Nhoroondo Russian rengarava. Petra Velikogo Fleet

Russia - Continental mamiriro, asi kureba nemiganhu yayo, ichiyambuka mvura pamusoro ndiyo 2/3 zvavo Kureba. Russian Ancient vaigona kufamba mumakungwa uye vaigona kurwa mugungwa, asi chechokwadi wengarava tsika nyika yedu pane anenge 300 nemakore.

Vachiri kuvabvunzeiko imwe chiitiko kana musi, kubva rwakatanga nhoroondo Russian rengarava. Chimwe chinhu chiri pachena kuti vose - zvakaitika munguva yose Petra Velikogo.

The kuedza kutanga

Shandisa waterways kufamba muchiuto munyika, apo nzizi dzaiva chikuru pakukurukurirana migwagwa, wokuRussia akatanga kare. Kutaura ngano nzira "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki" dzokera emakore. About chirongwa "lodev" Prince Oleg kuConstantinople akanyora epics.

Wars Aleksandra Nevskogo pamwe yeSweden uye vairwa muhondo dzemachechi eGermany mumwe chikuru zvebasa yokusimbisa misha Russian pedyo muromo Neva, kuti kukwanisa kusunungura wekushandisa muGungwa reBaltic.

In rwezasi, kutamburira Sea Black pamwe Tatars uye vokuTurkey vaiva Zaporozhye uye Don Cossacks. "Yegungwa" dzavo kunozivikanwa muna 1350 vakabudirira vakarwisa uye akakunda Ochakov.

The Russian warship "yeGondo" yokutanga yakavakwa muna 1668 pamusoro ari Oka River mumusha Dedinovo kubudikidza zvarayirwa naMambo Alexei Mikhailovich. Asi kuberekwa kwake yechokwadi Russian nezvikepe vanosungirwa kurota uye kuda mwanakomana wake - Peter Mukuru.

rota Home

Pakutanga mambo wechiduku chete aida chaenda igwa duku yakawanikwa mushedhi mumusha Izmailovo. Izvi chikepe 6-mita akanga zvapa nababa vake, zvino mudura Naval Museum of St. Petersburg.

ramangwana mambo akati pashure kuti pairi uye zvinobva yokuRussia Imperial Navy, uye akamuti "Sekuru yeRussian Fleet". Peter pachake aridzorera nokutevera vatenzi chiGerman kugarwa, nekuti tenzi wake vavaki vengarava Moscow haana.

Kana ramangwana pamambo mumakore 17 rava mutongi chaiye, akatanga kuona zvechokwadi kuti Russia haagoni kuva pasina zvoupfumi, zvesayenzi uye tsika ukama Europe, uye zvakanakisisa nzira yokukurukurirana vari zvomumvura.

Akasimba uye kuziva munhu, Peter akatsvaka zivo uye unyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana. hasha dzake huru yaiva dzidziso uye kuita shipbuilding, zvaakanga adzidza kubva Dutch, German uye vanatenzi Chirungu. Akatarisa vakafara zvokufara zviya pavakaverenga mukati zvinokosha cartography, ndakadzidza kushandisa wekushandisa mano.

The unyanzvi yokutanga akatanga kushandisa pakasikwa "varaidza flotilla" Pleshcheyevo gungwa iri Pereslavl pedyo Yaroslavl. In June 1689 aitapo shipyards dzakatorwa Bot "Fortune", 2 zviduku frigates uye yacht.

Exit kune penyanza

Huge nyika hofori, akanga rechitanhatu paNyika nyika gobvu, zvishoma Russia kunopera XVII remakore kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika vaigona vanozviti kuva nepagungwa simba. Nhoroondo Russian rengarava - zviri zvakare nyaya kurwira kuwana mumakungwa. Paiva nzira mbiri mugungwa nzvimbo - mbiri "Bottleneck": Gulf Finland uye Sea reBaltic, izvo maiva simba Sweden, uye mhiri kweGungwa Dema, rakamanikana Kwazvo pakati Dardanelles, waiva aidzorwa hweOttoman Empire.

