Aripiko mausoleum Kotovskogo?

Mumwe Russian mugari, uye kunyanya vanhu vakura shoko "mausoleum" rine chokuita girenayiti chivakwa pamusoro Red Square, iyo rinochengeta munhu Amai pamusoro Lenin. Asi haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti kuchine mausoleums maviri. Chokwadi ndechokuti zviri winery, uye ndiyo nzvimbo aizovigwa vakakurumbira Russian chiremba N. I. Pirogova, asi kuzivikanwa, asi kuti pane mausoleum Kotovskogo - bhanditi uyo rakaitirwa Bay yose kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Russia, uye asi akava nomukurumbira sezvo gamba of Civil hondo, vashoma vanoziva.

Robin Gud kubva Bessarabia

Kotovskogo mausoleum yakavakwa pakarepo pashure kupondwa yake August 1925. The mhosva yakakumikidzwa, aimbova muridzi zvikuru zvinodhura yepfambi vari Odessa, Zayder Meer. Ezvinhu nyaya uye haizopereri maitiro zviremera chamuita mibvunzo yakawanda, mhinduro dziri kashoma kuwanikwa. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Kotovskiy Grigoriy Ivanovich, ane mausoleum mumwe vatatu, yakavakwa muna USSR, akaberekwa muna 1881 mumhuri mukirasi pakati, vaigara mumusha Gancheshty Bessarabia. Kubva achiri muduku magamba vave magamba mabhuku pamusoro anokudzwa makororo, mukuru pakati chakanga Robin Gud. Zvakaoma kutaura iye chii pfungwa kwamachinda, akadzidza kuverenga, asi segororo, mumwe ushingiwo uye asingatyi, Gregory akanga nokukurumidza nomukurumbira Bessarabia.

Kotovsky ari maviri yangu, paakatanga akapomerwa nokuchengetedza magwaro nokuba mari. Ndichitsvagwa nemapurisa, iye achitsauka, kupona pamusoro paumbavha duku, kusvikira, pakupedzisira, hauna kuziva SRs-magandanga, kuti muzadze dzebato mari expropriation pfuma kubva veko mupfumi, mune mamwe mazwi, ari mubasa dzakajeka zvaibiwa kwakaenderera. Kwakadaro mabasa avo vose anoenderana nepfungwa yake upenyu hwakakwana.

bhendi yavo itsva-kuwanikwa

Nokukurumidza, shure ekupedzisira Robin Guda muri dzakawanda dzichapambwa uye vakapisa Estates, uye iye akanzi aida setsotsi kunyanya ngozi, musoro wake akazivisa mubayiro. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Kotovskij vakagovana nzira zvake pakuuraya-kuipandukira uye akaunganidza chikwata nerokuchema thugs, zvaibiwa kwakaenderera mberi zvino pasina enyika chero necheseri.

Hazvizivikanwi kana chinhu anobuda nechikwata mugodhi anotambudzika uye vanotambudzika, zvose mabhuku pamusoro Robin Gude, asi Jinda uye kubvira ake anofungidzirwa ipapo kuva regulars akanakisisa Odessa nemaresitarendi uye dzepfambi.

vakapfigirwa

Zvisinei chenhubu mufaro shanduka, uye pashure penguva yakati Kotovsky ari pre-kutongwa kuvharirwa. Pane mishumo kuti akasungwa ari muromo wake aimbova shamwari-SRs. Pasinei nokuti dare iri kuedza kuridza kubva Kotovsky pachake murwi nokuda gutsaruzhinji, yakanga yakakurumbira kwazvo makore iwayo, akatongerwa makore makumi maviri 'zvakaoma. Gregory Asati kutumira pachikuva anoita ushingiwo kupunyuka kubva mujeri uye Kishinev ndiye zvakare takawanda, asi nguva pfupi - mazuva mashomanana gare gare akasungwa akatuma namaketani kuchamhembe Russia.

Anotevera gumi makore hwake kumhanya raider anotakura pamusoro pakuvaka Amur njanji uye zvimbambaira promorzlyh Nerchinsk wangu. Pano ari kuwana kutendeseka muna dzakapoteredza Sheori uye chikamu chayo vepamusoro - mbavha mutemo. Izvi kunooneka maitiro kuzvitema yakadhindwa pamusoro namafungiro uye mberi kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu. Kunze komutemo kushandisirwa nemagandanga mitemo nechirango chorufu.

