Inyanzvi-yemaitiro matsva mumapurani, kuveza uye mukati. Unyanzvi-hunoonekwa sei mukugadzirwa, kupora kana kurongedza?

Mitsara yakajeka, maitiro asinganzwisisiki uye mashizha emhuka - kuitira kuti iwe unogona kuratidza unyanzvi hwemaitiro itsva, izvo zvakaita kuti nyika yose yeEurope ive kunopera kwegumi nemapfumbamwe uye kutanga kwemazana makumi maviri. Iko pfungwa huru yehutungamiri uhwu hupenyu hunopindirana nezvakasikwa. Ikozvino yakave yakakurumbira zvokuti yakagamuchira mabasa ose ekusika.

Kuti zvose zvakatanga sei

Kwemazuva mazhinji vamiririri vezvigadzirwa zvekusika mumabasa avo vakanyora maitiro ezvakaitika zvekare. Izvi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaita kuti kuderera uye dambudziko. Uye zvino pakupera kwemazana maviri emakore maonero matsva emifananidzo anoonekwa, ayo munyika dzakasiyana-siyana agamuchira mazita akasiyana-siyana - art nouveau, velde tsika, modernism, modernism, secession, Tiffany style. Ichokwadi, maonero akadaro haana kumutswa ari oga. Unyanzvi hweJapan hwakave hwakakosha.

Muna 1856 mutungamiri wechiFrench Felix Braccon aifadzwa nezvirairo zveJapan pamatehwe. Zvinoshamisa zvisikwa, vakadzi vakanatswa, yechitendero chezuva ... Yakapfurikidza muvepi kuti aumbe zvinyorwa zvachose zvitsva, uko maitiro akakomberedzwa uye mashizha ezviko anotonga. Rusununguko rwemhando uye mavara, zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvipfeko zvepasms zvakakurumidza kuonekwa mumabasa evamwe vanyori.

Muna 1890, muEngland, sangano rinoparadzira unyanzvi hutsva, hunofanirwa kurongedzwa, runoberekwa. Yakagadzirirwa zvikoro zvakakwana vateveri ve "itsva style" kana, sezvazvinonzi, art nouveau.

Mukuwirirana nemasikirwo

Nenguva pfupi pfungwa dze "chimiro chitsva" dzinopinda nemasters kwete kwete chete, asiwo maumbirwo, mukati mekushongedza, zvishongo zvezvishongo.

Rimwe nerimwe remitemo rine zvarinoreva, asi kunewo zvinhu zvakajairika:

• Kusarura kwemigwagwa yakarurama nemakumbo.
• Kurongeka maumbirwo, hakuna uroyi mune geometry.
• Zvisikwa zvemavara uye mavara: ganda, tsvuku, ruvara, bhuruu, ndarama, sirivha.
• Muzvose pane zvinhu zvinomera - mapazi, mizambiringa, uswa, maruva. Chiratidzo chikuru chemaitiro ndiyo maruva cyclamen mune zvose zvinoratidzwa.
• Chimiro mumatanda evamiriri vemhuka.
• Chitendero chemukadzi ane vhudzi refu.
• Shandisa mubasa rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Creativity

Art itsva kune vavakadzi vazhinji "vakasunungura maoko avo" maererano nekutaura. Makirasiki uye maitiro akajeka akasvika mberi. Chinhu chikuru muhutori ndiyo nzira itsva, maonero ayo emasikirwo nemunhu. Pasi nekutevedzera! Basa rakawanda rinoitwa nenzira iyi rakasiyana chaizvo zvokuti pakutanga kuona zvakaoma kutaura kuti iyi ibasa romunhu ...

Ima Art style mukatikati

Kugadzirwa kwedzimba, imba kana dacha, inoitwa nenzira iyi, ichasangana nevanhu vanogadzira uye vasiri vanhuwo zvavo vanoda mararamiro muzviratidzo zvose.

Kunyanya kusimbiswa mukati memukati ndekushayikwa kwemigwagwa yakarurama uye kunyange makona emakamuri. Izvo zvose zvinoratidzwa uye zvakavharwa. Mawindo, masuo nemasuwo marefu zvakapoteredza uye akashongedza nemhando yekunaka.

Zvishongedzo zvemaitiro emifananidzo itsva - vakadzi vakanatswa, vachiyeuchidza nezvemaharama, zvikamu zvehupenyu nemhuka - zvinokodzera kubwinya semakamuri ekugara uye makamuri evana, uye dzimba dzokugeza uye makikoni.

Zvinyorwa zvekunyora zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Inogona kuva kusanganiswa kwesimbi, mabwe, matanda. Yakanyatsopindira mukati megirazi regirazi, kunyanya matte kana kuti girazi yakasvibiswa. Madziro mumakamuri anowanzoitwa pamatanho akasiyana. Nzvimbo yemoto (yakasikwa kana kutevedzera) inofanira kuvapo.

