Nhoroondo yacho Ruble. akaita sei Ruble

The Ruble anonzi nhoroondo Russian mari dzaishandiswa. Provenance Ruble pamutemo kunotanga Novgorod Birch nemakwati tsamba pakutanga XIII remakore, asi kare vakawanda vanobvumirana kuti Ruble ane mari pfungwa asati, zvichida kubva muzana remakore rechigumi.

Kwakatangira pfungwa

Nhoroondo panowanikwa Ruble chokuita ne nhoroondo Novgorod Land. Wokutanga kutaura Ruble rakanyorwa riri yomusi 1281-1299 gg. Nepo vakawanda ichiparara zvemisoro Russian akanakidzwa Kiev Hryvnia sechinhu mari dzaishandiswa. Tinogona kufunga kuti nyaya iri kuenderera Ruble kana "bazi" nhoroondo yacho Hryvnia.

Pakutanga mashoko XIII remakore muna Novgorod ari kosi vaiva 200-giremu sirivha Gráfica ari muchimiro tsotso kuti ayo oblong chimiro uye uremu zvakafananidzirwa Hryvnia - akarirasa chairema Kievan Rus. Zvisinei, kusiyana kuna Kiev, Novgorod, vara vaidaidzwa "Ruble".

Nhoroondo Russian Ruble anobatanidza zita mari dzaishandiswa nokungoti Russian lyudom. Sezvo zita riri kusiyaniswa nhengo dzaro dziri vanhuwo parlance zvingangodaro kuti Ruble pakuzivikanwa se vara, refu kutangira panotaurwa ari charters, ndokusaka zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kuziva nguva chaiyo yaigara Ruble.

ukoshi

Hakuna vabvumirana nezvokukosha wokutanga rubles. Mugore ichiparara zvemisoro vakanakidzwa sirivha Gráfica - hryvnya kana rubles, nokuti Masvomhu duku inoshandiswa dzimwe mari, madhinari uye dirhams, akadana Russian "coon."

Apo neapo 200 giremu vara vaiva poltinas Hack kuti kana maduku zvikamu, nokuti chaiyo kukarukureta. Izvi zvinoomesa kutsunga chaiyo kukosha Ruble, nekuti maererano imwe Ruble ane analogue pamusoro Hryvnia, uye mumwe - "chigutsa" ayo 100 magiramu.

Kunenge kuti rakakuya hugota haisi zvachose unga mari ari mazita, uye Ruble muna Novgorod chaizvoizvo aiva akaenzana Hryvnia, uye Ruble muMoscow akanga isingasviki pahafu. Kunoratidzwa kuti akazviratidza gare gare vakanga Lithuanian Ruble, rairema 100 g

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Ruble History asina umboo pamusoro chaiyo Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti. Pane mana makuru nzira nokuda Nezvekwakabva shoko "Ruble" zvevakomana. The chikuru Shanduro - the Ruble rinobva shoko "kwiza", iro rinoreva "vagari". Novgorod Ruble yakarohwa mabikirwo kuti kutanga akadira kuva Foroma nehafu sirivha, uye ipapo chechipiri, kuti vara rakaumbwa muna pakati musono. Nokudaro anonyadzisira zita vara - the Ruble.

Maererano wechipiri shanduro pamudzi weshoko rinobva pashoko rechiito "kucheka." Muchiitiko chino, masayendisiti ari kufunga maviri zvokusarudza. Chokutanga - the Ruble rave chikamu Hryvnia, kana kupfuura zvazviri, ayo chechina; kureva poltina, chipped of hafu. Musimboti Second - Novgorod Ruble yakasiyana Kiev Hryvnia notches anoratidza munorumbidzirweiko uye ukoshi sirivha vara.

Vamwe vaviri shanduro dzinoti nokukwereta mazwi kubva mimwe mitauro. Zvichida shoko "Ruble" rine zvakajairika midzi neshoko "Rupee", iro rinoreva "sirivha paakapera kugadzira." Kunze fungidzira maererano Arabic neshoko "muzvina", iro unorira "RR".

