Aleksin Anatoly Georgievich, "Zvichakadaro, pane imwe nzvimbo ...": chidimbu, vanhu vakuru, dambudziko

Musi waAugust 3, 1924, munyori anonakidza akaberekerwa muMoscow, kunyanya kufarira nevaverengi vehuduku nevechiri kuyaruka. Zvisinei, mutambo, uye nhau, iyo yakabatanawo na A. A. Aleksin, vakanga vasina kunyanya kudarika chinonzi prose yake. Vechidiki vaduku, vose muSoviet Union uye iye zvino munguva yeSoviet-post, vachiri kufarira zvikuru mabhuku eAnatoly Aleksin. Mibvunzo inomuka mumabasa ake ndeyekusingaperi. Pano ichafanirwa nyaya, chimwe chezvizhinji zvehutano hwakanaka, - "Panguva iyo, pane imwe nzvimbo ...". Nhfupiso ichazobudiswa zvakare. Mutsamba iri pasi pegwaro rekutanga pedyo nenyaya iyi panewo zvakare inonakidza uye yakakurumbira "Hama yangu inobata clarinet", "Vadzidzisi nevatambi", "The Late Child", "Inonyanya Kuitika Nhau", "Zuva risati rasvika uye zuva rakatevera mangwana" nevamwe.

Nezvomunyori

Alexander Alexin inonyangadza , muhupenyu aive Anatoly Georgievich Goberman. Saka nounyoro uye chero ipi zvayo jaya haifariri upenyu muupenyu. Anatoly Aleksin akawana zvakawanda, akanzwa uye akafungisisa muhuduku hwake, ndicho chikonzero iye ari pedyo uye anonzwisisika mamiriro emafungiro ezera rino. Baba vake, Georgy Platonovich, avo vakagadzira October Revolution uye avo vakarwa mu Civil Journalist, vakapomerwa muna 1937, asi amai vemunyori vakakwanisa kuramba vasina kungwara chete, vakashinga uye vakarurama, asiwo vane mutsa.

Anenge ose masimba eAlexksin ane ruzivo ane ruzivo rwemhando, tsika, uye mazwi aive akaberekwa muna amai vake, Maria Mikhailovna. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya "Nenguva iyo, Kwimwe ...", chidimbu chaicho chinoratidza hukuru hwehu heroine - Nina Georgievna. Uye izvi, zvechokwadi, mutsa. Kuva chikoro chekuchikoro, Anatoly Aleksin atobudisa zvakawanda (magazini "Pioneer", pepanhau rinonzi "Pionerskaya Pravda", iro re "Flag"). Zvino kwakauya hondo, uye munyori aifanira kukura nokukurumidza.

Creativity

Vakabviswa kubva muguta guru kuenda kuUals, Aleksin ava nemakore gumi nemitanhatu vakava vashandi vebhuku repepanhau rezuva nezuva "Fortress of Defence", uye munguva pfupi - munyori ane mutariri wemuviri uyu weguru guru realuminium riri kuvakwa. Mukuwedzera kune pepanhau guru-rekuparadzira, nechinangwa chebhizimisi chezuva nezuva, munyori akashandawo pabasa rake remangwana. "Yeuka chiso ichi", "Ivashov", "Sekumusoro sakare" uye dzimwe nyaya dzakawanda uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvine zvinyorwa zvakanakisisa zvebhuku. Muna 1947, munyori akatotora chikamu muChitatu All-Union Conference yeVanyori Vanyori.

