Mhumhi dzeBrown. Nhaurirano uye vanyori vakuru veJack London nhau "Brown Wolf"

Brown mhumhi - iyi ndiyo imwe huru yemisoro mubasa yakakurumbira American munyori Jack London. Iye akafamba nzvimbo dzakawanda mu Alaska kundotsvaka migodhi yendarama, asi pachinzvimbo nendarama ndokuwanapo pasi nokuda kwayo inonakidza uye nyaya dzoupenyu, novellas enganonyorwa. Kakawanda zvikuru mabhii mabhuku ake vakava mhuka pakutanga, imbwa dzemusango uye pamapere. Dzaifananidzira nemabasa yemunyori rusununguko, kuzvimiririra uye kudada.

tsananguro pfupi

Brown mapere - chinokosha imbwa yomusango, vari zvikara hafu uye hafu dzinovaraidza. Ndizvo hunhu chikuru munyori nyaya. Izvi duku, tichitarisa nyaya vakapinda muunganidzwa wake "Kuda Life" (1907). basa iri nderimwe mangwanani mabasa ake.

Against mamwe mabasa guru munyori anofanira vakafunga isiri kuzivikanwa, zvisinei, rinofanira kuva zvishoma kuteerera nokuda rinogona kurondwa zviri mabhuku werudzii nemunyori. Brown mhumhi North America - havasi zvechienzi. Vakanzi kushandiswa kuchamhembe kure uye nechepakati inoti sezvo imbwa Sled. Kuti vakadaro aiva njodzi huru hunhu nyaya.

kupinda

Pakutanga basa rake, Dzhek London anotanga vaverengi vanofara vechiduku vakaroorana aigara sembizi imbwa, zvavakanga vaidaidzana "Bere." Writer pfupi asi kuratidza chaizvo mifananidzo mumusha wavo kunyaradzwa. Kubva pakutanga tinoziva kuti vaduku vanhu vanorarama yakapfuma upenyu, nyore chaizvo, asi mufaro chaizvo.

Husband, Uolt Irvin - nyanduri, mudzimai wake - Madge, mubasa rokuchenesa. Vane yevaeni yaiva imwe yevedza chaizvo nharaunda, izvo chinoita kufemera pamusoro Walt.

Description of gamba

Brown mhumhi - ndiyo vanokosha remhuka, riri chinozikamwa zvose chitarisiko chavo uye tsika. Mutambi mukuru ane chaizvo chitarisiko, iyo, sezvo kunosimbisa kupokanidzana hunhu hwake. Akanga akafukidzwa Brown mvere, asi tsoka uye nedumbu rine mavara machena. nzeve dzake dzakanga zvishoma frostbitten kuti kamwe wakamutengesa rakabvongodzwa kare muna North. achisekerera yake yakanga yakafara, asi haana dzakahukura uye zvehasha chete. Yaiva zvakaoma chaizvo uye simba mumuviri. Wolf akakwanisa kuva mukuru kwazvo nokukurumidza uye kukunda emakiromita rimwe zuva. Nechokunze, akatarisa sembwa wekudondo, asi tsika zvaiita mhumhi chaiyo.

mutambi

Dzhek London agara anoratidzwa mhuka mupenyu vanhu. Ari kwazvo dzakarukwa zvakanaka uye zvakarurama fambisa dzavo mupfungwa zviitiko zviri chaizvo yakafanana manzwiro evanhu. Saka, nyaya yake pamusoro pemhuka akakurumbira pakati vaverengi. Wolf, uyo akararama vakaroorana Irvine, vane nharo zvikuru uye nemaune hunhu.

Akanga mukukutu uye haana kupindura petting wokurera vanhu vake. Hazvibatsiri kuedza kurezva nayo chete zvadzoka uye vakatya kwete chete vavakidzani, asi kunyange varidzi pachavo. Chikara aiva vanoramba vari chebasa rayo kuchamhembe. Kakawanda akamhanya achibva Irwin uye misoro kuchamhembe. nyota ichi irrepressible mhuka kuti rusununguko haana akamusiya, kunyange apo vechiduku vakaroorana akakwanisa kupingudza nayo. Zvisinei, kuti varambe vaine pavanatenzi vavo, iye zvichachengetwawo ake reserved uye nyararisa unhu. Zvakatora refu kwazvo nguva vasati vava kukwanisa kuita nzvimbo yayo kwaari.

