Nharo: chimiro uye munhu vavengi kana shamwari. Zvisikwa muhupenyu hwehupenyu

Iye zvino dambudziko rekubatana pakati pemasikirwo nemunhu rinoratidzika zvakanyanya. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda: kushayikwa kwezviwanikwa, kuwedzera kukurudzirwa kwerudzi rwevanhu maererano neamai pasi pano. Kufambira mberi kwekambani yekufambira mberi, izvo zvinoda vanhu vakawanda uye vemazuva ose. Asi isu tinononoka pasi tisati tanyora zvese zvinopesana. "Zvisikwa uye munhu" - nheyo inoda kuti imwe nzvimbo iende munhoroondo.

VaGiriki vekare neukama hwavo kune zvakasikwa uye pasi

VaGiriki vekare havana kuzviparadzanisa ivo pachavo uye nyika. Murume nenyika zvakagadzira kubatana kwekunyora. Murume panguva iyoyo haana kumbofungidzira kuti ane "unhu" uye "munhu oga". Ichokwadi, vanhu vakawanda havazivi chinhu pamusoro peizvi uye kudana, somuenzaniso, Socrates munhu wega. Hungu, chiGiriki chakanaka, mumwe angati, akanga ari tateguru wemunhu oga, asi iye pachake akanga asiri munhu oga. Akabva abvuma kuguma kwake uye akanwa tsvina ye cicuta - kupi kune munhu oga?

Izvozvi zvinotsigirwa nehukama pakati pemunhu nemasikirwo. Nharo dzinotevera: chimwe nechimwe chinhu chine mwari wake. Zvakakosha kuti vose vanamwari (zviro) vanogara murugare. VaGiriki vekare vairemekedza zvikuru kana pazvakaitika panyaya dzezvakasikwa. Vakatenda kuti nyika yose iri pasi pemitemo yenyika yakabatana, naizvozvo hapana chinofanira kuputsa tsika yezvinhu, zvinhu zvose zvakafanana. Zvisikwa uye munhu mumwe chete. Kana vakaudzwa kuti: "Ipai nharo: chimiro nemunhu zvakabatana?" - havanganzwisisi mubvunzo. Kwavari, zvose zvakanga zvakajeka.

Maonero ezvisikwa muMiddle Ages

Apo zvivako chete zvigaro zvakaramba zviripo kubva kuAndiyoki, uye vanamwari vechiGiriki vakashandurwa kuva madhimoni enyika yechiKristu, ukama huri pakati pevanhu nemasikirwo, nharo mumisangano yekusingaperi, yakachinja zvakare. Zvino chimiro chaive chikamu chenyika yezvivi, asi, kuva nechokwadi, hazvina kumboitika kumurume kuti azviparadze kana kuti azviparadze. Zvisikwa uye nyika zvakanzwisiswa nevanhu sechimwe chinhu chinofanira kukundwa nekuda kwekunamata pamwe naMwari.

Mwari, chimiro, munhu - katatu musangano muRenaissance

Mushure mokutambudzwa kwevanhu muMiddle Ages muRenaissance, zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita nemuviri uye zvinhu zvenyika zvakasimbiswa. Ndezvipi zvinozivikanwa pamusoro peKutanga Kwemazuva Ekuzvarwa, kunze kwe "Hammer of Wit Witches," kuwedzera kweChipupuriro, uye vanhu vose vapfumi vanobuda kubva kumahombekombe emafaro evanhu? Ndizvozvo. Pantheism inodzidziswa maererano nezvinoitwa naMwari mumasikirwo, uye nyika ine mweya nepfungwa. Kuziva Mwari kunogoneka kuburikidza nemasikirwo. Icho chiratidziro chayo chekrete.

Sezvazvisiri zvakaoma kunzwisisa, munguva ino mafungiro evanhu kumasikirwo ezvisikwa, zvinopikisana kana zvinopesana nazvo zvakasiyana zvachose kudarika muMiddle Ages. MuneRaissance, nyika yakapoteredza inoshamisa kwazvo, nokuti vanhu vanoda zvinhu zvose, vanonamata zvakasikwa - kuve munhu waMwari.