Muna 1951 akapedza kudzidza kubva mukurumbira weInstitute of Oriental Studies muMoscow uye akabudisa bhuku guru rekutanga. Konstantin Paustovsky, uyo aikoshesa chaizvo tarenda nemoyo munyoro wemunyori wechidiki Aleksin, akava munyori wake wekutanga. Iyi nhau huru yainzi "Mazuva makumi matatu nerimwe chete kana diary yemapiyona Sasha Vasilkov." Nechinhu chakareruka Paustovsky, bhuku racho rakava rakakurumbira, uye munyori waro - mumwe wevanyori vainyanya kufarira munyika yehuduku nevechidiki. Kusvikira muna 1966, Aleksin akanyora vana, uye akazviita nenzira inoshamisa. Ndiani asina kuva pamapeji "Munyika yekusingaperi yezororo"? His novella yake "Sasha naShura", "Kolya anonyora Ole", "Extraordinary Adventures yeSeva Kotlov" yakaverengwa mumabhuku ekuraira mumatanda. Asi kunyange zvakadaro munyori akafunga nezvezvinetso zvekudzidzisa vechidiki. Uye pasina nguva pfungwa idzi dzakanga dzakanyorwa mumitsara yenyaya "Uye Parizvino, Kwimwe ...". Chidimbu chacho chakatoratidza kuti matambudziko akataurwa nemunyori akawedzera sei uye akaoma.

Nzvimbo itsva

Muchikamu chechipiri chemakumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe emakore ekupedzisira, mitambo, zvinyorwa, uye nyaya dzakagadzirwa izvo zvakaita Aleksin mukurumbira pakati pevaverengi vakuru. Pano, kutanga kwezvose, nhau dzakaratidza basa rinokosha: "Nyaya inotyisa", "Danai uye Uya", "Chechitatu mumutsara wechishanu", "Hama yangu inobata clarinet", "Mad Evdokia" uye, hongu, "Panguva iyo, Zvino ... ". Nhepfenyuro yenyaya ino ichaiswa pasi apa. Izvo zvitatu "Mumazuva akafanana nepamusoro" munyori akaita huchapupu hwezuva nezuva hunenge husingaoneki kubva kumberi mberi, asi hukuru hwenyika huri muhondo huru. "Kukanganisika kwemoyo" uye "Kurambidzwa kwepfuma" kunoratidzira hukama hwepamusoro hwevarume veSoviet mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi pamba.

Vane makumi masere vakaunza vaverengi nhau itsva naAnatoly Aleksin: "The Home Council", "Mukadzi Wemukati", "Zviratidzo neHondo", "Utano Nehutano", "Ndiregerei, Amai", "Toy" nevamwe vazhinji, nguva dzose vanofarira uye vane Rudo runonzwisiswa nevaverengi. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakabva pane inoverengeka naFadeyev Alexin, mutambo we "Young Guard" wakanyorwa, maitiro akawanda emifananidzo uye mamwe mabasa akawanda mumunda wemutambo, somuenzaniso: "Ngatiende kumafirimu", "Gumi-graders", "Dzorerai kero".

"Chii" uye "Sei"

Munyori pachake akatsanangura kakawanda mubvunzurudzo dzake kunzwisisa kwekusiyanisa pakati pebhuku revechiduku nemabhuku evana. Vana vakakosha zvikuru - KUTI yakanyorwa sei, inowanzova nemanzwiro akajeka mifananidzo, kunaka kwemirimi, kujekesa kwemaitiro, zvino vanoona izvo munyori aida kutaura mubasa. Uye wechiduku anokoshesa mabhuku chaizvoizvo nezvezvinetso, izvo zvinoshungurudza kwete vanhu vakuru, asi kwete vana. Zvose zvemabasa aAlexin anozivikanwa nehukuru hwavo uye hutungamiri (hunoenderana nekusingaperi!) Yezvinetso, nyaya dzetsika. Tenzi wezwi Alexin akatipa maitiro akanaka kwazvo ekufambisa, izvo zviri nyore kuwana nzira yakarurama muupenyu. Nezvakanaka zvakakosha kuti zvikurumidze kuti zvisingarambi zvisina mudzidzisi. Vana havangachemi chete pamusoro pemabvi avo akavhuniwa, asiwo kana pavanokuvadza mumwe. Hakuchina nzira yakachenjera yekudzidza yemanzwiro.