Background gamba

Nyaya "Brown mhumhi", pfupiso inova nyaya pakudzokorora uku, akanyorwa tsika munyori muLondon. Mumwe mukuru yemisoro pakubata kwake pfungwa rusununguko, izvo zvaiita chete dzomusango. The chikuru gamba nyaya nokukurumidza akazviratidza koteji Irvine. Akakuvadzwa uye dzakaonda chaizvo. Akadyiswa, uye pashure penguva yakati mhuka wakapukunyuka. Papera gore, Walt akamuwana mundima imwe ehurumende uye vakadzokera kumusha. The Vaviri zvakare nayo yakakodzwa uye kunze, asi mhumhi chakatorwa kupinda dzesango uye haawanzotauri akapora, iye zvakare akaenda kuchamhembe.

Kakawanda akabatwa uye vakadzoka, vakaenda kuburikidza mumwe gore asati Akasiya uye akagara pamba varidzi dzavo itsva. In chigadzirwa "Brown Wolf", pfupiso iyo inofanira anosanganisira tsananguro ukama hwake Irwin, munyori chinotarisa sei zvakanga zvakaoma vabudirire ayo madzimai chivimbo. Haana pakarepo kupiwa kunofadza pachake, uye kana kushandiswa, izvozvo vakaratidza kuonga zvayo chaizvo yakaderera-kiyi, riri kuratidzwa pakutanga basa. Zvaiva pachena kuti bere haana kukanganwa upenyu hwake kare uye, kunyange zvazvo kuda vanhu vatsva, vachiri vaishuva muridzi.

upenyu Irwin

Tinofanira zvakare kutaura pamusoro Mararamiro vawanani. Vakararama upenyu akapfuma, asi zvakawanda. The chikuru chinhu ravo mari vaiva mari kubva muparidzi kuti, Walt akagamuchira nokuda nhetembo dzake. With mari iyi, vaviri vanogara hwomutambarakede, asi dzakanaka zvakakwana. Vanozvitsigira uye hwechipfuwo anodiwa. imba yavo yaiva kumaodzanyemba yacho.

Kupfuura kamwe, munyori unosimbisa chokwadi ichi munyaya "Brown Bere." Address Irvine kunyange wainyatsotaura chaizvo: California, District of Sonoma, Glen Ellen Street. Chiratidzo kero munyori zvimwe raireva kusimbisa musiyano pakati mutana uye upenyu itsva gamba rake. Zvechokwadi, kubva pakutanga zviri pachena kuti Brown akabva North, uko magariro vaiva noutsinye zvikuru uye zvakaoma. In unahwo itsva kwakuporesa zvakanaka paine yakanyarara upenyu, kunyange zvakatora nguva yakareba asati basa rake idzva kuvapo. It achiri akararama kuda nyika, uye zvakatora yakazara gore kuitira kuti ari kushandiswa panzvimbo yake itsva. Zvakawanda chikwereti ichi ndezvevanhu kubudikidza Irwin, uyo akashanda nesimba kuti vakavimbana ake.

Zvisinei, muna chikamu nyaya wokutanga munyori inoratidza kuti neapo aifanira kuchengetedza mari kutenga zvakakodzera zvigadzirwa. Zvisinei, chikara havana kuziva chii zvaidiwa, kubvira vose vaida uye zvakanaka akavachengeta. Saka, vanenge vajaira kumba mararamiro shava rinoparadza. Musoro basa Zvisinei, muverengi kunoramba anodzoka ake kare.

tai

The kamwe pakuonekwa vanoshamiswa muenzi anotyora vanoshamwaridzana uye akadzikama mararamiro vakaroorana Irvine. Kamwe kunze koteji ake, vanosangana mufambi, ane chitarisiko rinotiyeuchidza vaifamba. kunze Its riri kwakapesana zvikuru nevechiduku. Akanga shure uye aiita murume, kudzikamiswa ari mumiedzo. Pakutanga, zvinganzi akagumisa kuti zvakawanda anofambira, kuti upenyu hwake hwakanga hwakaoma uye hasha. Pamusangano naye dzatisingafungiri iye nenzira shava rinoparadza. Description Wolf munguva musangano akafanirwa unokosha panotaurwa.