Nhoroondo Ruble rinomira pamusoro shanduro mbiri dzokutanga, sezvo kare kugoverana mafungiro nenhumbi shoko "Ruble" pakudini parlance, hazvina wekuita zvingangoita nokukwereta izwi.

chokutanga Ruble

Kushandiswa zvokufonongonwa vara sirivha aiva kusagadzikana, asi akaramba kusvikira XIV remakore apo, panguva yaitonga Dmitry Donskoy akatanga chemindi itsva mari duku. mari neimwe yakasvika zvishoma pane chimwe giremu uye akanzi "mari", sezvo nhaka wechiTatar-Mongol joko. Ndiyo nyaya "Ruble" mari rinotanga kubva pfungwa iyi.

Mari akasiyana chimiro, sezvo zvakanga zvakaoma kuumba denderedzwa akakwana, zvisinei, uremu uye mucherechedzo pakati mari ndiwo chete. Print magadzirirwo anogona siyana zvichienderana hugota, apo mari vakanga yakagadzirwa.

Nokutamira madiki Masvomhu mari kuva nyore zvikuru, uye pakupedzisira 200-giremu vara vakabva muupenyu vanhuwo zvavo uye vakanga chete kushandiswa Wholesale kutengeserana.

Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu enyika ehondo Novgorod uye Moscow ukuru, uyewo kubva yokumadokero Duchy pakati Lithuania kusvika XV remakore Ruble kuribvisa zvizere Hryvnia, uye rava kwete chete musoro vara, asiwo anodzvinyirira pfungwa vakagamuchirwa nokuda kukarukureta uye kuverengwa mari iri upfumi.

Changes uye kuchinja

Yokutanga kwakapararira Ruble mari kuchinja akanga kuitwa pakati XVI remakore. Muna 1534 muMoscow vakatanga rakabatana mari isati chinangwa raiva kubatanidzwa mari inoshandiswa kubhadhara, uyewo ndichipfeka kuparadza zvipfuwo musika vemamwe mari, vavhiringidzwa nemugwagwa.

The inokosha mari dzaishandiswa aiva Moscow Ruble, iro raiva 200 kana 100 Moscow mari Novgorod mari. Naizvozvo Novgorod Mari vainzi "nekobiri", uye Moscow - "mechenkami". Mazita aya chokuita pakudhinda pamusoro neizvi divi mari. On the nekobiri yakanga yakagadzirwa murwi nepfumo bhiza, uye pamusoro mechenke - mumwe murwi nomunondo. Zviduku mari kwainzi pamuShuramiti, iri hafu mechenki; Kazhinji kwakanga chete mari, chipped of kana akapwanya hafu.

Sezvo sirivha Gráfica mumasangano ose Ruble muzana XVI remakore zvachose akabuda kushandiswa, ari Ruble, kusvikira pakati XVI remakore akaramba hapana kupfuura tambo chimwe.

Muna ra1654, rakanga kutanga yakagadzirwa mari mumasangano imwe Ruble. Kutaura zvazviri, aiva perechekanennye mari German, izvo kurutivi rumwe rave richidhindwa nguo maoko (gondo kaviri), uye kuno rumwe rutivi mambo vanoratidzwa mabhiza. Coin inonzi "Ruble", asi rairema isingasviki kwokukudzwa rangu - 64 magiramu.

Kana bhodhi Peter I mari simbi yakagadzirwa vakazvimiririra, uyewo dzinoverengeka kuchinja kwakaitwa uye mhangura sendi uremu vakanga chakaunzwa 28 d uye chechi 1/100 mugove unoonga. Kuwedzera masendi nemhangura akatanga, uye nendarama zvidimbu mumasangano of 3 rubles uye achirema pfuurei 3 magiramu yendarama. Gare gare, vakananga kuguma XVIII remakore, uremu sirivha iri mari masangano 1 Ruble vakawira 18 magiramu.

assignations

Wokutanga mapepa rubles akazviratidza yaitonga Catherine II, muna 1769. Banknotes aya riparadzirwe kwemakore 50; panguva zvokudhinda yavo hainei hurumende, izvo zvakazoita kuti chaiko pokuwa upfumi, nokuti bepa rubles akanga kupfuura kugovera simbi dzavo anokosha. Muna 1843, Banknotes vakanga wakasuduruka kushandiswa zvachose.

