Akaronga weHold Palace muSt. Petersburg

Izvo zvivakwa zvekuchamhembe guta guru reRussia zvakazara nemazita anozivikanwa munyika. Pano, nekuda kwevatongi nevakuru, mbiru dzakadai saRossi, Quarenghi, Rastrelli, Montferrand, Felten, Trezzini nevamwe vazhinji vakasikwa. Ngatitaurirei nezvenhaka yemuvakirwi mukuru weSt. Petersburg, muumbi wekona huru yeguta rino rinokosha, iro guru rePalest Square uye nguva yose yekusika yeainzi anonzi baroque akakura muRussia. Kutaura, hongu, pamusoro peZuva. Ngationei zita remuumbi wayo. Uyu ndiye muumbi weRastrelli. Winter Palace haisi iyo korona chete yebasa remuvakirwi anozivikanwa, asiwo chivakwa chekugadzirwa kwezana remakore gumi nemasere.

Basa rekutanga

Muumbi we Winter Palace akaberekerwa muParis muna 1700, uye baba vake, muvezi weItaly, vakaita zvakawanda kuti vawedzere tarenda iyo pakarepo vakaona nemwanakomana wavo. Ave akadzidziswa muParis, Rastrelli muna 1716, pamwe chete naPapa vakatamira kuRussia. Pakutanga, muumbi wezverwe weHold Palace akashanda semubatsiri kuna baba vake, asi muna 1722 akatanga basa rake mune imwe nyika itsva uye isingabatsiri. Kusvikira pagore ramakumi matatu nemakumi matatu akaenda kuEurope, zvikurukuru kuItaly, Germany, France. Chinangwa chikuru chekufamba uku chinogona kunzi kudzidziswa. Munguva ino, akatora zvakawanda kubva kuEuropean masters, aita maonero ake emutauro weBaroque, uyo usina kunonoka kuzviratidza mumabasa ekutanga akaonekwa mumakore makumi matatu nemasere ezana remakore rechisere.

Nguva yekutanga

Muumbi wehupenyu weHold Palace akaumba zvivako zvehuni zvakasiyana siyana muMoscow muna 1730, zvakagadzwa naAna Ioannovna, uyo akabata chigaro panguva iyoyo. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge umambo hwacho huchibva kubva kuguta guru kusvika kumusoro wekumusoro, muna 1732, Rastrelli akatora basa re Winter Palace, wechitatu mushure, asi kwete yekupedzisira. Mukuwedzera, munguva iyi, dzimba mbiri dzeBiron dzakasikwa. Uye kuda kwake baroque kunowanzowanika zvakajeka mumapurogiramu akaoma uye panguva imwechete mapurogiramu epanguva iyoyo.

Mutambo muPetrohof

Muchiratidzo chetarenda Rastrelli inowira panguva yekusimudzirwa kwesimba raMakress Elizabeth Petrovna. Anogamuchira mitemo yepamutemo yezvikamu zvikuru zvekukosha kwenyika. Mabasa ewa tenzi anoumba chiso cheRussia uye zvigadzirwa zvepasi. Kukwanisa kupera kunofananidzira simba uye pfuma yeumambo. Panzvimbo yeAngenzi Engineering Castle ino, imba itsva yezhizha yekuti mukadzi wekutanga wehurumende ari kukura. Mune nguva kubva muna 1746 kusvika muna 1755, kuburikidza nekuedza kwemuumbi wekugadzira, guru rePeter Peterhof Palace, iro zvino rakakurumbira pasi rose, rinobuda . Kubva muna 1752 kusvika muna 1756 - kwete wechikadzi anonzi Tsarskoe Selo Palace. Mukurumbira wenyika uye ngoni yepamusoro-soro yevahedheni vauya kwaari.