Nyora munhoroondo

Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvenyaya yekunze: kuenzanisira pamusoro pedenga, masitepisi uye maberere, pamwe chete nezvinhu - marambi, zvidhori, marambi ematanda. Kunyatsoteerera kunobhadharwa kune maitiro asinganzwisisiki ezvioni uye firiji huru ine zvese zvakapoteredzwa, yakarongedzwa nemaruva uye mashizha. Simba rinofanirwa kusimbisa chinangwa chikuru chemugadziri - reunion pamwe nemasikirwo. Mabasa eEugene, Galli, Louis Majorelle, Victor Prouve akasiyana mune zvepakutanga uye maitiro.

Art Nouveau mukati mekunze yakagadzirirwa zvakakwana, uko zvinhu zvose uye zvinyorwa zvinowirirana. Hapana humwe humwe hupenzi uye kupenya, hukama hwakadzikama hunotenderera.

New Architecture

Kupindira kwemavara mukati mekuvakwa kwakakonzera kuonekwa kwehupfumi hwekuvaka hutsva. Shandisa zvinhu zvakadai segirasi nesimbi, yakasimbiswa krete, yakatarisana nekeramiki. Aida kushandisa zvivako zvemuumbi - masitepisi, matanda, mabhakoni, matanda ematanda, masango. Denga dzinogadzirwa nenzira yezvipfigiro, bend, kuputika, makanda. Masvingo nemahwindo zvakashongedzwa nemafungiro nemakona. Kunyanya kutarisa kunotarirwa kuenzanisira pamadziro nenzira yezvinomera uye vakadzi vane vhudzi rakasununguka.

Nzira-yemaitiro matsva mukugadzirwa kwezvivakwa inozivikanwa kunyika kuburikidza nemabasa aVictor Ora (iye akatanga kushandisa pfungwa dzemaitiro pakuvaka). Kutakura zvivako zvesimbi, akazviita nenzira yezvirimwa, izvo zvisina kungoita kuti zvive nehanya, asiwo zvakakonzera kufara.

Vanozivikanwa nesu kupinda mumasvingo emasvingo vakaona nyika nekuda komugadziri Etoru Guimaru. Nheyo imwechete yakashandiswa kuvaka mavheti akavharwa nemakwikwi emhemberero. Kazhinji chimiro chemazuva iwayo chainziwo "Metro style".

Zvose zvivako zvepanguva iyoyo hazvigoni kunzi vanhu-vakagadzirwa, naizvozvo zvinowirirana ivo vanowirirana mune zvakasikwa.

Jewelery art

Chirwere chinoshamisa chakanzwisiswa mukati mekupedzisira kwegumi nemapfumbamwe nematombo. Ichokwadi ndeyekuti zvishongo zvakashandiswa zvinodhura, zvesirivha. Uye, zvechokwadi, zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvakanga zviripo chete kune chidimbu chekuita zvakanaka kwevanhu. Kuedza kwezvishongo zvekushandisa kushandisa mumabasa avo zvakaderera zvakanyanya hazvina kuvezwa korona nekubudirira, uye kunyanya-kwakatungamirira pakuderera kwechigadzirwa.

Kubudirira kweunyanzvi hwaihwo hwaienderana nebasa reCzech mucheri uye munyori Alfons Mucha. Zvishongo zvacho zvakafuridzirwa nemishonga isina kujairika iyo Alphonse akapfekedza vakadzi pamapadhipu avo. Nenguva isipi akatanga kutanga mifananidzo yezvishongo kuti agadzire. Mamwe acho mabasa eParisean jeweler yakaisvonaka Georges Fouquet. Basa rake rinozivikanwa zvikuru pamifananidzo yeFly ibheti iri mufananidzo wenyoka.

Kubvira panguva iyo, mari yezvishongo haisi kukoshesa, asi unyanzvi hwekugadzira, hunangwa hwekugadzirira. Munzvimbo yemadhaimani anodhura anouya sematombo anokosha - opals, tourmaline, chalcedony, aquamarines. Nzira yaidiwa yakanga iri enamel.

Zvishongo zvishongo zvinotora pane unhu hunowedzera. Pakati pemafungiro - zvinyorwa zvakasikwa: maruva, zvipembenene, mhuka uye zvinokambaira.

Nyasha dzinofadza uye dzinofadza

Nzira iyi chete ndiyo inogona kuratidza mufananidzo weArt Nouveau nguva. Chirongwa, chinoratidzwa pamigodhi, chinokurudzira nehupenyu hwayo uye unhu husingagari. Pfungwa huru yemabasa evanoshandiswa ndiwo mutumbi wechikadzi ane mazamu akapoteredza, bvudzi rakasununguka uye kunaka kunoshamisa. Chido uye unyoro, kutsamwiswa uye kushushikana, kufara uye kusava nemhosva - mazhinji manzwiro emit emifananidzo-art!

Kuimba kwekunaka kwevakadzi kwakasvika mushure mekuonekwa kwepaimirasi uye mapepa emunyori weCzech - A. Mukha. Kwemazuva akawanda akagara mumumvuri, akazozviratidza pachake seane chokwadi chebasa rake! Mhinduro yebasa rake yaiva basa raVoller, Klimt, Hoffmann, Gauguin, Denny nevamwe vanyori vanozivikanwa. MuRussia, mufananidzo we "new style" unomiririrwa nemifananidzo yeP. Bonnard, M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, K. Somov.

