Michelangelo: chirongwa uye biography

Michelangelo Buonarroti inofungidzirwa nevakawanda kuti vave vanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru muItaly Renaissance. Pakati pemabasa ake anozivikanwa ndeye zvifananidzo "David" uye "Pieta", frescoes yeSistine Chapel.

Tenzi asingatenderwi

Basa raMichelangelo Buonarroti rinogona kurondedzerwa muchidimbu sechinhu chinoshamisa pane zvose zvehutano hwemazuva ose - sezvaakaongororwa munguva yehupenyu hwake, saka ramba uchifungidzirwa nhasi. Mune mimwe yemabasa ake mukupenda, kuvezwa uye maumbirwo emapuranga ndevamwe vanozivikanwa zvikuru munyika. Kunyange zvazvo frescoes padenga reSistine Chapel muVatican ingangodaro mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru emunyori, pakutanga kwezvose akazviona somuvezi. Basa rezvikoro zvakawanda munguva yake rakanga risina kujairika. Zvose zvaive zvakafanana nemufananidzo. Michelangelo hupenyu hwake hwose huchishanda mumifananidzo ye marble, uye mamwe maitiro oumhizha mune dzimwe nguva. Nhamba yakakwirira yeSistine Chapel iri muchikamu chekufungisisa kwakanyanya kwakabhadharwa pakupenda muzana remakore rechi20, uye chikamu chechikonzero chekuti vazhinji vemabasa edzidzisi vakaramba vasina kupera.

Chimwe chikamu chemashoko eupenyu hwaMichelangelo weupenyu hwaive tsanangudzo yakajeka yemugwagwa wake kupfuura chero imwe nyanzvi yenguva iyoyo. Akava chiyero chekutanga mumashiripiti, ane biography yakabudiswa kunyange asati afa, paiva nevamwe vaviri vavo. Yokutanga yaiva chitsauko chekupedzisira chebhuku pamusoro pehupenyu hwevanyori (1550), mufananidzo uye muumbi weGiorgio Vasari. Yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna Michelangelo, uyo basa rake rakaratidzwa sechokuguma kwehutano hwehutano. Pasinei nokurumbidzwa kwakadaro, akanga asina kunyatsogutsikana uye akarayirirwa mubatsiri wake Askanio Condivi kunyora bhuku rakaparadzana (1553), zvichida rakabva pamashoko omunyori. Mariri, Michelangelo, basa re tenzi rinoratidzwa nzira yaaida kuti vamwe vaone. Mushure mekufa kweBuonarroti Vasari mune yechipiri shanduro (1568) yakabudisa kupomera. Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzinosarudza bhuku raCondivi kusvika kurondedzero yeupenyu hwaVasari, kukosha kwechirevo chekupedzisira sechose uye kushandiswa kwaro kakawanda mumitauro yakawanda kwakaita kuti basa rive ruzivo rwemashoko pamusoro peMichelangelo nemamwe maArenaissance artists. Kubwinya kwaBuonarroti kwakaguma nekuchengetedza magwaro akawanda, kusanganisira mazana eetsamba, zvinyorwa uye nhetembo. Zvisinei, pasinei nekuwanda kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, chete pfungwa yeMichelangelo pachake inowanzozivikanwa mumakakatanwa.

Short biography uye zvisikwa

Muvepeti, muvezi, muumbi uye mudetembi, mumwe wevanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru vekuRitenha kweItaly akazvarwa pasi pezita rokuti Michelangelo di Ludovico Buonarroti Simoni musi waMarch 6, 1475 muKaprese, Italy. Baba vake, Leonardo Di Buanarotta Simon, vakashanda sematareji mumusha muduku kwechinguva chiduku, apo wechipiri wevashanu vanakomana vakabuda nemudzimai wake Francesca Neri, asi vakadzokera kuFlorence apo Michelangelo achiri achiri mwana. Nemhaka yekurwara kwaamai vake, mukomana akaregererwa kuti ave nedzidzo mumhuri yemasoni, iyo muvezi mukuru akazonyora kuti nemukaka wemukoti wemvura akanga atora nyundo uye chisel.

Zvechokwadi, chidzidzo chacho chakanga chisina kufarira kuMichelangelo. Basa revanyori mumachechi akavakidzana uye kudzokorora kwezvaakaona ikoko, maererano nevatungamiri vake vezvakaitika kare, vakamuswededza zvakanyanya. Imwe shamwari yechikoro chaMichelangelo, Francesco Granacchi, uyo aiva nemakore matanhatu kupfuura iye, akaudza shamwari yake kumudzidzisi Domenico Ghirlandaio. Baba vakaziva kuti mwanakomana wavo akanga asina hanya nebhizinesi yemari yemhuri uye akabvumirana kuti ape iyo pazera remakore gumi nemapfumbamwe seanodzidzira kune mufananidzo wemafashamo Florentine. Ikoko akazoziva nzira ye fresco.

The Medici Gardens

Michelangelo akapedza gore rimwe chete mu studio, paakanga ane mukana wakasiyana. Pakukurudzirwa kweGirlandaio, akatamira kuimba yamambo Florentine mutongi Lorenzo the Magnificent, mumiririri ane simba wemhuri yeMedici, kuti adzidze zvigadzirwa zvekare muminda yake. Yaiva nguva yakaorera yeMichelangelo Buonarroti. Biography uye zvisikwa zvemuvambi wekutanga zvakaratidzwa neavo vanozivana nevakuru veFlorence, mufananidzo wezvibairo Bertholdo di Giovanni, vanyori vakakurumbira, masayendisiti uye vanhu venguva iyo. Buonarroti akagamuchirawo ruzivo rwakakosha kubva kuchechi kuti aongorore zvitunha zvekudzidza nezvemaitiro, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvaiva nemigumisiro yakaipa pahutano hwake.

Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu izvi kwakagadzirisa chikonzero chekuonekwa kweMichelangelo: musimba yakanyatsogadziriswa uye kwechokwadi kunobatanidzwa pamwe nekunaka kwakanaka. Zvinyorwa zviviri zvakasara zviri pasi, "The Battle of Centaurs" uye "Madonna paSiteirwo," inopupurira tarenda yake yakasiyana-siyana pazera remakore gumi nemaviri.

Kubudirira kwekutanga uye simba

Hondo yezvematongerwo enyika mushure mekufa kwaLoirzo Magnificent akamanikidza Michelangelo kuti atizire kuBoli Bologna, kwaakaramba achidzidza. Akadzokera kuFlorence muna 1495 ndokutanga kushanda seveve muvezi, achikwereta chimiro kubva kunyanzvi dzekare zvekare.

Kune zvinyorwa zvitsva zvebhuku rinonakidza pamusoro pezvakavezwa zveMichelangelo "Cupid", iyo yakaitwa nemaitiro kuti ione seasati inoshandiswa kare. Rimwe bhuku rinotaura kuti munyori uyu aida kuzadzisa izvi zvichiita patina, uye maererano nezvimwe, mupi wake wezvokutengesa akaisa basa kuti apiwe zvekare.

Cardinal Riacario San Giorgio akatenga "Cupid", achifunga nezvechifananidzo chakadaro, uye akakumbira kudzorera mari yake paakaona kuti akanga anyengerwa. Mukupedzisira, mutengi anonyengerwa akashamiswa nebasa raMichelangelo zvokuti akabvumira muenzi wacho kusiya mari yega. Mutoriyori akamutumira kuRoma, uko Buonarroti aigara ndokushanda kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake.

"Pieta" uye "David"

Nenguva ishure mushure mokunge aenda kuRoma muna 1498, basa rake rakasimudzirwa neumwe kadhidheni, Jean Bilard de Lagrola, mutumwa wepapa weFrance King Charles VIII. Mifananidzo yaMichelangelo "Pieta", iyo inoratidzira Maria akabata Jesu akafa pamabvi ake, akapedzwa mugore risati rapera uye akaiswa mutemberi pamwe neguva rekadhidheni. Iyo yakafara mamita 1.8 m uye inenge yakareba yakakwirira, chifananidzo chacho chakaendeswa kashanu, kusvikira chawana nzvimbo yazvino muSt. Peter's Cathedral muVatican.

Yakagadzirwa kubva pachikamu chimwe cheCarrara marble, yakavezwa nekusvibiswa kwechigadziko, nzvimbo yezvidzidzo uye "kufamba" kweganda rePieta (iro rinoreva "tsitsi" kana kuti "tsitsi") rakaderedza kutya kwevatariri vavo vekutanga. Nhasi iyi ibasa rinoshamisa rinoremekedzwa. Michelangelo akazviumba paaiva nemakore 25 chete.

