Ndeipi uye rini inokura? Zviratidzo zvekuwedzera lenti. Lentil Properties

Lentil inomera inoshamisa inokosha kubva mumhuri huru yemarume. Anonyatsozivikanwa munyika yedu, anozivikanwa kune dzimwe nyika. Nzira yekukurisa lensisi, chii chinoshandiswa nekurimwa kwayo, kuverengwa munyaya yacho.

Tsanangudzo yemutsika

Lentil inomera yemvura inopera gore negore, iyo yakareba yakasvika masentimita makumi matanhatu. Gwenzi harisi guru mukukura. Iyo yakagadzika ine chimiro chetethedral uye tsvuku tsvuku. Vari kumira kana kugara, zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyo yose yakareba yehutu inofukidzwa nemvere dzemadiki mashoma uye mashizha akaoma.

Lentile dzine mashizha akaoma ane chimiro chepododermorous. Iti petiole pachitsime ine antenna, iyo inogona kuiswa branched kana nyore. Kukura uye maumbirwo emashizha mumhando dzakasiyana dzemarenti yakasiyana. Pfupi peduncles ine rimwe kana kuti maruva maduku maduku, akafanana akafanana nemashs. Kazhinji kazhinji kamuti akave akavezwa akachena, asi kune bhuruu-bhuruu kana violet-bhuruu.

Miti yakasiyana-siyana inoenderana nekusiyana, mamiriro okunze uye ivhu. Nguva yaro inogona kubva pamwedzi miviri nehafu kusvika kune ina. Kusvikira nguva yemaruva, iyo inoitika pakupera kwaMay - kutanga kwaJune, iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Apo mavanga anotanga kuonekwa (masvondo masere mushure memafuro), kukura uye kubata kwegwenzi kunowedzera.

Mifananidzo ye fetus

Iyi mbesa inobereka mune imwe dendere nemashizha maviri. Iyo yakareba, ine rhomboid maumbirwo uye chiito chekunyangarika kana ichikwira. Zvibereko zvishomanana, kubva kune imwe kusvika kune zvitatu. Iine mazamu akaenzana kana akaputika uye madiki mashoma, kusvika pamasentimita maviri murefu.

Zvibereko zvinouya mumutsvuku, zvitsvuku, zvitsvuku, zvidzhi, zvidema, grishe, zvidema, zvine marble zvine mavara kana mavara.

Lentils muRussia

Munyika yedu tsika iyi yaizivikanwa kwenguva refu, mazana mashanu emakore akapfuura. Mumazuva iwayo, kukura kweizi muRussia kwakaitwa paRussian Plain. Sezviyo zvezviyo, yaive yakakosha. Ndeipi iyo lori inokura muRussia? Muzana remakore rapfuura nzvimbo yekukura kwayo munyika yedu yaiva nzvimbo dzepasi dema dzeVolga neUrals. Lentils yakakura muNorth Caucasus neUkraine.

Yakanga ichinzi crane pea, soybean, vetch, lishta. Lentils dzaishandiswa pakubika chingwa, kubika porridge uye muto. Yakagadzira masiki nemasipi. Iye zvino, lentiy muRussia iri kuwedzera munzvimbo yeVolga, Central Central Chernozem nzvimbo dzenyika, munzvimbo duku dzeTatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvashia, uye kumadokero kweSiberia.

Zvisikwa zvekukura

Bean tsika icharatidza zvose zvakanakisisa zvayo apo ichicherechedza zviitiko zvinotevera zvekuwedzera lentiy:

• Nokuda kwekukura kwemuti, kuumbwa kwemichero uye kugadzirwa kwezvibereko zvakakura, chinhu chinokosha chinofanira kuverengwa. Mamiriro ekusimudza lenti yakadai zvokuti inoda chiedza chakareba kwenguva yakareba kuti ikure kazhinji. Zuva rekuedza, kunyange pagumi neawa, haigoni kugutsa zvido zvake. Chimiro chichava chisina kusimba, chibereko hachizobvumi, chibereko chichaderera.
• Chimwe chiitiko ndechokugadziriswa kwemiti yacho nemhepo uye kupisa kubvira pakutanga kwekukura kwemwaka. Gare gare, lentils inogona kumira kunaya kwemvura.