The kuedza kutanga kumisa vachirwisa kuti Crimean Tatars uye vokuTurkey kumaodzanyemba miganhu, uye kuti vateye nheyo kuti ramangwana budiriro kuGungwa Black chakaitwa naPetro muna 1695. Nhare Azov, riri mumuromo Don, akapikisa aizotambudzazve Russian muchiuto rwendo, uye nokuda hurongwa kukombwa haana simba zvakakwana, kwete mari yakakwana kucheka nerubatsiro zvombo kuti vokuTurkey yakapoteredzwa nemvura. Naizvozvo, kugadzirira rinotevera pamushandirapamwe, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka zvikepe.

Azov rengarava

Petro zvisati simba rakatanga kuvakwa ngarava. Varimi vanodarika 25,000 kunge vachida kushanda shipyards muna Chitarisiko uye rwizi Voronezh. Maererano ivhu vakauya kubva kunze, pasi pokudzora vatenzi vatorwa vakanga akagadzira 23 kukwasva ngarava (rakaoma), 2 mukachikepe guru (mumwe wavo - 36-pfuti "APÓSTOL Potr"), midziyo duku kupfuura 1,300 - ngarava, magejo zvakadai. d. Yaiva kuedza kutanga kusika chii anonzi "dzose Russian Imperial Navy." Iye zvakakwana kuzadziswa kwayo basa adzikinure mauto kumasvingo wakakombwa uye dzakapoteredzwa ichivharira pakati Azov nemvura. Pashure pokukomba-vhiki nhanhatu 19 July, 1696 boka ravarwi mapfumo.

"Lutche ini kurwa gungwa ..."

Mushandirapamwe uyu akaratidza kukosha kubata munyika uye gungwa nemauto. Akanga inokosha kuti kusarudza pakati Boyar Duma uchiwedzera kuvakwa ngarava. "Ngarava vane!" - wamambo nechirevo pamusoro hurumende ichiisa mari nhumbi itsva akabvumirwa October 20, 1696. Kubvira musi, nhoroondo Russian rengarava, uye anoramba Countdown kwayo.

embasi huru

Hondo nokuti wokumaodzanyemba kuwana penyanza kubatwa zviri Azov achangobva yatanga, uye Petro akaenda Europe kutsvaka rutsigiro pamusoro Turkey yayo vakabatana. Mambo akashandisa nedzenyu rwavakaita ake kwakatora rimwe nehafu gore kuwedzera ruzivo rwavo mune shipbuilding uye munyaya zvechiuto.

Pasi zita Petra Mihaylova, akashanda ari shipyards kweNetherlands. Akawana ruzivo pamwe vakawanda navavezi Russian. In mitatu kubvira dzavo nekupinda yakavakwa frigate "Petro naPauro", uyo akaenda ipapo Java pasi mureza weboka East India Company.

MuEngland, mambo uyewo nokushanda padzimba shipyards uye nomuviri okudhindira. Chirungu King zvakananga Petro anoronga wengarava anofambisa. Kuona nepavanogona kudyidzana 12 uye zvikepe hombe, Peter anogumbukira uye anoti aida kuva Chirungu Admiral, pane ari Russian chamber. Kubvira hope kuti simba Russian Imperial Navy kwasimbisa maari zvachose.

muduku Russia

Marine mabhizimisi hwapedyo. Muna 1700, Petr Veliky hwakagara zvedzimba yeRussian Navy ngarava. Yainzi pashure yokutanga Russian Order - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. makore 300 kusvika Russian rengarava, uye zvinenge zvose iyoyo rakavadzikatira vezvikepe Russian oblique yebhuruu muchinjikwa St. Andrew kuti mureza.

Kwapera gore, muna Moscow yokutanga wengarava chikoro - pachikoro sayenzi akarongeka uye kufamba mugungwa. Akasimbisa Navy akarayira kuti atungamirire bazi idzva. Akagamuchira Naval Charter akapinda wengarava pamisara.

Asi chinonyanya kukosha - the Admiralty, mutariri shipyard - zvikepe itsva makavakwa ikoko.

Peter I zvirongwa mamwe kukunda zvengarava muGungwa Dema uye nechepasi pane shipyards chaitadzisa imwe inozezesa anokumhan'arira kuna North. Denmark uye Sweden kundorwa pamusoro nharo muzvitsuwa, uye Petro akabatana naye pamusoro Danish divi, nechinangwa kuputsa kuburikidza "hwindo Europe" - kuwana Sea reBaltic.

