Panama Canal (gore hwomukova - 1914 ndipo): rakagadzirwa nevanhu gang unobva Pacific uye Atlantic makungwa

Of jogirafi Chokwadi tinoziva kuti ari Panama Canal ndeimwe chikuru mvura chokufambisa yenzira interconnecting yePacific uye kuAtlantic mumakungwa. Iye akayambuka nekamukwavarara mumwechete zita racho chaizvo rakadzika chikamu. Somugumisiro titanic basa yave zvikuru wakaatapudza gungwa nzira pakati zhinji zvengarava Somuenzaniso, kubva San Francisco kuna New York vachibva 24 300? Km kusvika 10 700? Km. Panama Canal (gore yokutanga 1914 D) ane kureba 81 km uye nguva ndima yacho maawa anenge masere.

gwara ichi, pamwe Kiel uye neSuez, ine dzakawanda chinzvimbo uye rinogona chete kushandiswa zvichinyatso enderana mutemo dzakawanda uye kazhinji akaziva pfungwa uye National mitemo munyika ndeye. Akanga atova nemakore 95 okuberekwa. Uye akanambwa Panama Canal (kuvhura gore ra1914, kunyange zvazvo pokutanga) pakutanga navatanhatu remakore.

Munguva kubva 1534 kusvika 1823 pfungwa kurivaka dzatora pfungwa nehurumende Spanish. It rave kuitwa pokutsvakurudza munharaunda, ndokuvaka mugero akatakura / kuvakwa urongwa, zvinokosha zvose Kuchinja mhiri nekamukwavarara. Muna 1814 vanhu vokuSpain kunyange kure runoenzanirana chirevo. Asi muna 1823, vakarasikirwa zvose nyuchi zvayo muSouth neCentral America, uye vakasiya urongwa hwavo. Akatevera makore 50, researches uye zvirongwa vaiita vokuBritain, vokuAmerica, French uye Dutch. Pakupedzisira chete kurudyi kuvakwa uye kungobvumirawo kwemakore 99, akagamuchira kambani French. Zvino 1876, uye makore matatu gare gare boka chinobviswa pamusoro achishandisa Wenyika Ferdinand of Lesseps, injiniya ari muvaki of neSuez Canal, akazarura nokuti Maritime ikakuruma yapfuura - November 17, 1869.

Lesseps kambani vakazoroorwa akaenda kusauka, akagadzwa receivership, uye muna 1904 boka akatengeswa kuti hurumende US kuti mubatanidzwa $ mamiriyoni 40. America abvumirana Panama Canal pamusoro husingaperi risi nzvimbo, uye kuvakwa chinhu Panama Canal. Kuvhura gore, 1914 vakasuwa kwakaratidzwa kuguma kwemakore 11 nesimba uye kunetesa basa uye akaratidza sei zvikuru kunzanga hurumende ezvidzidzo pfungwa. Verengai ainzi yakawanda - mamiriyoni 220 emadhora.

Zvinoguma-nokukurumidza matanhatu resuwo ndima kuburikidza muIsthmus Panama kubva Atlantic chengarava Cristobal kuna Balboa chengarava riri Pacific pamhenderekedzo, nenzira kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwakadziva kumabvazuva. kureba chiteshi, sezvambotaurwa, 80 km iyo 42 - chakagadzirwa gwara chete nekiyi. Kureba zvechizarira makamuri riri 305 metres, upamhi - 33 nehafu. miganhu izvi kuti tikwanise zvakaitika 85% of zviri kushanda nezvikepe zvavatengesi pose.

Ngarava rokutanga vakayambuka Isthmus musi 15 Nyamavhuvhu 1914, asi pamutemo pakuvhurwa Panama Canal kwakaitika musi June 12, 1920, pashure raakanga apiwa basa renguva kuvatungamirira.

Zvino dare havana kubva kuva kuenda kumativi Cape Horn uye Strait of Magellan, saka chinokosha mabhuku Lanes akachinjwa. Gore Panovhurwa Panama Canal aiva mavambo enguva itsva iri wekushandisa mudunhu. Pane 2-3 nguva kuderedza daro pakati kumabvazuva nokumavirira kumiganhu Canada neUnited States, pakati East ari Kure uye United States, pakati kunyika Latin America pacharo.

Kare 20s remakore rapfuura, Panama aiva kuedza kushandura gwara pasi yayo utongi. Izvi kwakaitika mumatanho, kwemakore akawanda, uye yakapedzwa chete December 31, 1999, apo Panama Canal (gore yokutanga 1914, yokutanga iyo, t. E. Kwemakore 85) kuzonzi yakazara uye inobudirira kuzvitonga.