Wekutanga kukundikana kubhengi manotsi vakanga Zvisinei yakatsiviwa zvegore, bhengi manotsi, nokuti chete nezvikonzero mabhanga nokukurumidza vakarega kuchinjana kwavari ndarama nesirivha - bepa mari yakanga kupfuura methane akaparadzaniswa ari software.

The kuchinja zvinhu 1897 rakapa idzva bepa Ruble kunotsigirwa nendarama. Print rubles akanga kuitwa mutsva ano, dzinoshandiswa mavara akawanda uye akasiyana siyana chinodzivirira. Orel multicolour Kudhinda (zita muna rukudzo Ivana Orlova) akabvumira kudzivisa ndevokunyepedzera uye kuwedzera neHurumende pamusoro nokubudiswa uwandu Banknotes.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye yamambo mari hurongwa

Nguva pokuwa Russian Empire uye kugadzwa Soviet Russia, yainzi "nguva matambudziko." Hazvishamisi, nhoroondo Russian Ruble iyi anonzi chakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru uye uwandu pamutemo uye ndibatsireiwo mari kuchinja zviri nyore kuverenga.

Kunyange munguva yehondo, Japan Empire akatanga kushaya mari; mukurumbira Kusagutsikana, vakaedza kubvuta masimba, uyewo accession reRussia World War chaizvoizvo andakararama Umambo zvikuru kushaya mari. It anyangarika upenyu hwezuva nezuva mari yose, kunyange zviduku.

In tsika, zvose zvakanga akadana kushuma mu rubles uye raishandiswa kutengeserana, haana kunyange zviduku kukosha, sezvo zvakanga zvisiri kunotsigirwa matura anokosha simbi. Rubles vakadaidzwa kuzvidzora akadhindwa Banknotes, zvisiri waini, uye kunyange kupendwa mari. Munhoroondo kukura Ruble, uyewo nyika kare, iyi inogona kunzi kupfuura kugadzikana.

Yokutanga rubles Soviet

Nhoroondo Ruble kuRussia mukutanga Soviet nguva inotanga muna 1923, apo yakanga yakagadzirwa wokutanga goridhe ducat, kuenzaniswa 10 wavarindi rubles. Musi kupanana ducats yakapiwa mari zvakagadzirwa nesirivha - sirivha. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki mari Soviet sezvo mari goridhe uye vesirivha yaishandiswa zvikurukuru kwemakungwa kwema munyika dzinenge hapana sarudzo.

With 30-ies. Remakore rechimakumi maviri akatanga kuoneka mapepa rubles uye mari duku kuti chisingakoshi simbi alloys. Hurumende Kuedza kuunza mari chete nemanyorerwo akaramba kusvikira pakati pezana remakore, pamwe chitarisiko rubles uye kopecks zvakachinja kakawanda.

Reform pamusoro 1961

The guru mari kuchinja munhau Soviet Union, uye zvichida Russia yose rinogadzirirwa munguva yemakore 10. Vakasarudzwa zvinhu uye kukosha mutsva Ruble, unoitwa dzakafanana Manyorerwo uye akasarudza chete chakagadzirwa. Mumakore mashomanana akatevera ari Union kwapfuura yokutsiva rakakwana mari zvose itsva.

Mumwe NZD yokuenzanisira mutsva akanga akaenzana 10 rubles ekare (pakutanga Soviet mharidzo) uye aiva nendarama yakaenzana 1 g nendarama. Everyday mari akaita zvinokosha nesimbi hadzina yakagadzirwa zvakawanda kunze nyaya Mari kuti zviitiko zvinokosha kana okupemberera.

Modern Russian Ruble

Nhoroondo Ruble ndavhiyiwa mumwe dambudziko mukuvamba 90s. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union tsaru rubles Soviet vaiva kushandiswa kusvikira 1993, apo mitengo uye zvoupfumi akaremara national mari zvachose uye haazobvumiri chokuchinja kune mari itsva format.

Kuti tidzivise kuwedzera mitengo, mari kuchinja uye vagamuchirwa nokuda kweropa Banknotes itsva zvakawanda zeros yakaitwa 1993. Muna 1998, hurumende yeRussia akabata akatevedzana mari zvinhu, dzakanga uchiteverwa nesangano uye issuance pamusoro manotsi itsva dziri anotengeswa nhasi.