Orchid: kuchengetedza uye kudhonza, mazano anobatsira

Maererano nevasayendisiti, orchids yakashongedza Nyika pasi pemamiriyoni 130 emakore apfuura. Sekuvaka imba, vakapararira makore 4000 apfuura, kutanga kuChina neJapan, kwavakagadzirwa kuvhiringidzika kwechirwere, kubva kwenguva refu vaitenda kuti vakaporesa zvinhu.

Mune dzimwe nyika, orchid, iyo yekuchengetwa uye kugadzika kwayo yakanga yatozivikanwa kuMabvazuva, yakabuda makore 200 akapfuura uye kubvira ipapo yakagamuchira vakawanda vanoyemura kunaka kwayo.

Orchid munharaunda yakasikwa

Kwemazuva mazhinji vanhu vainge vakanganisa, vachifunga kuti chimiro ichi chinokura mumasango ezvikanyika chete, saka zvakaoma kuti aite nzvimbo yakarurama kumba. Zvechokwadi, pane anenge 30 000 marudzi e orchids anokura mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana zvakakwana, achidzivirira nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzinotonhora chete.

Iko kukanganisa kwakanga kusina njere, sezvo zvakawanda zvezvirimwa izvi zvinonyanya kuda masango ane mvura inopisa uye masango, umo mavanodzivirirwa kubva kune zuva rakananga nemhepo yakanaka.

Kusvika iye zvino, hapana orchids chete muAntarctica, asi dzimwe dzose dzekondinendi dzimba kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuva iyi maruva epiphyte uye dzinoda rubatsiro nenzira yemuti wemuti. Muchiitiko ichi, havasi vezvipembenene, sezvo vanodya chete pamashizha akaora uye zvipembenene.

Chikamu chemaruva orchids chinogara mumakomo, sarudzo iyi, umo hunyoro hunounganidza uye kune kudzivirira kubva kumhepo inotonhora. Kwemamiriyoni emakore, maruva aya akachinja uye "akakura" midzi uye mashizha anovabatsira kuti vararame mune imwe nguva yekusanaya kwemvura, kuunganidza unyoro kubva munzvimbo.

Vamwe vavo vanokwezva nyuchi, asi vamwe vakashandura uye vakave nemuviri wemhuka nhunzi, mapururu, mhou, mapfupa, hummingbird uye kunyange moths. Hasi dzose dzemarudzi avo dzinogona kurarama kunze kwekugara kwezvisikwa. Orchids, kutemwa uye kutarisirwa pamusha izvo zvisingakonzeri dambudziko guru, zvinomiririrwa nemhando 50 chete, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye cumbria uye phalaenopsis.

Marudzi eOrchids

Kazhinji kacho, varimi vemaruva vanocherechedza kune marudzi aya emaruva aya, asingatsvaki kusikwa kwema microclimate muimba kana kuti gorofu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Phalaenopsis, iyo yakatanga kuwanikwa pachitsuwa cheAmbon muIndonesia. MuchiGiriki, zita rayo rinoreva "moth yakafanana", iyo inobatanidza nechitarisiko cheruva rinofanana nehovefly yekare. Chimiro chacho chine 4-6 mavara mashizha, kubva pane zvivi zvinowedzera peduncles nemhepo midzi. Inoparadzirwa nechecheche.
• Orchid yemombe yakawanikwa muBrazil neBanist William Svenson. Zita racho rakapiwa nezita romunhu akakwanisa kutanga kugona maruva ayo mumagetsi ayo. Izvi zvinomera nemaruva makuru uye akajeka zvikuru capricious uye zvinoda kuumba mamiriro ayo nehupamhi hwemvura uye kujekesa. Nokudaro, mutangi wekuti orchid, kutarisirwa nekugadziriswa kune izvo zvinoda nguva yakawanda uye ruzivo, hazvina kukodzera. Zviri nani kutanga nemhando shomsical zvishoma.