• Mbeu dzinokwanisa kukura muvhu, dzinopisa kusvika kune madhigirii mashanu kana matanhatu ekupisa. Iyi yechando inoonekwa sechepasi.
• Iko rinokura kupi? Chimiro hachikwanisi kukura pane ivhu rakagadzirwa nechepasi.
• Lentil inokura sei? Pakarepo mushure mekudyara, nhengo dzenhengo dzinokura zvishoma. Zvinorwadza zvikuru kubvumira kuvapo kwemasora munharaunda. Nokudaro, panguva iyi, mabhedha anofanira kunyatsocheneswa.
• At Midzi inounganidza nitrogen, iyo inoita kuti ivhu riite. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, marumusi muzhinji, uye lentiy kunyanya, anofarira zvekurima.
• Zvibereko zvinogona kupedzwa muhupenyu husina kusimba, ivo vanotova tastier.

Soil

Iko rinokura kupi? Anosarudza danda rejecha rakasvibira kana kuti loamy loam ivhu. Kana pasina ivhu rakasvibiswa, ivhu rakaoma rinoshandiswa, zviri pachena kuverenga pamusana wekukohwa. Kana denga rakanyanyisa kudikanwa, chimiro chinofanira kuwedzerwa kwavari kana kuti mbeu dzakasimwa munzvimbo dzave dzakarongerwa chibage, mbeu dzechando kana mbatata. Zvakanaka ndeyevhu rakajeka rine unyoro hwakakwana. Lentils inokura zvakanyanya pane ivhu nehuwandu hwe acidity uye kuburitsa index.

Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvokuita?

Vakawanda vanoita basa rokurima lentiki munyika. Mushure mekusarudza nzvimbo yacho, ivhu rinofanirwa kushandiswa kuitira kuti nyemba dzikure zvakanaka uye dzipe chibereko chakawanda. Lentil inokura sei? Nokuda kwekukura kwakanaka mukati megore musati wasima uye nekuvhuvhu munguva yekuchera, ivhu rinofanira kushandiswa kuti riwedzere kubereka kwayo. Izvo zvakakodzera zvakakwana zvakaoma fertilizer ne phosphorus uye potassium. Mera yakareba yakakwana magiramu makumi mashanu.

Iwe unogona kuita mamwe manyowa. Lentil inokura sei? Pachava nekukura kwakanaka uye kukohwa kwakanyanya, kana panguva yekuchera kwemibhedha muvhuni kuwedzera superphosphate uye potassium munyu muhuwandu hwe20-50 gm uye 10-30, zvichienderana. Muchirimo, ivhu rinogadziriswa neammonium nitrate: 10-30 gramu pamita mita imwe.

Mbeu kudyara

Kudyara kwebhinzi kunotanga mangwanani, nokuti zvakakosha kuti ivhu rakachengetedza unyoro, zvisati zvadaro mbeu ichakurira gare gare. Munyika yakagadzirwa, mitsetse yakamanikana inogadzirwa, masentimita makumi maviri kubva kune mumwe. Mbeu dzemajeri dzinogara dzichioma. Mbeu dzakabatanidzwa muvhu hazvina kudzika, zvakakwana masendimita matatu kusvika mashanu. Ivo vashoma muhukuru. Kunyange zvazvo kune dzakawanda dzazvo mumapodhi, mbeu dzinodyarwa zvakasiyana muvhu, imwe neimwe kusvika gumi nemashanu masendimita zvakaparadzana. Denga rakadzama revhu, pamwero wekubereka mbeu, inofanira kupisa kusvika kutonhora kwema matatu kusvika mana mana ekupisa. Kuti ruzha ruve nerushamwari, michero yakafukidzwa nevhu inosungirirwa kuti iswedere pedyo nevhu.