New Time. F. B. Aporism's aphorism: "Zivo isimba". Kutanga kwekukunda kwezvisikwa nevanhu

Nguva itsva inoratidzirwa nekuti munhu anoda kuisa pasi pasi rose uye iye pachake nesayenzi nekufunga. Mune nguva ino, dambudziko rechisikiro uye munhu rinozvarwa, nharo, zvisinei, haisati yatsvakwa. Zvisikwa zvinonzwisiswa sechinhu chisingaiti, chinongororwa chete nekutsvakurudza kwevanhu uye kuedza kwariri.

Usatongotonga vatungamiriri vemazuva ano. Havana kutarisira kuti pfungwa muzuva redu ichishandura pache payo uye inobereka chirume chekuongorora technotronic - mararamiro edu emazuva ano. Kana kuenzanisa kwakadaro kuchibvumirwa, zvino izvi zvakafananidzirwa kuti vabereki vanoda sei uye vanoyemura mwana wavo ane mvere dzegoridhe, vasingazivi kuti achakura semhondi.

Kusvikira mazuva ano, pfungwa haigoni kuzviratidza zvachose, nokuti kwakanga kusina shanduro yekuongorora. Izvo zvakare zvakabva kune zvakaitwa naF. Bacon, B. Spinoza naRa R. Descartes, ndicho chikonzero vanhu vakaedza kufunga, asi ivo pachavo. Semuenzaniso, F. Bacon akafa nekubatwa kwechando paaiita chimwe chiedza. Simba rinoshamisa raiva murume. Angave aifunga kuti rimwe zuva kwaizova nechinetso chechisikiro uye munhu, vangada kunyange kukakavadzana here? Hongu, kwete.

Asi pane imwewo iyo yakakumbirisa kunyange ipapo kufunga zvakanaka uye kudzokera kune zvisikwa. Jean-Jacques Rousseau akava murume akadaro, asi kuchema kwake kwakanga kuri inzwi riri kuchema murenje.

Nzvimbo iripo pakudzika kwehukama pakati pemasikirwo nemunhu

Iye zvino hatidi kubvunza mibvunzo uye kutsvaga nharo: "Zvisikwa uye munhu zvakabatana?" Nhasi kwatiri, sevaGiriki vekare panguva imwechete, zvose zviri pachena. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, pane zvakasiyana. Vakawanda nhasi vanoda kuda kupinda pamwe uye kutora kuchema kweZh.-Zh. Rousseau, asi yakanyanyisa. Sei? Nokuti zvisikwa muhupenyu hwevanhu, nharo dzaro hazvigone kuchinja chero chinhu mupfungwa yepasi rose. Zvigadzirwa nemafuta zvinoputira majisi ose kubva pasi mukutsvaga purofiti.

Ukama huri pakati pemasikirwo nemasangano

Uye panguva iyo iye zvino hurumende inobva pane zvakasikwa, uye zvakasikwa zvinotarirwa munzanga. Maitiro emasikirwo evanhu anowanzova nemigumisiro yemagariro evanhu. Uye njodzi dzinoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwehupfumi dzinopindura zvinorwadza maitiro eamai. Nokudaro, munhu anofanira kuzvidzivirira pachake uye nyika yakamupoteredza. Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu vazhinji havafungi zvakarongeka: kwavari, zvisikwa zviri muhupenyu hwehupenyu, zvikonzero zvinowanikwa zvakanaka zvinopedzeredzwa kuva zuva rakanaka rezhizha kana bhengi mumhepo. Uye saka ivo vakagadzirira kurarama pasi pedenga, iro rinotsiva mumhepo mune zvinyorwa zvitsva. Zvinoshamisa? Dai izvi zvakanga zvisina kudaro, saka vanhu vangadai vakachengetedza mamiriro avo ezvinhu, uye vangadai vasingaiti kuti dhiyabhorosi-anga-anga-ane hanya.

Kuvhara musoro unoti "Arguments: chimiro nemunhu", ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvingava zviri nyore kuti nyika iswededze vanhu kubva pachavo, asi zviri pachena kuti rudzi rwevanhu runoda Nyika nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero.