The Sistine Chapel is ... The Sistine Chapel muVatican

Imba yekereke ichechi duku, inotarisirwa kune nhengo dzemhuri imwechete, vagari veimba imwe chete kana imba. MuRussia, shoko rokuti "chapel" dzimwe nguva rinoshandurwa se "chapel", asi izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi zvechokwadi. Hapana aritari mumatumba, mamwe mitemo yechechi haigoni kuitwa ipapo. Apo chechi yacho ichechi yakazara-siyana neine zvikamu zvose zvezviito. I Sistine Chapel muVatican ndiyo yekuvakwa kunonyanya kuzivikanwa kwemhando iyi.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa

The Sistine Chapel yakavakwa muna 1475-1483 pamirairo yaPapa Sixtus IV, ane zita raanenge achine. Uyu pontiyo waiva nharo inopesana. Kune rumwe rutivi, munguva yekutonga kwake, uori uye chiokomuhomwe zvakakwira, zvaiva naye iyo Inquisition yakatangwa, uye kupisa kwepachena kwevanyengeri kwakaitika .

Kune rumwe rutivi, aive akakurumbira mukukurudzira kukura kwesayenzi uye unyanzvi. Akaendesa nzvimbo yepapa kuVatican City uye akaita zvakawanda zvokudzorera nekuvandudza Rome. Pamusoro pake, raibhurari uye musimusi wekutanga wepasi rose yakasvinudzwa, uye Sistine Chapel yakavakwa kuti iite mitambo yakakosha yeChechi yeKaturike. Munzvimbo ino, uye ikozvino mikonzero yevafundisi ichasarudzwa kusarudzwa kwePapa.

Architectural solution

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, masimba pakati pehurumende yechitendero nehurumende yakanga isina kuparadzana zvakakwana, kukakavadzana kwehondo kwakaitwa nguva nenguva. Uye vechechi dzakawanda, vanoendeswa kudarika nemitero yakakwirira, dzimwe nguva vakatya kubudisa pachena kutsamwa kwavo. Munyaya iyi, Papa aida kuva nenzvimbo yakachengeteka muVatican, kwavanogona kuvanza nedare ravo mumatambudziko uye munguva dzinotambudza.

Kupotera kwakadaro pakuda kwaSixtus IV yaiva Sistine Chapel. Chivako chino kubva kunze chinofanira kuva nechitarisiko chenhare, uye mukati mechikomba chinyatsosimbisa hukuru nesimba rehurumende yepapa.

Kuti agadzirise zvinetso izvi, muumbi wekugadzira kubva kuFlorence Giovanni de Dolci akakokwa. Akavaka chivakwa, chakaita sechinhu chinotaridzika muchimiro, uye akatarisa mufambiro wependipi mukati.

I Sistine Chapel isiri duku duku (inharaunda yacho iri 520 mamiriyoni chete), mutsara wakagadzikana, uye yakakwirira (kureba 21 m) denga rakakwirira. Ukuru hwake, maererano neurongwa hweSixtus IV, hwakafanana nekuenzana kwetemberi yakaisvonaka yaSoromoni, temberi yekutanga yeJerusarema.

Inongo yekumusoro

Muna 1480, Sixtus IV akakoka vanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru panguva iyo kuti vape mapeji. Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Girlondayo, Luca Signorelli, Pietro Perugino uye wechiduku Pinturicio vakapinda mubasa.

Zvakatora artists makore maviri kuti vape mapurisa echitendero. Mukati wepakati aiva nemifananidzo yemifananidzo kubva muupenyu hwaMosesi naJesu Kristu. Muchikamu chepamusoro, mumakumbo pakati pemahwindo, maiva nemifananidzo yemapapa ekutanga, kubva kunaSt. Peter kusvika kuna Marcellus I. Muchengeti wezasi wakagara wakasiyiwa kuti atumire regalia yepontiff.

Pamusoro peatari yaiva fresco yebasa raPerugino "Kukwidzwa kweMhandara Mariya." Denga racho rakave rakashongedzwa nedenga rakazara neredzi. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinozivikanwa nesu chete muzvitsanangudzo, kubva pamakumi emakumi emakore mushure mekuvhurwa kwechitendero, ivo vakatsiviwa nemafrescoes naMichelangelo.

Icho chidimbu cheSistine Chapel chaMichelangelo

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 kukanganisa kwakaonekwa pachigadziko cheSistine Chapel, ichipfuura nekureba kwayo yose. Papa Julius II akarayira kuifukidza uye akarayira Michelangelo, uyo aishanda panguva imwe chete pamusoro pezvifananidzo zveguva ramangwana remuponi, kuti avhare denga nemafrescoes.