Kutarisira

Inyanzvi yekuwedzera lentiy inopa maitiro akawanda e-agrotechnical, rimwe rawo rinotarisira. Ichi chibage chinomera chimiro chisinganzwisisiki. Sezvo lenzi inokura, inonyatsooneka mumufananidzo. Anonyatsorambidza kusanaya kwemvura uye madutu. Asi mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga mushure mekudyara, unoda kugara (zuva nezuva) nemvura ivhu kuti ridzivirire kubva pakuoma.

Misi inodiwa pakukura kwemiti yose, asi munguva ino kunyanya kumidzi. Apo vanowedzera simba uye vanowana simba, kudiridza kunopera kusvika maviri kana katatu pavhiki. Kana paine zvakawanda zvemasora pamubhedha, vanofanirwa kushandiswa masora mumuganhu-kutarisana nemasango, zvisinei kuti vachabvisa lentiy, uye inogona kufa.

Kukohwa

Kuibva kwebhinzi hauna kukwana: pasi pods dzinobereka pamberi pepamusoro. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, dzinounganidzwa mumatanho maviri: yekutanga - apo mbesa dzose dzakabereka, kunze kweiyo inokura mumucheto wepamusoro wegamu, yechipiri - kukohwa kwekupedzisira nekuzadza kwakakwana kwebhinzi munzvimbo yese. Zvibereko zvakanaka zvehutano - usapararira.

Vakawanda vanogadzira zvirimwa vanofunga zvisiri izvo kuti kuchenesa kunogona kumirira. Aya maonero asina kunaka. Mukupera kwenguva yekukohwa, michero inochengetedza maitiro avo, asi inorasikirwa nehutsika hwavo hunobatsira. Rudzi ruvara rwebhinzi rinoratidza huru hwepamusoro hwe lentile, asi mune michero yakawandisa inoshanduka kune mumvuri wakaoma.

Nzira yekugadzira lentipi?

Iyi nzira haina kuoma. Kutanga iwe unoda kupa huhonye mvura yakadzika inopisa. Izvi zvinokurudzira kukura. Zvadaro kwira mvura kwemaawa masere kusvika gumi nemana. Mushure mekunge nguva iyi, mbesa dzinoshambidzwa uye dzinoiswa panguvo yakakanyiwa. Pamusoro, vanozvifukidza nematanda akawanda ejize uye vanoiswa munzvimbo ine rima. Inofanira kunge ichidziya muimba. Zuva rimwe nerimwe kaviri, lenzi inoshambidzwa. Magema achakura nokukurumidza. Apo urefu hwacho humwechete kana maviri masentimita, unogona kushandisa. Yakawanda mbeu inofanira kuchengetwa mufiriji kwemazuva mashanu, kwete zvakare.

Kuporesa dzimba

Lentils ave kwenguva refu achishandiswa kumishonga. Iine zvinotevera kurapa zvinhu:

• Kukura mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, lentiy inoratidzika nekusavapo kwe nitrates, radionuclides nezvimwe zvinhu zvinotyisa, zvine simba rekusazviunganidza.
• Zvibereko zvaro zvinobatsira mukusimbisa musikana wemwoyo, kuisa pasi maitiro e hematopoiesis.
• Nguva dzose kushandiswa kwezvokudya kubva kune lentiy kunoderedza shuga yeropa. Inokurudzirwa kuisa mune kudya kwevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga.
• Nechironda chechirwere uye chirwere, murwere anorayirwa kudya kwakakosha, kunosanganisira ndiro yekutanga uye yechipiri yakagadzirirwa lentils.
• Mukugadzirwa kwayo, kunyange mushure mekurapa nekutonhora kwakanyanya, zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoramba zviri - isoflavones, zvinotsigira utano hwevakadzi. Vanorwisa kenza masero emuzamu, musaparadzira tumarara.
• Vanhu vanodya lentiri vashoma kunetseka nehutano hwehutano nehutachiona.

