Erich Kestner: biography uye zvisikwa zvomunyori

Erich Kestner (1899-1974), munyori weGermany uye anotsoropodza, anobva kuDresden, uyo akawana mukurumbira wake nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvinonakidza zvevana uye nhetembo dzemashoko ane tsvimbo yekunyengera.

Childhood

Nezvemakore ekunyora kwehuduku iwe unogona kudzidza kubva mubasa rake rakanzi "Pandakanga ndiri mukomana muduku". Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvehupenyu zviripo paWebhu, hazvizivikanwi zvakajeka: mukomana akakurira muDresden, uye ava nemakore gumi nemana akapinda mumakadzidzisi edzidzisi. Zvisinei, makore matatu gare gare, nguva pfupi vasati vapedza basa ravo, Erich Kestner akavhiringidza zvidzidzo zvake. Gare gare zviitiko izvi zvicharondedzerwa nemunyori pachake mubhuku rinonzi "Flying Classroom."

Imba iyo mukomana aigara nemhuri yake yakanga iri kuKoenigsbruck Strasse. Iye zvino munharaunda yaro ndiyo musimamende yakatsaurirwa kune munyori pachake. Baba vaKestner vaishanda sechisungo, uye amai vake vakakwanisa kushanya nhatu "mabasa": muranda, muchengeti wemugove uye muchengeti wemicheka.

Murume wechidiki akamuda zvikuru, naizvozvo, kunyange akasiya imba yababa vake nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yekutanga (1917), akaramba achinyora kuna amai vake, kunyora tsamba dzinobata nemapadhikadhi. Manzwiro enyasha kwaari Erich Kestner akatamira kumabasa avo. Uyezve, mafungiro ake haana kuzununguswa kunyange nekuonekwa kwekunyepedzera kuti akanga achibiridzira murume wake nechiremba wemhuri wavo Emil Zimmerman. Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu haruna kusimbiswa, pamwe chete nekufungidzira kuti Erich angave mwanakomana wake.

Makore emakore

Achishevedzwa kuenda kumusasa, jaya racho rakadzidziswa mune rimwe boka rezvombo zvine simba. Izvi zvakaratidza kuva muedzo wakaoma zvikuru kune vechidiki Kestner uye vakatamba basa guru mukuumba maonero ake enyika.

Muhondo, Erich akanyatsoputika, izvo zvakaita kuti kuve nekurwara kwepfungwa mumunyori wemberi. Zvimwe gare gare, chimiro chemugadziri wake mukuru, Sergeant Waurich, chichaonekwa mune imwe yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinopesana nehondo yeGermany neyevanhu vakadaro vanofarira kutsigira mutemo uyu.

Career

Mushure mekupera kwekutanga World Erich, Kestner akanyoreswa kuYunivhesiti yeLeipzig, kwaakasarudza vanhu uye zvidzidzo zvemashoko. Zvisinei, kurovedza kwakanga kusina rusununguko, uye mapepa asina chinhu akaita kuti jaya rifunge pamusoro pekudiwa kwekuwana mari yakawedzerwa, pasinei ne "dhigirii yegoridhe" yaakagamuchira kare.

Somugumisiro, Kestner akaedza zvikuru: kubva kune mutengesi wemweya kuenda kumubatsiri wemushambadzi. Mushure mokudzivirira kusunungurwa kwake muna 1925, Erich akatanga kutapukirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende kuburikidza nekutsoropodza maitirwo emitambo mumutsara weimwe yemapepanhau emunharaunda, asi makore maviri gare gare akadzingwa. Murume uyu wechidiki aipomerwa nehupenzi hwekunyora nhetembo "Evening Song yekamuri virtuoso", ine zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvemashoko.

Anenge pakarepo mushure mokunge zviitiko zvichitsanangurwa, Kestner Erich akatamira kuBerlin kuti arambe achishanda mupepanhau rimwechete, sega se freelancer mubazi rezvemutambo. Munguva iyi, jaya racho rakabata mazita akawanda ezvinyorwa, pasi apa iyo yakabudisa nyaya dzake: Berthold Burger, Melchior Kurtz, Peter Flint naRobert Neuner.

Kusvika iye zvino, yakava kuzivikanwa kuti munguva kubva muna1923 kusvika muna 1933. Kestner akanyora zvinopfuura 350 nenyaya. Chimiro chaiyo hachizivikanwi, sezvo mazhinji emabasa emunyori akaparadzwa nemoto muna 1944.

Mune nguva kubva muna 1926 kusvika muna 1932. Mupepanhau Beyers für Alle vakabuda pasi pemakore mazana maviri ezvinyorwa zvakasiyana nemapuzzles evana vakanyorwa naErich uye vakaparidzirwa pasi pseudheredzi Klaus naClare. Mukuwedzera, murume wacho akanyora nyaya dzake nezvimwe zvinhu mumapepanhau akasiyana-siyana, izvo zvakakurumidza kumuunza mukurumbira mumagariro eBerlin.

Erich Kestner: mabhuku eAnyori

Bhuku rokutanga remunyori, rakabudiswa muna 1928, raiva rehurukuro yezvinyorwa, uyewo zvitatu zvakatevera. Gore rakatevera, mabasa akaonekwa muchirevo chechirevo: chimwe chazvo (inozivana yevana "Emil neVateteki") yakange yakakurumbira kusvika ikozvino. Mafirimu mazhinji uye kunyange maminiti-mutsara akafuridzirwa pamusoro payo, kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvigadziriswe zvakaitwa kugadziro rekutanga yekrini yekona, maererano nezvinodiwa zve nguva iyoyo.

Gare gare mamwe mabasa evana akabudiswa: "Button naAnton", "Flying Classroom", "Two Lottas". Nhoroondo chete yekukosha kubva pakuona kwezvinyorwa zvinyorwa ndeye "Fabian: The History of a Moralist", yakabudiswa muna 1931.

Muna 1933, Erich Kestner, avo mabhuku avo aipiswa sekunyadzisa nekuramba kumweya weGermany, yakabviswa kubva kuVanyori veUnited States mushure menguva yakawanda yekuongororwa muGestapo. Munyori, uyo akasara muBerlin nekuda kwekuzeza kusiya amai vake, pachake akatarisa "moto inoratidza" munzvimbo iyi.

Somugumisiro, kushandiswa kwemabasa ake kwakarambidzwa zvachose muTatu Reich, asi Erich akakwanisa kuzivisa zvinyorwa zvisingatauri zvisingabatsiri muSwitzerland.

Pakupera kwehondo, munyori anonyora bhuku re autobiographical nezvemakore ake ehuduku "Pandakanga ndiri muduku," uye "Little Max" uye "Little Max uye The Little Miss" (1957), yakatsaurirwa mwanakomana waErich.

Basa rokupedzisira Kestner, rakabudiswa muna 1961, richava nhoroondo yake "Notabene 45".

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri

Muna 1944, imba yaKestner yakapiswa nekuda kwebombardment, naizvozvo apo hondo yapera, munyori akatamira kuMunich, kwaakatora nzvimbo inotungamirira mumapazi emapepanhau emunharaunda, akataura paredhiyo uye mune imwe nyanzvi cabaret.

Sezviri pachena, nokuda kwoupenyu hwakaipa zvakadaro, Kestner Erich akanga asati aroorwa, asi aiva naTomasi mwanakomana anodiwa. Munyori akafira mune rimwe remakiriniki eMunich (Neuperlach) munaJuly 1974 uye akavigwa mumakuva eSt. George.