At pamberi murume uyu, uyo anonzi Skiff Miller, akatanga akatanga zhamba, uye izvi zvaireva kuti akafara chaizvo kuti musangano uyu. Achishamisika vechiduku havana pakarepo kuti murume uyu shure aiva tenzi hwechipfuwo. Skiff akati zita chipo yechikara - Brown. Aiva kufarira kwake, uye akanga achitiza ari mutungamiri imbwa Sled. Aionekwa chakanakisisa imbwa, nekuti akanga akatendeka, akavimbika kuna tenzi wake, akanga zvikuru yakaoma, aigona nenzira pfupi nguva kufamba madaro marefu. Mufambi nyaya akarova Irvine.

History Skiff

Mumwe zvakanakisisa, kunyange isuwo inonyatsozivikanwa mabasa ndiyo nyaya London, "Brown mhumhi." Ndiani vakarwira kodzero Bere - zvichida iyi ndiyo nyaya huru kuti rinoisa munyori munyaya yake. Skiff nyaya inoratidza kuti munhu mhuka zvakaita utsinye upenyu kushanda azere nenhamo, zvinetso uye matambudziko. Kana muridzi, ari kuchitonhora pasina zvokudya, akapotsa vakadya yake dzinovaraidza. Sezvineiwo, panguva iyoyo akabatwa mhuka Elk, uye akaponesa Wolf.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nyaya mufambi muverengi anodzidza kuti CHIKARA vaifara nokuva ari tenzi wake. Akanga akavimbika kwaari uye vaimuda nomwoyo wose, pasinei noutsinye uye upenyu zvakaoma. Ndosaka akawira panguva tisingatarisiri pamusangano kumukwazisa, uye aibvuma kurezva yokutanga, iyo kumbobvira zvaitika kare. Skiff akatiwo kuti vafambi vazhinji kufarira kwake dzinovaraidza, sezvo akanga akasimba uye akaomarara. Asi akatsigira imbwa yake, nokuti urege kuzoitengesazve, kunyange guru chaizvo inopfupikisa.

Ukama gamba chete Skiff

Artwork "shava Bere" riri kuna mumutambo ari gamba, uyo panguva yake yokutanga, asi ikozvino aimbova muridzi akatarisana nechisarudzo chakaoma. Akanga dzakabatanidzwa zvakasimba Irwin, kunyange asina akaratidza manzwiro ake zvakare nokukurumidza. Akanga zvikuru yakachengeterwa navo uye haana kubvumira zvikuru kunofadza pachake. Zvisinei, mhumhi kudanana Walt, uye kunyange Madge rinoshandiswa pashure pechinguva. Asi panguva imwe chete, aiva musangano chaizvo Skiff. Ivava vakati wakamumutsa uye inobuda sezvo mai vomwana, akamutarisira, vachipedza mari yose zvokudya zvake. Kaviri nokuti akapa mari yakawanda, asi Skiff akaramba, nokuti aimuda. Maererano Miller, aiva kupfuura akangwara uye unopinza-witted mune chikwata yose. Nyaya "shava Bere" magamba vakatanga kukakavadzana kodzero kusiya akachenjera imbwa pamba.

budiriro zviito

Vakaroorana uye Miller imwe nguva kuvabvunzeiko ndiani achatora imbwa kwaari. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akanzwa kodzero kuti imbwa pokugara mumba make. Nhaurirano wavo Zvinofadza pakuti vakasangana apikisa nyika mbiri zvachose kune mumwe. tinodzidza kuti kumbofunga pamusoro manzwiro ako dzinovaraidza, kuva nechokwadi chokuti imbwa anofara nazvo uye kuti vamwe upenyu haana kuva isingadhuri yezvifananidzo kubva Skiff. Zvikasadaro akakurukurirana Madge. Akataura pamusoro imbwa kodzero kuti sarudzo yavo. Kufarira ndiyo kurwisana pakati outlooks vaviri upenyu mune chigadzirwa "Brown Bere." The chikuru Pfungwa basa - mutsara rusununguko, iyo, vari mafungiro munyori, ane munhu kunyange achimhanya imbwa. Skiff aiva nechokwadi chokuti naye imbwa raizongova kufara. Madge iri vakati kuti imbwa zvaikodzera norugare uye norunyararo, vakasununguka upenyu pashure zvose miedzo aitofanira kutsungirira nguva dzakaoma, kana akamhanya joko. Walt akatsigira wake, uye pashure vamwe vakafunga Skiff akamanikidzwa kubvumirana naye. Saka, vose vatatu akasarudza kupa Wolf kusarudza, chisarudzo afa vose mapato nenharo.

rutarinhari

Mamiriro kusarudzwa ari muridzi imbwa, zvichida kupfuura simba munyaya "Brown Bere." Writer yainakidza kwazvo uye tendeka kurondedzerwa manzwiro ake uye manzwiro. Dog vakaita somwana mupenyu munhu uyo anofanira kubvaruka pakati vadiwa. Zviri Panguva iyi muverengi anoona sei imbwa zvikuru wanamatira Irwin. He rwakandimbundikira navo sokunge vachikumbira kuti agare naye. Zvisinei, zvose vatatu hauna kuti poach naye parutivi rwake, uye vachiedzesera kuva hanya kuti kusarudza mhuka yakanga kupfuura "asingasaruri".

Uye zvakakomba, uye verenga mitsetse avo vaitiitira, apo munyori rakarondedzera kutsvakatsvaka uye kutambura bumhi kuti mumwe nomumwe vaivapo akanga achitarira rubatsiro uye rutsigiro. Aifunga kuti kutsvaka rutsigiro akafanana Skiff, uye panguva Irvine. Zvisinei, kutanga ane pachena hanya, uye kusava nehanya vakasiya yokurenda, uye Walt vainyepedzera hanya zvose zvichiitika. The oga akaedza kumisa imbwa yakanga Madge. Zvisinei, iye akamira pasi imperious anopenya wake. maitiro Izvi pakutsvaga sarudzo vigai, izvo ichi ezvinhu vaiita sezvo aigona kuita ajaira rusununguko uye rusununguko wechikara.

gumisiro

Very zvechokwadi akarondedzera hunhu hwake unhu munyori London. "Brown Wolf" - nyaya iri kuna Kuziviswa imbwa mufananidzo, izvo munyori anorondedzera somunhu. Vasina kugamuchira chero rubatsiro kubva Skiff, kana kubva Irvine, imbwa vakamhanya, kupinda musango. Haana kugara pakati pavo, uye kwakadaro mhinduro chinoratidza nyota irrepressible kuti rusununguko mairi. Munyori rinotsanangura zvakadzama unhu unhu, iyo zvishoma nezvishoma vakanonga kumhanya sezvo imi pedyosa chinangwa chake. Mundima iyi yokupedzisira imbwa akawanikwa, pakupedzisira, kuti kuchiva rusununguko. Akarega kuda zvose chokuita Skiff, uye kuna Irwin. vanhu ava zvakaipa akanga kubatwa kana vakaramba vari yakaomesesa nguva hwake. Naizvozvo, akasarudza kuva oga. Ndizvo pathos yose basa rusununguko-rudo.

zano

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo yacho bere munyaya "shava Bere" zvikuru anosarudza yose pfungwa nyaya. Chokwadi kuti akararama upenyu hwake hwose ari Klondike Valley. Ndizvo rwizi muCanada. Ikoko nzvimbo kwainzi sendarama, asi zvakaoma akararama vacho vakaenda kutsvaka simbi. Zvisinei, maererano mitsipa, Brown akafara apo ndakanga vachimhanya muchikwata uye aiudza muridzi ose matambudziko hwake. Miller pachake saka dzakabatanidzwa kwaari kuti pashure Kutsakatika vake kure kwake vachiedza. Kuti freestyle mhuka upenyu, izvo zvakazoita Wolf kuchamhembe, uye akamuita kuti nyararisa. Hunhu chikara chakanga rinorema, asi achisimba akanga kuda kwake kuvanhu vaimubatsira dzakaoma. Zvisinei, akanga akazvimirira, uye naizvozvo, kana wehondo vatatu vakaramba kumupa mazano kana kubatsira, akamhanya muchisango, zviri pachena nokuva akasarudza kugara kwake. Pakadaro, yemunyori tsitsi zvachose kurutivi rembwa. Munyori inosimbisa kuti akanga asina dzimwe sarudzo, asi iye akaremekedza zvakasarudzwa yake, izvo panguva iyoyo zvairatidzika chete zvakanaka. Mune imwe nzira, imbwa ichi vakachenjera chete kugona kuzviita. Hapana vaivapo havana kutsigira kwaari. Brown akanga pasi chakaipisisa mutsekwende, kwaakanga nokukunda.

Munyori anokwevera muverengi afunge nezvokuti mhuka iyi, saka tyisa pachisikigo, akava akachenjera kupfuura vanhu. chokwadi Moral anosara kurutivi imbwa, uyo akaita se nehana yake akamuudza, apo tenzi wake chikasazikamwa naye manzwiro ake zvechokwadi, nokuzvimanikidza kusarudza dambudziko ravo. Chaizvoizvo, avo nharo chaiva choudyire. Kunyange zvazvo vaverengi havagoni nechokwadi vepachokwadi chido Walt uye Madge kuchengeta anodiwa dzinovaraidza, uyewo havagoni nechokwadi kumuda Skiff Zvisinei, tinonzwisisa kuti vakaita pachinhu mhuka murombo kunaka zvachose tsvete. Pasina mubvunzo, vanofanira zvimwe kuti urarame mumwe uye kwete rokupisa naye saka kunyatsoteerera bvunzo, izvo zvakava kupfuura simba rake.

Zvakaoma kuwana munyaya iyi, kuziva maitiro avo. Munhu wose akaita zvakanakisisa vavariro, asi nzira iyo vakasarudza akava isina kuvakodzera. Zvichida ichi ichokwadi kunyanya Skiff, uyo pakutanga kwayo sumo anomirira munhu akarurama, akatendeseka, nomutorwa vemarudzi ose zvakapesana izvi mhando. Kana murume nemudzimai Irvine, ipapo avo, zvichida, yakanga chiito zvikuru zvinonzwisisika. Unofanira kuyeuka kuti zvakanga Madge aida kugara naHama nemuedzo wakadaro. Zvichida iye asinganzwisisi sei kukodzera kuisa mhuka kune nomuedzo wakadaro. Walt chava zvinenge akasarudza kupedza nharo nechisimba. Skiff iye sokuti akagadzirira kurwira kodzero ive bere. Pamupikicha ichi, mumwe nomumwe vechikamu vakakanganwa kuti akanga pakubata nokuva vanoshupika chaizvo pachisikigo, riri nyore kusarudza pakati kare uye chipo. Hazvishamisi, saka, kuti vose netsitsi nemunyori zvachose kurutivi vigai. Maitiro ake nyore kuti upenyu kwave akachenjera sezvo uchenjeri upenyu pachahwo. Zvichida chokupedzisira sokuti Zvinoshamisa sezvo munhu kuti kutarisira kuti bere vachiri mumhanye pashure tenzi wake wekare, uyo akapedza kupfuura hwake. Vamwe vangafunga kuti iye achagara navo Irwin. Asi pashure pokuverenga basa haagoni kuva mubvunzo, ndizvo chaizvo aifanira kugumisa nyaya iyi.