokuwana yakakwirira munzanga uye kunaka kwoupenyu munhu anofanira kuramba kuva nounyanzvi uye shasha vamwe mavari. Naizvozvo, meritocracy midzi - kwete munhu seboka uye kutanga munhu. Nenzira iyi panoonekwa pedyo capitalism dzematongerwe pamwe makwikwi wayo, nezvaidiwa dzamarudzi kukura kuchengeta kutungamirira chinzvimbo.

Mumweya capitalism, meritocracy riri kuchipesana pfungwa yokubatana. Kai Nielsen, mumwe muzivi wokuCanada, akati kuti panguva chaipo ari zvoutsinye vanhu. Utsinye kana vanhu vari kuramba kukwikwidzana mumwe mune zvinenge munzvimbo dzose, nokudaro vari dzose dzinoongororwa, kufambira, reytingirovaniyu mukati chido nokuda hunobudirira muvanhu, uye zvikuru kunyatsoshanda. Saka, meritocracy - hurongwa kuti anoparadza nheyo yokubatana uye ukama, kukanganisa pfungwa kuva munhu munharaunda chete.

Zvisinei, kuitwa tsika - chete matambudziko nzanga dzemazuva ano uye meritocracy, kunyange asina kushandisa dzidziso iyi zvizere, asi achiri Vachizvipupurira naye. Young, kumutsoropodza ichi utariri hurongwa zvakare anoita somunhu achitsoropodza mumagariro kusaruramisira nokuda hierarchical marongerwo. Anoti, wölf Kant kuti uchapupu womunhu ari chinangwa pachayo, kuti chinokosha zvikonzero kuvapo yokuzvikwidziridza vanhu mumwe pamusoro mumwe haako. A meritocracy - simba inobva ukuru.