Mambo paSheori

Muna 1913, Kotovsky, achiuraya pevarindi vaviri, unopukunyuka zvangu. nguva ino kubata anotiza zvisingaiti, uye nokukurumidza anoonekazve muna Odessa, kwaakabereka mumwe wemadzimambo paSheori. chikwata chake anobira akapfuma Odessa uye anoita nhasi anonzi chinonyengera - a mutero kumanikidza Entrepreneurs vemo.

Asi nguva ino, Gregory vakachinja mazano. Anouya pfungwa dzangu iri nyore uye wakanaka pfungwa - pane kuva dambudziko kubva mapurisa, zviri nani kuudza chakapambwa pamwe vachengeti akarongeka uye chinyararire kuita basa ravo. Kubva zvino, pamutemo akanga achida, akanga achigara pachena nenzira yakanakisisa Odessa mumahotera uye maresitorendi kuzoshanyira zvakasununguka.

Ichi chinhu mabasa ake nguva dzose nokuita biographers Soviet nguva dzose anofumura Kotovskogo mu basa udyire gamba Robin Guda, kwaakadeya kurota somwana kutevedzera. Asi chokwadi vanozivikanwa - akasindimara zvinhu, uye magwaro akawanda vasunungurwa panguva penguva, akabvumira itsva Kutarira mufananidzo wake.

rufu ingaita

Asi ngatirege kuwana kuvhiringidzika. Makore matatu bhanditi rombo rakanaka, kana, mumutauro wavo - "Fartagh" dzakaguma zvisingatarisirwi zvachose kusungwa. Muna 1916, apo hasha Hondo Yenyika I, uye simba iri Odessa aiva ne General Brusilov - murume rakaoma uye uori, Kotovsky akasungwa uye sarudzo dare vakatongerwa asungirirwe. Asi mufaro hazvina kuzvichinja pano - nguva yokupedzisira rufu wakadzikiswa kuupenyu mujeri.

dzvuku mukuru

Chikuva chitsva muupenyu akaomesa recidivist anova kutanga Civil War. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mushure February chimurenga vakasunungurwa vasungwa vose vezvematongerwe enyika, mbavha dzaiva mujeri, uye kubuda, Kotovsky akakumbira kuti amutume kuna mberi. Kugutsa chikumbiro, uye pasina nguva akanga murwi Red Army, uye pashure penguva yakati - uye mukuru bhurigedhi. In akurumidze mberi kwakadaro yava sei kukwanisa kwake kudzora vamwe uye kuvatungamirira. Hahugoni discounted sezvo yokusafa ushingi uye ushingi.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva Civil War, zviremera Odessa kazhinji akachinja ndokupfuura paruoko kuisa. Kamwe kuitira zvakaitika kuti Kotovsky, garai muguta, vakaritora chena, aifanira kutiza, uye akapedza mazuva anoverengeka nokuhwanda rimwe kwoumbozha dzepfambi pakati Odessa, ane muridzi aiva mhondi yake ramangwana Zayder Meer. Kusiya kujairika utiziro yakadaro Kotovskij yakapikirwa nguva kutenda mununuri wake. Uye Pakadaro makore mashomanana akurukurwa.

Race nokuti simba

The Civil Hondo yakapera, uye pakupera December 1922 panyika mepu yakaonekwa guru mamiriro - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Uyo akafa makore maviri gare gare Lenin chikatsiviwa Stalin kwenzira hurumende. Kubvira pazuva rokutanga anotanga rimwe shingirira kutamburira wevasungwa mumaoko ake simba rose uye anobvisa vaya vanokwanisa kukwikwidzana naye, asi, kupfuura zvose, zviri vamiririri rokumusoro murayiro weuto.

Pakati ivavo Kunyanya kukosheswa mutungamiriri, vaiva vakuru vehondo sezvo M. V. Frunze, M. N. Tuhachevsky, G. K. Ordzhonikidze, uye, chokwadi, GI Kotovsky, uyo akakunda ane mukurumbira rinoshamisa pakati Red Army mumakore okupedzisira hondo uye yevagari vagari vasunungurwa ndima kwavari. Mariri Stalin akaona ake aikwanisa somukwikwidzi, waiva akaenzana nokusaina rufu mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana.

chibvumirano wokuurayira

Mushure Civil Hondo uye pokugadzwa simba yeSoviet muna Odessa chipiriso zvose masangano akavharwa, kusanganisira yepfambi Zaydera Meer. Kuva akarasika mari, akatendeukira rubatsiro kuna Kotovsky, akanga kamwe chikwereti kwaari ruponeso rwavo, uye akanga ava murume ane simba kwazvo. Achida kuti atsive zvakanaka zvakanaka, akapa shamwari yake yekare mukuru kudzivirira fekitari shuga, iyo, maererano vamwe, akaita paakapiwa, kana sezvo vachiti - paakapiwa dzichapambwa kare tsika.

