Mufananidzo weLomonosov: tsanangudzo

Mikhail Lomonosov ave achidaidzwa kuti unhu hwemabhuku. Vose vechikoro kubva mudiki vanoziva nezvechiremba wepamusoro kana kunyange nezvekuvapo kwake uye anodzidza chiso chake muchitarisiko.

Mikhail Lomonosov: mufananidzo weusayenzi, wakagadzirwa nemufananidzo wa Schulze

Mumifananidzo ye XVIII yezana, kuvezwa nemifananidzo yevanhu vaida zvikuru. Muzviitiko zvakawanda izvi zvaive zvichienderana nekudiwa kwevanhu kuti vafuratire munhoroondo uye kuti vaudze zvizvarwa zvese ruzivo pamusoro pekuti mafungiro akakurumbira evenguva yavo akatarisa sei. Munhu akadaro seasayenzi akakurumbira, piyona mune zvakawanda masayenzi, encyclopaedist, mudetembi uye munhu akangwara ane simba rinoshamisa romuviri haagoni kuita kunze kwekucherechedzwa kwevanyori.

Mufananidzo weLomonosov vose vanozivikanwa kubva pauduku. Vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti chimiro ichi chinozivikanwa chesayenzi ine zvinyorwa zvakawanda uye dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kunzwisisa ruoko rwemasters. Pakati pemabasa akawanda anofarira vanyori vezvakaitika kare ndeyekunyora mufananidzo weLomonosov, wakanyorwa naMnu Schreier pamufananidzo weaishanda naye uye mudzidzisi H. Schulze.

Kuumbwa kwebasa kunopesana zvishoma neyeTesar, asi unogona kuona kuti Schreier inounza nhamba dzakawanda dzinofadza. Musayendisiti haaiti maoko maviri ari patafura, asi anogara pachivande, achiisa chifuva chake mumusha-wakafanana, slovenly caftan. Mune rumwe ruoko Mikhail Vasilievich anochengeta zvinyorwa, uye mune imwe peni. Kutaura kwake kunopesana nekudzoka kwakanyanya, asi munhu anogona kubata nyora yekushingaira mumaziso ake. Pamberi pemuoni anoonekwa mufananidzo weLomonosov, ndiani anoshanda nepfungwa yekufunga uye panguva imwechete anoedza kugadzirisa zvose zvakanyatsonaka pamapepa. Mabhuku akazaruka pamberi pake anogara mukushanda kwekushanda.

Chokwadi chisingatarisiri pamusoro pekuraving

Ichinyorwa chaSchreier, chinoratidzira mifananidzo yeLomonosov, ine humwe hunyanzvi pamusoro pekuti vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoramba vachichinya ubongo hwavo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti basa rakanyorwa mumifananidzo yeChulze, asi akaberekwa muna 1749, izvo zvisingaenderani nezuva rekuveza - kuguma kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana. Uine tsanangudzo yakazara yemufananidzo, unogona kuona kuti mubhuku rakazaruka mberi-mberi ndiro zita raPeter I, uye kwete Elizabeth, mumazuva ayo Lomonosov aigara. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa zvakagadziriswa mumweya webaroque, kunyange zvazvo kuguma kwezana remakore rechi18 kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nguva apo zvekugadzirwa kwechikoro zvinotungamirirwa kupenda. Pamusana pekusawirirana uku mune zvenyanzvi, kune chirevo chokuti mifananidzo yaLomonosov neSchreier ruoko rwakapfuura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvandudzwa kwayo, uye muenzi iye pachake haana kubvunzana neasayendisiti. Pakutanga, mufananidzo waMikhail Vasilyevich wakasikwa, saka Schulze akaita mufananidzo naye. Pachigumo chekupedzisira, Schreier akasika zita rake rakakurumbira engraving pamagumo echinyorwa chepenicha chemufundisi wake pamwe naye.

Stylistic features of engraving

Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa baroque style mumifananidzo, iyo yakanga isiri nzvimbo muzana remakore rechi18, inotsanangurwa nehutano hwemifananidzo hwakabva kwatiri kubva panguva dzeumambo hweRoma. Sezvo akaisa chinangwa chake chekunyora mutsara unoratidza musayendisiti akakurumbira, Schulze, uye shure kwake, kazhinji, Schreyer akawanawo chimiro chakanaka chemufananidzo, apo Jean-Jacques Rousseau akaratidzwa. Uye, vachizvitora sechikonzero, "vakadyara" musoro waLomonosov pamuviri wefungo. Ndicho chikonzero chinotsanangura kusanzwisisika kwemaitiro ekunyora kweSchreier nemakoni anowanikwa mukupenda pamugumo wezana remakore rechigumi nemana.