Pano uye mune nhamba yakawanda yemimwe mitsetse, izwi pachayo rinonyatsorodzwa, munyori akakwanisa kuisa huwandu hwemashoko nerubatsiro rwekugadzira mune zvinyorwa zvishoma zvishoma. Nezvose izvi, hapana gramu yekunyora kwakaoma kwaAlexksin. Kune nguva dzose kusanganiswa kwemutambo uye kushungurudzika zvachose nemitambo yemimhanzi uye kuseka, uye kuumbwa kwakavakwa kwemazana emakore nemitemo yakavonekwa yekududzira vavariro kana kusiyanisa musoro. Izvo hazvina pfungwa yekudzokorora, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji nzira imwechete yekuvaka inoshandiswa, dambudziko rimwechete rinomutswa. "Panguva iyi, pane imwe nzvimbo ..." - nhau inogutsa zvizere izvi. Mukureva, haisiwo huru, asi inozivikanwa ihuru, hutsika hurefu hwebasa iri hahuzosiyi munhu asina hanya.

Iye zvino

Munyori Anatoly Aleksin haazivi muRussia chete uye nyika yekare yaimbova USSR. Nhoroondo yake nemitambo zvakashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda, kusanganisira Bengali, Persian uye Hindi. Aleksin akadzokorora achida kuEngland, Italy, France, Spain, achifarira zvikuru muJapan. Mune mabasa ose aAnatoly Aleksin anobaya moyo wake wakanaka. Hazvisi zvekuti munyori uyu anoremekedzwa kwete weSoviet chete, asi mitsva yepasi rose, kusanganisira zita raHan Christian Christian Andersen. Vakawanda vanoyeuka chirongwa cheterevhizheni, apo Aleksin aive achitungamirira - "Zviso zveShamwari." Akashandawo zvakanyanya muVanyori veUnyori, muhurukuro yezvepanhau reYunost, uye mubato rekudzivirira runyararo. Kubva muna 1982, Aleksin isayenzi-mudzidzisi, nhengo inofanirana yeAAPN yeU.SR.

Uye muna 1993 akabva munyika, anogara muIsrael, akanyora zvachose mabhuku "vakuru". Zvose zviri zviviri uye zvinyorwa zvakakosha zvakachinja zvakawanda. Muna 1994, Saga wePevsnerah yakabuda-pamusoro pekutya, kupesana-Semitism, fascism, iyo yakaremara vanhu, munyaya iyi inofungidzirwa mumuenzaniso wemhuri imwe. Makore matatu gare gare nhoroondo yeAlexin "Mortal Sin" uye memoir "Leafing Through Years" yakabudiswa. Mune mapeji aya, sekunge kuti munyori haana kudzivirirwa, tariro mune ramangwana revanhu, kuvimba mune ramangwana, izvo Anatoly Aleksin aigara achizadza basa rake, akaoma.

"Panguva iyi, pane imwe nzvimbo ..."

Kwekutanga nguva iyi nyaya yakawanikwa muDecember 1966 "Young" magazini. Nokudaro, basa iri reAnatoly Aleksin rakadzokororwa zvakare mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuunganidza, anthologies. Iyi shanduro ye1975, 1977, 1982, 1990, 2000 (chete maguta makuru makuru, vaparidzi vese vakawanda zvakare).

Mune basa iri, kune vechidiki nevanhu vakuru, nyika yevechidiki inotanga, apo vanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa vanoratidza ushingi kana vakatarisana nezvinetso, ivo vakazadzwa nemutsa, vasingatauriki, vakagadzirira kurwisana. Dramatism, inopindirana nemutsa uye munyoro kwazvo-unhu hwakasiyana "Uye panguva imwechete ...". Mhando yenyaya yacho inobatsira kuzivisa vanhu vakuru uye kazhinji zvinoshamisa zvehupenyu, kugadzirisa nyaya dzakaoma dzakadai sarudzo yakanaka, kunzwisisa kwevanhu uye vanhu, kunzwa munyika yose yakasimba, yakakura uye kazhinji munhu akanaka.

Vanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa

Sergei Yemelyanov munyaya iyi haisi yoga. Iri zita nezita iri rakapfekedzwa nababa vose nemwanakomana, nokuti zvakapoteredza izvi zvakangoerekana zvavakwa uye vakavaka chivako chekuvakwa. Mhuri mumutauro wakakwana weshoko muenzaniso. Sergei Yemelyanov mukuru - akakodzera muenzaniso uye baba, avo vasingagoni kuzvikudza. Pamwe pamwe nemudzimai wake - amai vaSergei Yemelyanov vechidiki - anoshanda mumitambo, anozvidzidzisa pachake mutauro weChirungu, anokurudzira mararamiro akanaka.

Uyezve, vanogadzira michero pamwechete, ndiko kuti, vanoita chinhu chakakosha zvikuru kunyika. Asi chinonyanya kukosha, mhuri ye Yemelyanov inofadza uye inogadzirisa vanhu vasingadi. Sekuita basa kakawanda parwendo rurefu, vanonyora kune tsamba tsamba-yakananga, yakarurama, yakagadzirirwa, uye zuva uye nguva yekunyora. Mwanakomana wacho, achibva mumba kuti adzidze, mangwanani oga oga anotora imwe mharidzo kubva kubhokisi remakadhi. Asi kamwe panga paine mazwi maviri.

Kunyora

Chirongwa chenyaya iyi tsamba kubva kumudzimai asingazivi, akataurirwa kuna Sergei Emelyanov, iyo yadiki Sergei yakazarura maziso ake uye akaverenga, izvo zvakagadzirisa zvachose peji yehupenyu hwake hwekare. Utano husina hanya hwakaguma. Kuchinja kunonzwisisika kwemweya kunowanikwa nehweh, zvakaoma kunzwisisa vana nekuyaruka. Iyi nyaya inonyatsojeka kune vanhu vakwegura vakanyora. Kunyange munyori wemunyori wechechi pamusana wemhuri yevanhu vanonyanya kutaridzika atotaurirwa kune vechiduku panzvimbo yevechidiki uye maximimalism uye kururamisa. Izvo zvakanakira hukama hwevabereki uye kunyange "zvisiri izvo zvisiri izvo", asi mafungiro asina makore kune amai vakuru vaMoyelyanov - izvi zvose zvinoratidzika pamberi pomukomana muchiedza chetsamba ichiverengwa, kwete pachena zvakajeka uye nyore sezvaakazviona hupenyu hwake hwose.

Ucheche hwakaguma nemashoko anorwadza emukadzi asingazivi, hupenyu huri hunochinja, maonero akachinjwa, uye kukura kwakakura kwakatanga. Bhuku "Parizvino, pane imwe nzvimbo ..." rinoratidzira vechidiki vemazuva ano kuti zvakanyanya sei kudikanwa kwerudo, tsitsi, tsitsi - izvi unhu hwevanhu hahuzomborasikirwi. Haasi vanhu vose vanogona kuva vane mutsa-ichi chimwe chidzidzo icho Seryozha Emelyanov anogamuchira pamapeji ehau. Izvi ndizvo izvo Anatoly Aleksin akaisa pamusoro wekona. "Munguva ino, pane imwe nzvimbo ..." inonzi testmus, iyo kunyange nhasi iwe unogona kutarisa unhu hweunhu hwake. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti basa raAnatoly Aleksin rakabva kune zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano muRussia. Nhoroondo yake isingadzikanganwi zvidzidzo zvetsika, izvo zvicharamba zvichiti "zviri pamusoro pedu" - uye mumakore makumi mashanu nemazana maviri nemakumi mashanu. Zvakadaro, nhasi - zvinongoramba zviri pamusoro pedu.