• Dendrobium - imwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, inosanganisira mbeu 1000 kusvika ku 1400 uye ivhu rehuni. Mhando dzose dzei orchid dzinogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaruva nemashizha, asi dzine chinhu chimwe chete chinozivikanwa - pasi rezasi rinosungirirwa pasi pegwenzi. Izvi ndizvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa izvi kune varimi, sezvo hazvidi kutarisirwa zvakananga uye kupunzika kubva mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu.
• Cumbria ishuga yakakura zvikurukuru "kurarama" pamba. Ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yevatangi vekutanga vanoda kuve ne orchid mumunda wavo wekumba. Kuchengetedza uye kutapurika ndezvishoma uye zvishoma. Anofadza muridzi wake ane ruzivo kakawanda pagore.

Mazana emabhuku akanyorwa, achinyora zvose pamusoro pearchichi - kutarisira, kudiridza, kutapurika uye kudyidzana, zvinodiwa kumba, kuitira kuti kunyange munhu anotanga anogona kugona maruva akasiyana-siyana mu "kuunganidza" kwake.

Orchids muhari

Kune vakuri vazhinji vanomhanyisa, mubvunzo unobatsira mukati mehuti kuti uwane orchids. Kuwedzerwa uye kutarisirwa kumba kwezvirimwa izvi zvinowanzoenderana nehutano hwakasarudzwa, nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yakasikwa yekuvaka.

Kazhinji kazhinji, vanoda ruvara iri vanosarudza kuwana mhando dzakasiyana, nguva yekuzorora inenge isina kudarika kana isipo zvachose. Izvi zvinosanganisira tsimbidium, celogin, phalaenopsis nevamwe. Dzinokura gore rose, izvo zvinonyanya kufadza kana uchizvitarisira.

Kune akawanda orchids, ivhu inzira chete yekuvadzivirira yakarurama, saka haifaniri kuva ne "nzara" bindu renyika. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobva mumusanganiswa wejecha rakasvibiswa pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwevhu, moss, bark, amalasi uye kork. Zvose izvi zvinofanira kunyatsopwanyika uye zvakasanganiswa. Iwe unogona kutengesa musanganiswa wevhu wakagadzirwa nemasikiti.

Vamwe vatsva vanotenda kuti kana michero ine midzi inodonha kubva muhari, zvino yakaomeswa mukati maro, uye inoedza kudhonza maruva. Iro orchid, iyo inochengetwa uye kuwedzerwa isiri yakaoma sezvinoratidzika, haifaniri midziyo yakawanda kusvikira kukura kwayo kumira.

Pachitanga chekutanga, panzvimbo yehari, kapu yepurasitiki inogona kubuda, asi izvi zvose zvinoenderana nekukura kwemaruva. Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa che an orchid inogara iine ivhu rakaoma, saka haifaniri kungoisa mvura uye mumakomba muhari, asi iyo inenge yakazara maruva, iyo inogara ichidururwa nemvura.

Phalaenopsis

Mhando iyi yemaschiki haina nguva yezororo uye inonakidza vadzidzisi vane maruva gore rose, asi kuti ichazotora midzi uye inenge ichitumbuka, zvimwe zvinoda kudiwa.

• Kutanga, zvakakosha kuti mhepo chero ipi zvayo yegore inopisa kusvika kune +25 degrees. Asi inotumbuka chete kana pane musiyano wezvidhigirii 5 pakati pezuva neusiku kutonhora. Muchiitiko ichi, maruva anoita itsvo itsva.
• Chechipiri, kupuraira, kunoitwa kamwe chete pazuva, kunofanira kutarisa semhutu wemvura. Hazvifanirwe kubvumirwa kusiya madonhwe emvura pamashizha, asi kunzvimbo yakakwirira kunodiwa. Kuti uzvigadzire, iwe unogona kushandisa pallet nematombo, umo pane nguva dzose mvura. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti pombi haisi mumvura, asi pamatombo, kuitira kuti midzi irege kuora.
• Chechitatu, apo phalaenopsis orchids inokura , kuchengetwa, kudyarwa kwechimiro ichi kunowanzoenderana ne substrate umo inokura. Inofanira kunge ichifema uye inogona kunge ine bark, moss uye zvidimbu zvehutu. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chokuti ivhu rinongova runyoro chete, kana kuti kutonhora kunoderedzwa, substrate inonaya inogona kukonzera kuora kwemidzi.
• Chechina, mvura inonwisa inofanira kuitwa zvakanyatsonaka, kuitira kuti mvura irege kuwira muchitsime chegungwa, uko kukura kwayo kuripo. Unogona kudururira mvura pamucheto wehari.