Kuedza kunzwisisa zvakaitika usiku August 6, 1925, apo bara Meer hwakaguma zvinosuruvarisa upenyu kunozivikanwa Corps Wehondo, vatsvakurudzi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvakanga mamwe hapana pane chibvumirano kuuraya, kuti murongi waiva Stalin, uye muiti - Zayder Meer. Hazvizivikanwi kuti zvaigoneka kuti iite imhosva, asi zviri pachena kuti aiva mumwe vashoma vaigona takasununguka kuswedera Kotovsky, nguva dzose pasi murindi. Kutsigira Shanduro iyi ndivo vakawanda chokwadi.

Kusimba, madenderedzwa hurumende rakapotsa kuteerera rufu uyo aidiwa mamiriyoni evanhu uye raiva rimwe zvikuru vehondo. chete "Chokwadi" pepanhau vakazvitsaurira zvose munyika anodhinda nhau shoma mitsetse chiitiko ichi, uye raiva kunorambidzwa yokutombotaura Kotovsk mumakore anouya. Mhondi pachake nokukurumidza asungwa, akaedza, asi zvinopesana akakurumbira tarisiro vakapukunyuka makore gumi ari mujeri, asi akasunungurwa kuti maitiro akanaka pashure pemakore matatu. Munyika umo chete akapfura pahwaro nokufungirana kuti kuronga kwemagandanga, chokwadi, kukanganwira muurayi ane akakurumbira yokutungamirira. Zvisinei, hazvina refu akararama. Vaimbove kotovtsy akamuwana ndokuuraya pasina tsitsi.

Nzvimbo akavigwa Kotovskij

Ari mausoleum musi Red Square kwegore akazorora Amai pamusoro Lenin, uye pamusoro kusarudza kuvigwa Kotovskogo - zvakanaka ruzivo ikoko. Chairo rakatevera pashure dzaibva guru umhondi chikwata, inotungamirirwa Prof. Vorobyov, uyo makei akanga achishanda pamwe nomuviri mutungamiriri, uye rinotanga prodelyvat chete manipulations pamwe zvakasara kunozivikanwa Corps Wehondo. Panguva iyoyo pedyo Odessa mumusha Birzula kudzidzinga kuvakwa mausoleum Kotovskogo umo uye akaisa ake dzikasasika Amai. Sami mariro akatsaukira ipapo muvanhu vairatidzira munyika.

Birzula musha, uko mausoleum Kotovskogo paakagadzwa pakarepo avigwa gamba Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Kotovsk. Yakava nzvimbo pevairwara Kupemberera chokuita pamutemo mitambo Soviet. Sezvo yava taurwa kuratidzwa vashandi uye mhemberero kwaiita mapiyona vana vavo. nokukurumidza Chokwadi, iye Grigoriya Kotovskogo mausoleum yakavharwa, uye kubvuma haisi mutsva izvozvo.

makore hondo

Muna 1941, vanhu vokuGermany vakapinda nechisimba Kotovsk. Mausoleum pamusoro G. I. Kotovskogo akanga pavo kuparadzwa, uye muviri nyore kuraswa. Mushure rusununguko, paiva mishumo kuti vagari vemo zvakawana pakati mapfupa dumped mugomba kupfurwa avo vanogara mumusha zvaiva gamba uye achaponesa kusvikira pakuguma hondo navo. Ichokwadi, haina kuzivikanwa, asi zvinofungirwa kuti Kotovskogo muviri ari mausoleum, iyo yakavakwa patsva pashure pehondo - ichi ndiyo mapfupa akawana vacho.

rakakiyiwa mausoleum

Mausoleum Kotovskogo photos kuti chinopiwa munyaya, yakavakwa muna 1965, rikagadzirwa akitekiti Protsenko. Inside nayo anoiswa indoor zingi mubhokisi ine hwindo diki. Kwemakore, chechokwadi uye kuti akaisa zvinyoronyoro, zvakawanda mufananidzo womunhu yakatsiva anodhinda Style acho gamba dzakarukwa anoparadzirwa yeSoviet. Kotovskogo kuti mausoleum pachayo kupi pabhokisi nomuviri wake, mujeri kusvikira zuva ranhasi.