Battle Gangut

Sweden rinotungamirirwa muduku uye cocky Charles XII akanga huru uto rehondo iyoyo. Ruzivo Russian Imperial Navy akamirira mutsekwende. Muzhizha 1714 wokuRussia dzechikwata kuti ngarava inotungamirwa Admiral Fedorom Apraksinym akasangana simba Swedish pangarava pa Cape Hanko. Kubvuma muvengi atirari, kuti Admiral haana kuda kutungamirira nokurwisana uye vakaudza Peter ezvinhu.

Mambo akaitira feint: akarayira kuti kuronga flooring kuti chikepe zvikepe pakaoma, uye kuratidza chinangwa naJessica rokuPacific kuti rwemberi muvengi rengarava. Kuti izvi zvisaitika, nyika yeSweden vaiita rengarava kutuma yokuzviparadzanisa 10 midziyo pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda kweItari kunzvimbo Perevoloka. Panguva ino gungwa rakavambwa kudzikama kwakakwana izvo kunyimwa yeSweden mukana upi rinoshamisa,. Zvikepe wandisa taisa mira chinhu chakakombama pamberi muhondo, uye zvikepe Russian rengarava - kutsanya kukwasva ngarava - yakagundika mhenderekedzo, akarwisa boka 10 midziyo, chokunyengera nayo bay. Frigate flagship "Elephant" rakatorwa mungarava, Petro anobatanidzwa ari melee kurwisa, pavanoteka vezvikepe nemuenzaniso.

wengarava kukunda Russian kwakanga kwakakwana. About imwe ngarava gumi vakabatwa, vanopfuura chiuru yeSweden akabatwa uye vanopfuura 350 - vakaurayiwa. Pasina kurasikirwa rimwe chikepe, Russian akarasikirwa varume 120 vakaurayiwa uye 350 - akakuvara.

First Sea Victoria - the Gangut uye, gare gare, panguva Grengam uye nenyika Poltava kukunda - izvi zvose zvakanga kiyi kusaina of Chibvumirano Nystad Sweden (1721), pasi iro Russia akatanga kubudirira muGungwa reBaltic. Chinangwa - kuwana West European zvengarava - yave kubudirira.

Nhaka Petra Velikogo

The hwaro pakusikwa kuBaltic Fleet rakavakwa Peter kunyange makore gumi vasati hondo Gangutskaya kana adzikinura kubva pamuromo Neva yeSweden yakatangwa St. Petersburg, guta guru mutsva Russian Empire. Pamwe chete uto chawo yaiva pedyo - Kronstadt - vakava masuwo akavhara kuvavengi uye akavhurika kuti kutengesa.

Nokuti kota remakore, Russia akatora nzira kuti akatora emakore akawanda, vaitungamirira masimba mugungwa - nzira kubva ngarava duku romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kufamba kune midziyo makuru anokwanisa kukurira chokudenga yose. Flag of Russian Navy yaizivikanwa uye vanoremekedzwa zvose nyanza yenyika.

History okukunda uye vakakurirwa

Petro kuchinja uye kufarira mwana wake - wokutanga Russian rengarava - akamirira mugumisiro zvakaoma. Havasi vatongi vose vaivapo munyika vaiita pfungwa Petra Velikogo, kana akanga simba rake hunhu.

Mumakore akatevera 300 makore kune Russian rengarava mukana kuhwina kukunda kukuru nguva Ushakov uye Nakhimov uye vanotambura zvikuru kukuvara muna Sevastopol uye Tsushima. Mushure panonyanyisa vachirwisa Russia yakanga kunyimwa mamiriro gungwa simba. Panguva Renaissance, mushure wakakwana pokuwa anoziva nhoroondo Russian Navy uye mazana emakore akapfuura, uye ano.

Nhasi zvikepe zviri kuwana simba pashure pokudengenyeka kurega kunotanga, uye zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zvose zvakatanga nesimba uye kuda Peter I, vaitenda nepagungwa noukuru nyika yavo.