Ijini chii? Zvinoshamisa uye hazvishamisi nezvesainzi genetics

Sei munhu achiita saizvozvi, uye kwete zvimwe? Sei vana vachiita sevabereki vavo, vanasekuru, vanasekuru, vanin'ina nehanzvadzi? Mubvunzo uyu vanhu vanofarira kare kare kusati kwavapo sesai se genetics. Yakaonekwa zvishoma munguva ichangopfuura. Muvambi wesayenzi ndiGregor Mendel, uyo akararama muzana remakore rechina reXIX uye akaita zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana, maererano neiyo nhaka yemamwe maitiro anoitika.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, iyi nharaunda yakarova masayendisiti akawanda uye yakanyatsokura. Muna 1909, pfungwa yegene yakagadzirwa uye yakatanga kushandiswa . A gene chikamu chendaneti yeDNA iyo inozivikanwa nezvose zvakapetwa helix zviri mune yese sevanhu uye inotakura mashoko ose pamusoro payo. DNA inowanikwawo mumagiramu emagemisi, uye paanobatana, DNA yezvipenyu zviviri zvinosanganiswa kuita shanje itsva yakasiyana inobatanidza DNA yezvisikwa zvevabereki chete, asiwo zvikamu zvezviketani zvemadzitateguru avo ose. A gene inhengo yeruzivo pamusoro pehumwe kana boka rehupenyu hwehupenyu. Mimwe majene ezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakaiswa mukati mazvo, saka zvisikwa zvose zvakavapo nekubatsirana zvekuita zvepabonde zvakasiyana zvachose. Zvinotendwa kuti ruzivo rwemuviri rune coded ne 30-50 000 gee, asi pane zvimwe zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva, zviso zvose, ruvara rwebvudzi, ganda, ziso, misumari, maitiro ese emagetsi - izvi zvose zvinodhindwa neboka kana geni. Zvinonakidza kudzidza nekudzidzira! Izvi ndizvo izvo masayendisiti ari kuita.

Molecular genetics - imwe yematazi eusayenzi-inoshushikana nekuti inodzidza sarudzo yejeni. Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, sarudzo yayo isiri iyo yakarongeka ine maitiro maviri: kukodhidza uye kusina-coding sequence, iyo inonzi exon uye nitron, maererano. Uku kuwanikwa kwakaitwa mushure mekudzidza DNA yeEukaryotes, ndiko kuti, maitiro ezvisikwa, masero ayo ane nucleus. Ichokwadi, maDM molecules ane nucleotides inowedzera mashoko ose Nezvemuviri. Uye kubva pakuona kwekemiti, zvose izvi mapuroteni.

Zvakawanikwa zvitsva uye kubudirira kweiyo genetics zvakapa kukurudzira mishonga, kubereka, biology, criminology nedzimwe sciences. Kunzwisiswa kwakarurama kwerudzi rupi rwemashoko anonzi gene rinotakura ndicho chinhu chinokosha pakurapa zvirwere zvakawanda. Iwe unogona kuziva mhedzisiro yemumwe munhu kana mumwe munhu, kuratidza kana kuramba urongwa hwevanhu vakasiyana-siyana, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Mune ramangwana, apo masayendisiti anogona kuratidza uye kugadzirisa maitiro ega, zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kukundwa, zvitsva zvezvirimwa nemhando dzemhuka zvinogona kubviswa. Izvi hazvisi kuedza here?

Mune mazamu, pane imwe pfungwa inonakidza - kubuda kwemajini. Zvinoreva kuonekwa mune imwe nhamba yehuwandu hwemajeni huri mune imwe
Nhamba yevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika inofamba. Ikozvino, kana iwe ukashandisa izwi iri kune vanhu, ichi chisanganiswa chemarudzi maviri, kufanana.

Genetics isayenzi inoshamisa uye inonakidza, iyo mune ramangwana inogona kuva imwe yezvinonyanya kukosha uye yakavimbisa. Hazvirevi chete kuti chii chichava, asiwo chinogona kuziva kuti chaive chii. Nekubatsira kwayo, zvichave zvichibvira kusimbisa kana kupokana nematoriro aripo ekuonekwa kwevanhu.