Biography Saltykov-Shchedrin: upenyu uye basa

Musi waJanuary 15, 1826 mumusha muduku weruwa rweTver wakaberekerwa ME Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nhoroondo yemunhu uyu yakanyatsogadziriswa nekunzwira tsitsi uye kushora kwemaitiro ehurumende maitiro epanguva yake. Zvisinei, pamusoro pezvose zvakarongeka.

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich: biography yemakore ekutanga

Munyori wenhau anozivikanwa mune ramangwana akaberekerwa mumhuri yemumwe mupfumi mukuru. Nenzira, Saltykov ndiro zita rake chaiye. Shchedrin inyaya yekugadzira pseudonym. Makore okutanga ehupenyu hwake mukomana akapedza mumba mababa vake. Kwemakore aya makore akaoma zvikuru evhafdom akawira. Apo mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzeWestern Europe shanduko yesayenzi uye yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi yatotanga kuitika kana kuti yakaitika, uye hukama hukuru hwehurumende hwakagadziridzwa, umambo hweRussia hwave huchiwedzera kuwedzera mumararamiro ehupenyu hwemukati. Uye chii chingave chichienderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwemasimba makuru, mishonga yehurumende inoshanda nesimba uye kushanda nesimba, zvakanyanyisa kufungisa maji ese kubva kune vanhu vanogara mukirasi. Chaizvoizvo, iyo yose yakawedzera biography yaSaltykov-Shchedrin inoratidza kuti akanga ane mukana wakakwana wokucherechedza mamiriro evarimi muhuduku hwake. Izvi zvakashamisa murume uyu wechidiki ndokusiya chiratidzo pamabasa ake ose. Anogamuchira dzidzo yake yepamusoro mumba make, uye paaiva nemakore gumi, akapinda muMoscow Institute of the Nobility. Pano akadzidza kwemakore maviri chete, achiratidza unyanzvi hwakanaka. Uye kare muna 1838 akatamirwa kuTsarskoe Selo Lyceum, achiwana dzidzo yehurumende yekudzidziswa. Makore matanhatu gare gare akapedza chikoro kubva kuchikoro ndokupinda muhofisi yehurumende yehurumende yekushumira.

Biography Saltykov-Shchedrin: kutanga kwekuita basa

Pano jaya iro rinonyanya kufarira mabhuku ezuva rake, rinodaro Georges Sand, French vadzidzisi uye socialists. Munguva iyi nguva yeruzivo rwake rwekutanga dzakanyorwa: "Kudzora", "Kusanganiswa kwebhizimisi", "Notes of the Fatherland". Zvisinei, unhu hwemabasa aya, kusvibisa mafungiro asina kusununguka uye kushamwaridzana kune tsarist autocracy, kunyange zvakadaro ndokugadza simba rehurumende kupikisa mukuru wechidiki.

Nhoroondo yeSaltykov-Shchedrin: kugadziriswa kugamuchira nekugamuchirwa kwesimba rehurumende

Muna 1848, Mikhail Evgrafovich akatuma kutapwa kuViatka. Ikoko anopinda mubasa rekushumira. Iyi nguva yakapera muna 1855, apo munyori akazobvumirwa kubva muguta rino. Kudzoka kubva kuutapwa, anogadzwa mukuru wehurumende mabasa ehumwe pasi pehurumende wezvematongerwe enyika. Muna 1860 akava Tver Vice-Gavhuna. Panguva imwecheteyo, munyori zvakare anotangazve basa rake rokusika. Akatova muna 1862 akasiya basa kubva kuhofisi yehurumende uye anotarisa mabhuku. Pakukoka kwaSergei Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin anouya kuPetersburg uye anogara muhofisi yekunyora yeSovremennik. Pano, uye gare gare mubhuku re Otechestvennye zapiski, kwaakawira pasi pekutonga kweNekrasov imwe chete, Makore anobudirira zvikuru mubasa rake rokusika. Nhau dzakawanda, satirical zvinyorwa uye, zvechokwadi, mazita anozivikanwa anonyangadza: "History of a City", "Modern Modern Idyll" nevamwe - yakanyorwa muchikamu chechipiri che 1860-1870.

Nhoroondo yeSaltykov-Shchedrin: makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Mumakore ekuma1880, basa remunyori rinonyanya kufarira mukurumbira pakati pevanzwisisi, asi panguva imwechete ivo vari kuwedzera kutambudzwa nehurumende yeTsarist. Nokudaro, kupfigwa kwebhuku re Otechestvennye zapiski, kwaakabudiswa, rakamanikidza Mikhail Evgrafovich kutsvaga kuparidzira kune dzimwe nyika. Izvi zvakarambidzwa kushandiswa munyika yake yekuzvarwa zvakanyanya kukanganisa utano hwomunhu akwegura. Uye kunyange zvazvo dzakanga dzakanyorwa nechekudanwa "Fairy Tale" uye "Poshekhonskaya dzekare", kwemakore anoverengeka akazova mukuru zvikuru, masimba akakurumidza kumusiya. May 10, 1889 Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin akafa. Munyori, maererano nechikumbiro chake mukuda, akavigwa muSt. Petersburg, pedyo neguva reI. Turgenev.