Imba ino orchid, kuchengetedza, kutora izvo zvisingakuremeri, kana iwe ukazadzisa zvose zvayo "zvinoda", zvichaunza mufaro kune muridzi wayo. Iyo inogara ichichera panzvimbo iyo maruva anenge apera ichaita kuti chimiro chive nechitarisiko chemafuro matsva, zvichigadzira kupera kwegore rose.

Kuiswa kwephalaenopsis orchids

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyo phalaenopsis orchid iyo inorega kushivirira kuparadzwa kwe substrate . Kuchengetedza kumba, kutapira kunofanira kuitwa nekuchenjerera zvakanyanya uye chete kana:

• Pombi yakava duku chaizvo;
• Chirwere cheupenyu uye miviri yakafa chakatanga;
• Iyo substrate yakaparadzwa;
• Iko kuonekwa kwekukundwa pasi;
• Iyo yekare yakakonzerwa haina kushandiswa.

Munguva yekugadzirwa, muti unofanirwa kubviswa zvakanyanyiswa kubva muhari. Kana yakagadzirwa nemapurasitiki, zvadaro zviri nani kuzvicheka. Midzi inofanira kusunungurwa kubva kune ivhu rekare, bvisa yakaoma uye inomera inomera uye inosuka mumvura yakachena.

Mune mudziyo mutsva, shandisa gorosi mutsva, isa maruva mukati maro uye unyoro unotora nzvimbo dzose pakati pemidzi. Sora zvishoma moisten uye uise mubati mumumvuri kwemazuva mashomanana, kuitira kuti orchid inogona kutora midzi. Mushure mokunge tashandura, kutarisirwa kunosanganisira kunyorera substrate kusvikira mbeu yatorwa. Mushure maizvozvi, unogona kuzviendesa kune imwe nzvimbo.

Cumbrian Orchid

Kufanana nemhando dzose dzakasvibirira dze orchids, cumbria dzakasiyana siyana dzinoda chete kudiridza kwakakodzera, inyanzvi yekuvhenekera nekushisa kwemhepo:

• Iyi simiti muzhizha inoda kutonhora kubva pa22 kusvika ku26, uye munguva yechando - kubva pa16 kusvika kune zvidigirii zvishanu. Munguva yemuva yemaruva, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chokuti masikati neusiku kutsetseka kunopesana neasina kupfuura ma5 degrees.
• Nzvimbo yakanakisisa ye orchid ye cumbria ichava mahwindo kubva kumavirazuva, kumabvazuva, kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kana kuchamhembe, uko kune chiedza chakawanda, asi hapana zuva rakananga. Apo bindu rinotumbuka munguva yekuvhuvhura-nguva yechando, zvinofanira kuideredza nemwenje we fluorescent.