Nutritive value

Izvo zvekudya uye mishonga yemishonga yakakonzerwa kwenguva refu muEurope, iyo yakapararira kune kumabvazuva, uko iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira. Izvo zvinokosha zvekudya zvezvirimwa zvinotevera:

• Lentils inogadziriswa kuti ionekwe nemuviri womunhu. Zvakanaka zvakagadzirwa uye zvakagadzirwa. Mapuroteni akakomba uye makhahydrates muhutano hwemhenga anozadza muviri, nzara kwenguva yakareba inopera, kunyange zana zana yemugove ine zvishoma mazana matatu kilocalories.
• Pamusana pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwepuroteni, dzinoshandiswa nyore nyore, nyemba inotsiva nyama. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune chikafu nemishonga. Chikamu chiduku chehairi zuva rimwe nerimwe chinogona kugutsa chido chomunhu chezvinhu zvakadai sa folic acid.
• Mune lentils, mafuta mashomanana, zana emagetsi emugadzirwa ane gramu imwe chete. Ichi chiyero chemafuta hachizowedzererema muviri, asi pfungwa yekusagadzikana, hutano hwakanaka huchapa.

• Lentil inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwezvimwe zvose zvemakemikari epo etafura ye periodic, ine mavitamini emapoka akasiyana. Inowanzogamuchirwa kuti chokoti chete ine serotonin. Hazvina kudaro. Mukuwanda kwazvo, kuumbwa kwejenti kunosanganisira amino acid tryptophan. Mumuviri, inoshandurwa kuva serotonin, iyo inonzi "vitamin yemufaro". Uye kurudyi: psyche inowedzera kugadzikana, munhu ane ruzivo muzvinetso zvinotambudza, kuora mwoyo kunowira nenguva.

Kukanganisa kwemajeri

Pasina mubvunzo, nyemba dzine uwandu hunobatsira uye hunoporesa. Asi vane zvipingamupinyi. Zvakakosha kuramba ndiro kubva kune lentiy kune vanhu vanotambura nezvirwere zvakadai se gout, uracid diathesis, kukanganiswa kwemidziyo nemwoyo, kubatana uye genitourinary system zvirwere, kuwandisa.

Zvirwere nezvirwere

Lentils, kufanana nemamwe mimwe miti, inokonzerwa nehurwere uye zvirwere. Nhairi ishizha remuviri wezvirimwa zvinonzi lentil, nhokwe uye moth. Chimiro chine simba rekuzvidzivirira. Anotambudzika nefusariosis, ascohitosis uye dziya.

Mazano anobatsira

Avo vanoita miriwo, kusanganisira lenti, chero mazano akanaka achaita zvakanaka.

• Pakudyara kwembeu unofanira kutenderera mubhedha. Kuti urege kusiya makiromita akadzika pasi, unogona kushandisa mapuranga. Zvinonongedzwa zvakananga pasi. Havasi kungodzivirira ivhu rakasununguka, asi kunyange rakatsikwa-tsikwa, kupa hukama hwepedyo nembeu.
• Zvibereko zvekumera zviri nani zvakanyoroveswa kwemazuva maviri mune imwe nzira yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirirwa. Mugirazi remvura, isa mabwe mashomanana esilicon uye unomiririra kwemavhiki maviri.
• Kuchengeta mbesa zvakakurumidza kugadziriswa, pods dzakaoma muzuva, dzakaputirwa muhomwe uye dzakakunguruswa. Zvibereko zvinobva zvabudiswa kubva pods.

Kushanda

Lentils inoshandiswa mumabhizimisi ezvekudya. Inogadziriswa mbatata yakasviwa uye masvini anogadzirwa kubva pairi. Kubva penyuchi kubika zviyo zvokutanga, zviyo, kugadzirira saladi, zvinodha, zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete neminiti nezvimwe zvinokonzera. Kunyanya kukoshewa michero inomera inopfuma mu folic acid.