Nhoroondo yacho ndeyokuti munyori, paakanzwa hurukuro pamusoro pechinangwa chekupa basa kune mumwe muvezi, akatsunga kuisa chiratidzo chake pabhoni pabhokisi raMaria. Iri ndiro basa chete rine zita mairi.

Pakazosvika Michelangelo kudzokera kuFlorence, akanga atova mukurumbira. Muvezi akawana murairo wechifananidzo chaDavid, icho vaviri vanyori vekare vakaedza kubudirira, uye vakashandura chikamu chemamita mashanu chemarubhi kuti vave munhu mukuru. Simba rematope, usiri hunotambudza, hutano hwemashoko uye ushingi huzhinji hwakaita "David" chiratidzo cheFlorence.

Art and Architecture

Mimwe mirairo yakatevera, kusanganisira chirongwa chekuda chinzvimbo cheguva raPapa Julius II, asi basa rakakanganiswa apo Michelangelo akakumbirwa kubva kubva mufananidzo kusvika pakupenda kuti afukidze denga reSistine Chapel.

Iyo purogiramu yakaita kuti pfungwa dzomunyori dzifunge, uye chirongwa chepakutanga chekunyorera vaapositori gumi nemaviri chakashandurwa kuva mifananidzo inopfuura 300. Gare gare basa iri rakabviswa zvachose nekuda kwefungus iri mudanda, ndokubva radzorerwa. Buonarroti akadzinga vese vatsigiri vaaifunga kuti havana kugutsikana, uye akapedzisa mufananidzo wemamita mamita 65 kubva padenga, achipedza maawa asingagumi ari kumusana kwake uye achishingaira kurinda basa rake kusvika pakupera kwaOctober 31, 1512.

Basa rakanaka reMichelangelo rinogona kutsanangurwa muchidimbu sezvinotevera. Iyi ndiyo muenzaniso unopfuura wepamusoro unyanzvi hwekudzoka kwemazuva ano hune zviratidzo zvechiKristu, uporofita uye hutsika hwevanhu hunoshandiswa na tenzi munguva yehuduku hwake. Vignettes yakachena pamusoro pedenga reSistine Chapel inobereka kareidoscope effect. Chimiro chakakosha zvikuru ndeyekugadzirwa kwe "Creation Adam", kuratidza Mwari kubata munhu nemunwe wake. Muimbi weRoma, Raphael, sezviri pachena, akachinja maitiro ake mushure mekuona basa iri.

Michelangelo, ane biography nebasa rakaramba richibatanidzwa nekuvezwa nekukwevera, nekuda kwekushingaira kwepanyama panguva yekupenda kwechitendero, akamanikidzwa kutarisa maitiro ekugadzira.

Tenzi akaenderera mberi kushanda paguva raJulius II mumakumi emakore akatevera. Akagadzirawo imba yeMedici uye raibhurari yaLaurentzin, yakatarisana neBasilica yeSan Lorenzo muFlorence, iyo yaive yekuvakira mabhuku eimba yeMedici. Izvi zvivako zvinoonekwa sechinhu chinotendeuka munhoroondo yekuvakwa. Asi kubwinya korona yaMichelangelo munharaunda iyi kwaive basa romukuru mukuru weSt. Peter's Cathedral muna 1546.

Kurwisana kweunhu

Michelangelo akabudisa "Kutonga Kwokupedzisira" kunosimudza pamadziro akareba eSistine Chapel muna 1541. Pakarepo mazwi echibvumirano akanzwika - mifananidzo yakasviba yakanga isiri panzvimbo ye nzvimbo tsvene yakadai, kudana kwakagadzirwa kuti kuparadza fresco yakakura yeKutarisa kweItaly. Uyu muongorori akabvuma nekuisa mifananidzo mutsva mukugadzirisa: tsananguro yake huru nenzira yedhiyabhorosi uye iye pachake seStart Bartholomew akazorodzwa.

Pasinei nekubatana uye kuratidzirwa kwevanhu vakapfuma uye vane simba muItaly, avo vakapa pfungwa dzakanaka uye tarenda yose yeMichelangelo, hupenyu uye basa ra tenzi zvakange zvakakwana nevashuwo vasingadi. Akanga ari jongwe uye akakurumidza kutsamwa, izvo zvaiwanzoita kukakavadzana, kusanganisira nevatengi vake. Izvi hazvina kungomunetsa dambudziko, asi zvakare zvakagadzirisa manzwiro okusagutsikana naye - munyori aigara achitsvaka kukwana uye aisakwanisa kutengesa.