Mumwe mukadzi

Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza munhu, usabvunza mvumo ... Zvinyorwa zviduku zvakadai zvinzadza chigadziko chose chemashoko ebasa. Chii chaiva mutsamba iyi yakashandura hupenyu hwose hwaYemelyanov junior? Icho chinopera kuti baba vake vane muenzaniso haisi nguva dzose saizvozvo. Akanga achirwara zvakakomba mushure mekukuvadzwa mberi, uye Nina Georgievna, chiremba wechipatara, kwaakabatwa, akanga achimusiya. Ndiye iye akamutumira kumugwagwa wehupenyu hwakanaka: kusuruvara kunotyisa, kugumburwa, kushuva kwechido nemimwe migumisiro yakawanda yekukuvadza kunogona kukundwa chete nekushungurudzwa uye kutamba. Apo Yemelyanov-mukuru akaporesa, akadanana nomumwe uye akasara Nina Georgievna oga. Asi tsamba haisi pamusoro pazvo.

Anonyora kuti akanganwira zvinhu zvose, asi iye zvino ari kunyarara, uye ari kumirira rubatsiro. Kuti zvakanyanya kuipa kudarika zvaive panguva iyo, mushure mokubva kwaEmelyanov-senior. Nokuti kurasikirwa nenguva ino haisi murume wake, asi mwanakomana wake. Shurik - mwana wechidiki, waakakurira, kamwe kamwe akawana vabereki chaivo. Uye zvino iye, atova mukuru, akamhanya semwana, achiunganidza zvinhu zvinyararire uye asingatauri. Pakarepo Nina Georgievna anonyora kuti izvi zvinogona kunzwisiswa zvakare. Sergei Jr. anosarudza kumushanyira, sezvo vabereki vachiri munzira yebhizimisi. Pano vanhu vanorarama vakanyarara, kuenda kuchikoro kana kubasa, kufamba, kudya, usafungira chero chinhu, panguva ino pane imwe nzvimbo ... Vanhu vanyori vehurukuro, vasingatauri zvinyoronyoro, asiwo pachena nemafambiro avo ose anoratidza kuti zvinoparadza sei kusava nehanya kwevamwe.

Sei uchida kutendeka?

Yemelyanov, Jr., mumaminitsi ekutanga emusangano, akatarisa Nina Georgievna nekunyunyuta uye kunyange godo, asi akakurumidza kutenda, akanzwa kurwadziwa kweumwe munhu uye akagovana nekudziya kwomweya wake. Mukumushanyira, mukomana wacho pachake akashamwaridzana nemukadzi uyu, uye, zvechokwadi, akava mudiwa zvikuru. Vakaita shamwari. Izvo zvisina maturo zvakapoteredza Nina Georgievna zvakazadzwa nezvakanaka. Hongu, uye Sergei pachake akanga akasiyana zvakajeka: munhu mukuru, ane mutoro, anokwanisa kupa mufaro.

Anatoly Aleksin anopedzisa nyaya yacho nokuti Sergei Yemelyanov, mudukuse, anowana tiketi yegungwa, iro vabereki vake vakazopedzisira vamukurudzira. Kwenguva yakareba akaita zvirongwa - nguva dzose yechando, zuva rimwe nerimwe aifunga nezvezororo rake. Asi imwe tsamba yakabva kuna Nina Georgievna. Akanga asingazivi kuti Sergey akarota nezvei, uye saka akaramba zororo, chete kuti amuone. Kurota kwegungwa kwakatanga kupera uye kunyauka pamberi pedu. Sergei haagoni kubvumira Nina Georgievna zvakare kuti anzwe kurasikirwa kwakadaro, chii chaiva chechipiri chekare. Uye chokwadi chokuti iye akamuudza nenzira imwe chete, kana kwete kupfuura kurasikirwa kwekare kwemigwagwa, aiziva zvechokwadi. Sergei haaendi kugungwa, haazomutengesi. Iye akavimbika uye akavimbika, akakodzera uye anoteerera, ane mweya mukuru uye mwoyo munyoro.