• Kunwa kweizvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanira kunge zvisinganzwisisiki, asi nguva dzose. Hazviregi kukura kwemvura, saka pane inofanira kuva nemakomba muchitangi, uye mvura inogona kudururirwa kwete kwete chete pasi, asiwo masvingo. Kunwisa kunongoitwa chete mushure mekunge substrate ikasara mushure mokunge maitiro apfuura.
• Kunyorova kunofanira kunge kwakanyanyisa, kusvika ku30%, asi panguva yekuridza zvinogona kuwedzera zvishoma, izvo zvinogona kuitwa nekupfira kusvikira kaviri pazuva.
• Kupfeka kwepamusoro kunofanirwa kuitwa nenzira dzakanakisisa dzemaruvaki kamwechete pamwedzi, panguva yekukura kwayo - kubva munaMarch kusvika kuSeptember. Inofanira kuitwa nenzira yakanyatsotarisa, nokuti nokuda kwekuteerera kwaro rudzi urwu rwe orchids harudi sarinization yevhu.

Izvi zvinoda orchid ye cumbria . Kugadzirwa kunoitwa kana muhari usati watobata muti, asi panguva yekuzorora. Kuti uite izvi, inodzingwa zvakanyanyiswa kubva kune yakasakara, yakashambidzwa midzi uye inoisa muhari itsva ne substrate.

Kunwisa uye kupfeka kwepamusoro ye orchids

Vatangisi vanowanzofunga kuti chinhu chimwe chete chinodikanwa kuti orchid chibudirire ndechokucherechedza nekugadziriswa. Nzira yekushandisa nayo zvakanaka maruva aya inokosha zvakare kuziva. Munzvimbo dzakawanda zvinoenderana nemhando dzemhando idzi. Vamwe vanhu vanoda kudirirwa iyo substrate yavo isiri yakanyatsoomeswa, asi dzimwe, kuitira kuti iome zvachose.

Asi mahosikiti akawanda emumba anofarira ivhu rakaoma, saka paunenge uchidiridza, unofanirwa kufunga nezvekunyorovesa uye kuporesa zuva nezuva. Apo orchid inokura, kucherechedza, kutapurika (iyo mufananidzo inoratidzika iyo) inofanira kuendeswa nemvura inonwisa. Kana zvishoma nezvishoma muti wacho unogona kukurira ivhu rakasviba, ipapo kuwedzerwa kwemvura kunokonzera kuora kwemidzi, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu rwayo.

Mvura yekudiridza inofanira kuva yakanyorova, iyo inofanira kudzivirirwa kana kubika. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti kushambidzika kwaro kune mazinga maviri anodziya kupfuura air. Muzhizha, orchids inonwiwa katatu pavhiki, asi munguva yechando inowanikwa kaviri.

Nemaruva akadyarwa muhari, kunwa kunoitwa kubva kumusoro, uye kana mbeu yacho iri mumabhasiki kana mabheji, iyo inomiririrwa mumudziyo wemvura kwemaminitsi mashanu, mushure mokunge ichinge yakanyanyisa unyoro.

Kupfeka kwepamusoro kwemarudzi ose emaruva orchids kunoitwa kamwechete pamwedzi chete panguva yekukura kwavo. Kuti usapinda salinization ye substrate, inofanirwa kuigadzirisa nekushamba kwayo. Iwe haugoni kuvhara orchids munguva yechando uye munguva dzezororo, uye zvakare kushandisa mineral fertilizer inotarisirwa kune dzimwe maruva.

Munyaya ye orchids, zviri nani kuzviisa pasi pane kuzviita kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekuita fertilizing.

Kukura uye Chiedza

Chinhu chikuru chinodikanwa muridzi wean orchid, - kutarisira uye kudhonza (kana zvichidikanwa). Zvisinei, kuchekerera kunobatanidza zvakare kukura kwayo uye kupenya. Nezvirimwa izvo zvisingazivi nguva yekuzorora, inofanira kubudiswa nguva dzose apo inopera. Mushure mokunge maruva achiwa, chikamu ichi chemuti chinodurwa, kuchichikurudzira kuti chigadzire mutsva mumasikisi emashizha.

Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, orchid inogona kubvisa zvachose maruva emadziro kana kuti chikamu chekuti pane maruva. Zvichienderana nehurefu hwayo, zvinogara zvichibva kune 3 kusvika ku5 "mafungiro" ekurara. Kana iwe ukacheka chikamu chechipiri chepamusoro pevari, chichaita kuti maruva atange maruva matsva mwana.