Dzimwe nguva pamwe naye, pane zvikamu zvekunyangarika, zvakasiya chiratidzo pamabasa ake akawanda ekunyora. Michelangelo akanyora kuti ari mukutambudzika kukuru uye kushanda, kuti haana shamwari, uye havadi iye, uye kuti haana nguva yakakwana yekudya zvakakwana, asi izvi zvinotambudza zvinomuunza mufaro.

Muhuduku hwake, Michelangelo akanga achinyengedza mumwe waaidzidza naye uye akapinda pamhino, iyo yakamushatisa upenyu. Mumakore ose aya, akawana kukura kubva mubasa rake, mune imwe yetsamba yakarondedzera basa rakawanda raaifanira kuita kuti akodze denga reSistine Chapel. Mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika muFlorence wake waanodawo akamutambudza, asi muvengi wake akakurumbira aiva muenzi we Florentine Leonardo da Vinci, uyo aiva nemakore makumi maviri ari mukuru.

Mabasa ezinyorwa uye hupenyu hwehupenyu

Michelangelo, uyo basa rake rairatidzwa mumifananidzo yake, mifananidzo nemapurani, mumakore ake akwegura akabatanidzwa munhetembo.

Nokudaro asati amboora, Buonarroti akatengeswa kune chirikadzi inonamata uye inokudzwa inonzi Vittoria Colonna - kune addressee anopfuura mazana matatu emidembo yake nemanoni. Ushamwari hwavo hwakatsigira zvikuru Michelangelo kusvika pakufa kweColonna muna 1547. Muna 1532 tenzi akauya kune mukuru wechidiki Tommaso de'Cavalieri. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vachiri kukakavadzana pamusoro pekuti hukama hwavo hwaive hwehukama hwechikadzi kana kuti akawana manzwiro ababa.

Rufu uye nhaka

Mushure mekurwara kwenguva pfupi panaFebruary 18, 1564 - masvondo mashomanana vasati vaberekwa 89 - Michelangelo akafa mumba make muRoma. Muzukuru wacho akaendesa mutumbi kuna Florence, uko airemekedzwa se "baba uye tenzi wezvose zvesayenzi," ndokumuviga muBasilica di Santa Croce, apo muvezi iye pachake akateterera.

Kusiyana nevanyori vakawanda, basa raMichelangelo rakamuunza mukurumbira uye pfuma munguva yehupenyu hwake. Akanga anewo ruzivo rwakakwana kuti aone kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zviviri zvezvinyorwa zvekunyorwa naGiorgio Vasari naAscanio Condivi. Kukoshesa kwepamusoro kwehutano Buonarroti ane mbiri yekare, uye zita racho rave rakafanana neRitalian Renaissance.

Michelangelo: zvinhu zvekusika

Kusiyana nekuzivikanwa kukuru kwebasa remuenzi, maonero avo ekuonekwa kwezvenhau ishoma. Izvi hazvikwanisi kutsanangurwa nekusada kutevedzera mabasa aMichelangelo nekuda kwekurumbira wake, sezvo ainyanya kutevedzwa netarenda rake raRafafa. Zvinokwanisika kuti imwe, inenge inenge cosmic scale, rudzi rwekutaura kweBuonarroti kuisa zvishoma. Mienzaniso yekuti inenge yakakwana kunyora ndeye vashomanana chete. Vane tarenda akawanda aiva mufananidzo Daniele da Volterra. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukanganisa mune unyanzvi hweMichelangelo wakawana kuenderera mberi. Muzana remakore re XVII. Aionekwa sekanakisisa mumufananidzo wevanhu, asi akanga asingadi kurumbidzwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakanyanyisa zvebasa rake. Mannerists akashandisa kushandiswa kwepakati uye kugadzirisa kwechimiro chemufananidzo wake "Kukunda." Mudzidzisi weXIX yezana remakore. Auguste Rodin akashandisa zvakashata zvekuvhara marble matombo. Vamwe vatenzi vezana remakore XVII. Baroque style yakakopikira, asi kuti irege kubvisa kufanana. Mukuwedzera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini naPeter Paul Rubens vanonyatsoratidzwa kuti vangashandise sei basa raMichelangelo Buonarroti nezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvevanyori uye vanyori.