Michelagelo Buonarroti, akaberekerwa mugore reSistine Chapel (1475), muna 1508 akanga atova mufananidzo wakaisvonaka. Asi mifananidzo yakaisvonaka yaiva yebhizimisi risina kujairika. Akaedza munzira dzose dzekudzivisa basa iri, asi Julius II akakwanisa kuomerera oga. Nokudaro, zita rakakurumbira Sistine Chapel rakagamuchira fomu yakagadzirwa. Tsanangudzo, nhoroondo yekusika frescoes yakange iri nyaya yekutsvakurudza kwezvizvarwa zvizhinji zvezvenhau dzakaitika kare.

Chikamu chepamusoro chechivharo chinosangana nenyaya 9 dzinopindirana dzeTesitamende Yekare, pakati pavo "Mafashamo", "Kuwa", zviitiko zvekusika kwevanhu vokutanga (Adhamu naEvha) nevamwe. Pakuyera kwemafrescoes aya, munyori akaratidza vaporofita neSibyl, uye kune rumwe rutivi rwechitsiko, vatungamiri vaJesu Kristu. Pose, mazita anodarika mazana matatu akafananidzirwa, ayo nhasi anokunda nesimba ravo uye kunaka kwepanyama.

Vanotsvakurudza havangakwanisi kusvika pakutsanangurwa kusinganzwisisiki kwezvifananidzo izvi. Vamwe vanoona kududzirwa kweBhaibheri kwezviri mukati mavo, vamwe kutsanangurwa kutsva kwemasimba eDantean "Comedy Divine," asi vamwe vanotenda kuti Michelangelo akaisa zvikamu zvekukwira kwevanhu kubva kuchivi chekutanga kuenda kuchigamba cheTitanism uye kukwana kwaMwari.

Fresco "The Last Judgment"

Makore makumi maviri nemaviri gare gare, Michelangelo akakumbirwa zvakare kuzoshanda pakurongeka kweSistine Chapel. Muna 1534, Papa Clement VII akamuraira kupora rusvingo pamusoro peatari. Somugumisiro, fresco "The Last Judgment" yakasikwa, iyo vatsoropodzi vanodana imwe yevanyanyisa muzvinyorwa zvenyika yepasi.

Panguva ino munyori akaratidzwa murume asina simba uye asingabatsiri mukutarisana nenjodzi iri pedyo. Kubva kune imwe yekare kutenda mune hukuru uye runako rwevanhu pane pasina. Muchiitiko che "Last Judgment" hapana humwe humwe humwe-hunosimbisa kana kuyemura unhu.

Jesu pachake ari pakati. Asi chiso chake chinotyisa uye chisingagoneki. Maoko ake akanyaira muchitsiva chekurova. Zviso zvevaapositori zvakakomberedza Kristu kumativi ose zvinozarawo nehasha. Mumaoko avo, vane zvigaro zvekutambudzwa, izvo zvisingaregi zvakanaka kune vatadzi vakatiza pamberi pavo.

Kupera kwemafuro nekudzorera mabasa

Sistine Chapel - ichi ndicho chiyeviso chikuru chekuvepa kwemazuva ano. Asi gare gare kuchinjwa uye mifananidzo yakakosha huchapupu hwezvemangwana.

Chiitiko che "Kutonga Kwokupedzisira" nemhando dzakawanda dzisina kupfeka kubva pakutanga chaiye zvakagamuchirwa zvakagamuchirwa nevafundisi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Papa Pauro IV akarayira mudzidzi weMikhelagelo - de Volterra kuti afukidze nzvimbo dzepedyo dzezvifananidzo zvakaratidzwa nemicheka, uye Clement VIII akarayira kuparadzwa kwemuzinda wose. Zvaive zvichikwanisa kuponesa iye oga chete kuburikidza nemunyengetero wevanyori. Miedzo yekuchera nguo yakagadzirwawo mumazana eXVII-XVIII.

Somugumisiro, apo boka reongororo rakatanga basa rokudzorera pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20 , vakatarisana nechinetso chakakomba - iyo shanduro yemufananidzo inofanira kudzorerwa. Zvakasarudzwa kubva pamabhandi akaiswa pevoltaire pamagumo ezana remakore rechi16, uye kubvisa zvigadziro zvakasara.

Mushure mekuchenesa frescoes kubva kune soot uye guruva, zvakare vakapenya mavara akajeka. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuona mifananidzo iri mufananidzo mavakanyorerwa nevatenzi vakuru veKutanga.

Kupindura mubvunzo kuti chii chiri chapeleri, inofanira kutaurwa kuti shoko iri rinoshandiswa kwete kungoreva chechi chitendero. Nzvimbo yechitendero inzvimbo muchechi yepamusoro apo kune vaimbi, mimhanzi kana kuimba kuimba vachiita mimhanzi yekunamata, kana kunyange chikwata chemimhanzi, chakadai seC Academic Chapel (St. Petersburg, Moika, kuburitsa, 20).