Mitsva inoratidzirwa mukadzi muchero nezvisikwa zvisina kujairika. Zvakanyatsojeka iwe unogona kutevedzera tsika dzezuva - mumabasa akawanda mamiriro acho ezvinhu anotamiswa nenzira yechikwata chakashongedzwa nemaruva. Usarega uye zvose zvakafanana zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo: mahokoni nemapikoko, mashizha nemaruva, mashizha nemafungu. Kunyatsoteerera kwakabhadharwa kuumba, kwete kugutsikana.

Art Nouveau Catering

Izwi re "catering" rakaratidzwa munguva pfupi uye munguva dzakawanda zvakasara zvakajeka. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvose zvakavanzika uye zvisingazwisisiki zvinoreva. Kubva muchirungu chekuChirungu kunoshandurwa se "chikafu chekudya" uye inzvimbo yekuchengetedza yemabiko uye zviitiko. Mune mamwe mazwi - kunze kwemasuo yekutengesa. Kubika, kushumira, kushumira uye kushumira zvino kwave kuwanika kunze kwezvokudya zvekudya.

Makambani ekuchengetera - iyi ndiyo kujekesa uye kubatana kwebasa, iri sangano rezororo kubva pakutanga kusvikira pakupedzisira, kusanganisira kubwinya kweimba uye kuchenesa.

Masangano akadaro anopa mhando dzemhando dzebasa:

• Kubika muimba. Imiti yemabiko emabiko anoshandiswa pane izvi.
• Catering in nature. Chaizvoizvo, aya ndiwo mhemberero dzechato uye murals.
• Kuendeswa kwemazuva emagetsi kuhofisi, kumusangano, musangano.
• Outlet bar (zvinonwiwa chete).
• Zvokudya zvemagariro - zvekudya zvekutengesa, asi pamidziyo yemutengi.

Mutengo webasa remakambani akadai unotarisana nehutano hwebasa. Zvechokwadi, hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu huchasvitsa kudhura kupfuura VIP catering.

Paavhareji, makambani anotengesa 2,500-3500 rubles pamunhu, asi urongwa hunofanirwa kunge huri zvuru gumi zvine gumi rubles.

Mabiko emuchato mune zvakasikwa anozivikanwa zvikuru mazuva ano. Mushure mezvose, kunyange iyo yakanakisisa yekutoro haikwanise kutora nzvimbo yegungwa, rwizi kana sango. Hazvina mhosva kuti kupemberera kwacho kuchaitika sei, iyo yekubata inokosha.

Nokupa "chiitiko chikuru chehupenyu" kugovera makambani, varidzi nevashanyi vachayeuka hovha kwenguva refu: zvishongo, midziyo nemidziyo zvichave zvakanyatsosarudzwa mumutauro waunoda. Zvose zvinoitwa panzvimbo yakakwirira, sekunge pane mafirimu emuAmerica.

Mashoko mashomanana mukupedzisa

Unyanzvi-hutsva hutsva hahuna kupera kwenguva refu mushure mambakwedza. Mushure memazana emakumi emakore, chiitiko ichi mune unyanzvi chakawanikwa mumitambo uye kusavapo kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Icho chinotsiviwa noukomba uye geometry.

Vamiriri vemabasa ekugadzira, kunyange zvazvo vakamira kushanda mu "itsva style", iye haana kumira mukati mekunze. Munguva yedu, uhu huno hunova hunozivikanwa.

Zvisikwa zvinogara zviri mufashoni

Mitsva inyanzvi itsva uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobvumira vashanduri nevagadziri kuti vagadzire zvinhu zvakasiyana. Nyika inogara kubva pamuti wechisikigo uyo unoonekwa nehumukati kubva mukati mukati zvakare kubatanidza nehupenyu uye kupa pfungwa yekuwirirana uye zororo zviri mukuda. Zvinhu zvakasikwa, zvakasimudzirwa art art itsva, hazvombofi zvakabuda kunze kwefashoni.

Zvechokwadi mukugadzirwa kwemakamuri kwakanga kune maberere, akavakwa uye akatasirwa masitepisi ane mashizha mazhinji uye mapiritsi, pamwe chete nemakumbo akaoma uye asinganzwisisiki. Zvinhu zvekushongedzwa nemaoko - mwenje, zvigadziko zvemwenje, vases - zvinoda zvikuru. Chikamu chinokosha chemukati chaiva maruva anorarama, kubva pane zviduku zvitsvuku uye kuguma nemiti yemichindwe yakawanda nemimwe michero.

Aifarira iyi chimiro mumakamuri edu ekugeza. Mahombekombe akawanda, whimsical mabhati uye mvura inonaya kwete kungokoshesa kutanga, asiwo inonyanya kuchengetedza nzvimbo muimba ino.

"Nhamba itsva" inokosha uye yepakutanga inoshamisa. Kuvonga kwake, vamiririri vezvigadzirwa zvekusika vakapiwa mukana wekutaura ivo, kuva vamwe uye kusafanana nevamwe.