Tsarskoe Selo Palace

Guru, kana Catherine Palace, iri muTsarskoe Selo, inowanzova hurukuro yakasiyana. Nyika inozivikanwa nokuda kwechivakwa ichi yakakonzerwa netarenda inonakidza yomuumbi wekugadzira, uyo akatora chikamu chake. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvezvisikwa zvake, zvichiita kuti tenzi ave korona yehupenyu hwake hwose, shure kwezvose, zvaive shure kwake uyo unyanzvi hwakasikwa mune imwe yenyika yakawanda yakawanda mumamyuziyamu yave ikozvino - Winter Palace muPetersburg. Muumbi wezvivakwa akaisa mukati maro zvose zvakasangana nazvo zvakakonzerwa nenguva iyoyo nepamusoro wetarenda, zvichiguma nechivako chemamiriyoni evashanyi vanoshanya kusvika nhasi.

Winter Palace

Saka, muumbi we Winter Palace akavaka kuvaka kwake muna 1754. Panguva ino, tenzi, atova mumakore uye kwete kungorumbidzwa chete nevakuru vekutsika kwenyika uye zvematongerwe enyika, asiwo ane nguva yekudyidzana nayo, iri kuvaka imwe yezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvekuvakwa kweiyo inonzi Baroque yakakura, iyo, nenzira, iri kutotanga nguva yayo. Chivako chacho chakange chakakwana kupera muna 1762. Izvi zvakaoma chaizvo chaizvo. Mukutaura kwaro ibhokisi rakavharwa rakavharwa nechivanze. Chimiro chinotarisana neCall Square ndicho basa reunyanzvi mukuratidzwa kwayo kwepamusoro.

Kubwinya uye kwechokwadi, kuratidzirwa kwechimiro chechivakwa kunonyanya kusimbiswa. Zviri pachena, iyi ndiyo yaiva mhedziso yevaki vemajira e Winter Palace. Pasi paPetro 1, somuenzaniso, kuzvikudza uku kwakanga kusingabhadharwi kubwinya, asi Erizabheti, mwanasikana wake, aida hupfumi, uye aigara achishamwaridzana naye, kusanganisira mukuvakwa.

Uye Zvose zviri mairi. Zvisungo zviviri (uye iyo inosvika kumakumbo uye imwe iri paPart Square) inoshamisa mukubatana uye kupfuma kwekushongedza, mararamiro, kutaura zvisingatauri kuti madzimambo eRussia anoshandiswa kune zvakanakisisa. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vazhinji vachiri kushanyira kuPeterersburg kuti vaone pachavo zvinhu zvakanakisa zvekare uye zvinyorwa zvakasikwa zvinopfuura makore mazana maviri apfuura.

Makore apfuura

Inofanira kutaurwa kuti panguva yakatarwa nguva yakafanana chiyeuchidzo chakaenzana chekuvakwa kwekanguva kwakasikwa. Iyo yakakurumbira yeSmolny Cathedral yakavakwa muna 1748-1764. Sezvaunoziva, Catherine, uyo akakwira pachigaro choumambo muna 1762, haana kufarira kufungidzira kwekugadzirwa kwebaroque yakakura. Izvi hazvina kunonoka kuchinja chiremera chemaestro aibata simba. Pakutanga iye akangozvirega, ndokuenda kuSwitzerland zvachose, uye haana kumirira kusvikira kuguma kwekuvakwa kwechikwata chake chekupedzisira - Smolny Cathedral. Rastrelli akafa muna 1771, maererano nehumwe uchapupu - muSwitzerland, kune imwe - muRussia. Uku kusava nechokwadi kunowedzera chakavanzika chebasa raive rakangodaro rekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemambo uye zvinyorwa zvepakati peSt. Petersburg.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinyatsojeka, muvakirwi anozivikanwa weWatch Palace akapedza mazuva ake, apo Petro akatanga nzira yake yekusika, uye Catherine paakaipedza. Asi zvisikwa zvake zvichiri kushamisika. Uye, pasinei nezvose, zita remugadziri we Winter Palace rinoramba riri mumazana emakore rimwe remakurukota.