Apo mubvunzo iwoyo pamusoro peiyo orchid inofanirwa kuva chiedza, inofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti pasinei nemhando dzavasingadi zuva rakananga . Chiedza chinofanira kuva chakajeka, asi chakasiyana. Kana zvisingakwani, maruva acho acharatidza izvi kuburikidza nekuchinja marara emashizha kumucheka wakachena. Kana iwe usingatori matanho munguva, inotanga kutendeuka uye kutambanudza, kuedza "kubuda" kune chiedza. Zvakakwana kutamisa maruva kuitira kuti idzoke kune yakajairika.

Mune nguva kubva munaMarch kusvika Svondo-Gumiguru, orchids ine nguva yekukura, saka chiedza chinodiwa zvakanyanya, asi patsika rezuva rehwindo zviri nani kuti pritenyat. Muchikwata uye munguva yechando, pane zvinopesana, kunouya kuzorora, asi panguva imwechete itsva buds uye zvinomera zvinobereka, kuitira kuti iwe unogona kuwedzera masikati avo nemaroto e fluorescent, achiuya nayo kune maawa 12 anodiwa.

Zvirwere nezvirwere

Kazhinji, nekuchengetwa kwakakodzera, orchids hairwere, asi kana iwe uchigadzirisa zvachose mitemo, inogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakadai se:

• Kuputika kwemashizha, iyo inowanzokonzerwa nekukuvara kumidzi. Iwe unofanirwa kuongorora mamiriro avo ezvinhu uye kunyatsobvisa midzi yakakanganiswa.
• Mashizha anokwanisa kuputika apo pakarepo kushambidzika kuchinja, kunyanya mushure mekudiridza.
• Zuva rezuva rinokonzera kupisa kumiti, iyo inoratidzwa mukuonekwa kwemavara madema, masango uye kukura kwakasiyana-siyana.
• Mashizha anotanga kuoma nokuora, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nemiti yakanyorova iyo inogara mukati me rosettes, kana kuti mutsara wegandanisi unovhara tsvina yevaspire yakadzika nechomukati. Kuti uzvibvise, iwe unoda kushandiswa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
• Kana ruva ranyarara kukura uye ruchiza, chengetedza chikamu chemukati chemashizha, uko maMatodes achidya majisi ayo anogona kugadzikana. Zvakakwana kubata mushonga ne nematicides kuitira kuti udzose kuupenyu.

Kana iwe ukazadzisa zvose zvinodiwa pakutarisira mhando dzakasarudzwa dze orchid, matambudziko aya anogona kudziviswa.

Maruva e orchids

Kana imwe orchid yakazora orchid, zvinoreva kuti yava nyanzvi, sezvo zvakaoma zvikuru kuti awane nyasha yake. Nokuda kweizvi, zvakakosha kunyatsozadzisa zvose zvinotarisirwa kuchengetwa kwemiti isingafadzi. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti maruva aya anotanga kubuda kubva kune makore anenge makore maviri.

Mukuwedzera, inofanirwa kusimbiswa, iyo iyo inokosha kuchengeta hurumende, iyo iyo yakawanda yemarudzi maawa gumi nemaviri. Iwewo unofanirwa kuumba musiyano wezvimiriro we 5-7 degrees pakati pezuva neusiku kutonhora kwemhepo.

Sezvakawandisa, iwe unogona kushandisa shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, somuenzaniso, gadzirirei kwemavhiki mashomanana pakushambidza kwe +16 degrees kana kupfugama kunwisa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anoita kuti orchid ibude. Kuchengetedza mushure mokupenya, kutapira (kana zvichidikanwa) zviri nyore. Pakati penguva yekuzorora zvakakosha kudonha peduncle uye kucherechedza zvinodiwa zvinodiwa pakudiridza, kupisa kwemhepo uye chiedza.