Mhedziso uye nhoroondo yerimwe ruzha "Runyararo Runotenderera Don"

Basa rakakosha zvikuru rokusika raMikhail Sholokhov ndiro nhamba ye "Quiet Flows the Don". Mune basa iri, munyori wacho akanyatsojekesa tarenda yake yekunyora uye akakwanisa kutendeseka uye anofarira kutsanangura upenyu hweDon Cossacks. Iyo yakanyorwa, ichifukidza zviitiko zvemakore mapfumbamwe, yakakunda zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvisati zvabudiswa. Nyaya yeruzivo "Yakadzika Inotenderera Don" yakave sei?

DonShchina

Paaishanda pakounganidza Don Stories, Sholokhov akauya nemafungiro ekutsanangura mugove wakaoma weDon Cossacks mukurwisana kwe1917. Saka nhau yezvisikwa zvenhizha "Chidziro Chinoyerera Don" chakatanga. Tsanangudzo pfupi yemushandirapamwe weKornilov kuPetrograd nekubatanidzwa kweCossacks kwainzi "Donness". Achitanga basa uye akanyora mapeji mashomanana ebasa racho, Sholokhov akafunga nezvebhuku racho raizova rinofadza kuvaverengi. Munyori pachake akakurira mu Don farm, saka zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa mubhuku racho zvaive pedyo naye uye zvinonzwisisika. Mikhail Aleksandrovich anotaura nezvekusikwa kwebasa umo kwete chete kuchinja kwezvinhu kucharehwa, asi zvakare zviitiko zvisati zvaitika. Sholokhov anoongorora zvikonzero nei Cossacks yakasarudza kubatanidzwa muzvigadzidzo zvezvematongerwo enyika, uyewo inogadzira vanhu vane mavara avo vakaratidza hupenyu hweCospine hwemakore iwayo kunyanya zvakajeka. Somugumisiro, Sholokhov anopa bhuku racho musoro unoti "Chengetedzo Runodzika Don" uye anowedzera kunyora inoveli.

Kuunganidza zvinhu

Munyori uyu aizotaurira muverengi zviitiko chaiye zvemakore iwayo, saka nyaya yezvisikwa zvepanhau-epic "Chidziro Chinoyerera Don" chakatanga nekushanyira kuShokhokhov zvinyorwa zveMoscow neRostov. Ikoko akadzidza magazini ekare nemapepanhau, aiverenga mabhuku ehondo echiuto uye mabhuku munhoroondo yeDon Cossacks.

Nekubatsirwa kwevamwe shamwari dzaive nekodzero yekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, Sholokhov akakwanisa kuzivana nemashoko akasiyana-siyana evatungamiriri, uyewo mapeari evanhu vakuru, mune zviitiko zvehondo zvairondedzerwa. Kutora zvinyorwa zvebhuku racho, munyori akaita basa rakawanda rezvakaitika kare. Iyo inoverengeka inoshandisa zvinyorwa kubva pamabhuku chaiwo ehondo munguva dzehondo: mapepa, tsamba, teregiramu, mirairo nemitemo. Uyewo, Sholokhov akawedzerwa mubhuku rake remangariro - munyori akashanda mukuraira kwezvokudya uye akashanda nesimba mukurwisana nevarwi. Saka, mifananidzo yakawanda yakaonekwa nekuda kwehupenyu hwemunyori.

Shanda nezvinhu

Kuti azvininire zvakazara mumhepo yeupenyu hweCospack, munyori akatamira kuna Don muna 1926 uye ato imomo akatanga kushanda pabasa. Akagara mumusha weVeshenskaya, munyori anozviwana ari munharaunda yake. Mikhail Sholokhov, uyo akakurira pakati peCossacks, anonyatsonzwisisa masayendisiti evanhu vakamupoteredza, anoziva hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva uye tsika dzakanaka.

Muna 1927 nhoroondo yenyaya inoti "Chidziro Chinoyerera Don" inotanga kukura, munyori wacho akatsanangura muchidimbu zviitiko mu 4 magwaro. Nguva yakawanda yakatanga kugadzirwa kwebasa, sezvakanyorwa nemunyori mupfungwa mupfungwa dzakawanda, zviitiko nevanhu. Mutsva iri pane zvose zvitsva uye nhoroondo dzekare: Chernetsov, Krasnov, Kornilov. Mubasa rekuti "Chengetedzo Runopera Don" pane vanhu vanopfuura 200 chaivo varipo, uyewo 150 ma heroes matsva akasika nemunyori. Mamwe mavara anonyatsoratidzwa pamwe chete nechirongwa chebhuku, asi zvimwe zvinowanikwa mumifananidzo.

Musoro webhuku

Kune vanhu vokuRussia, Don River yakave chiratidzo chekushata kusina kunaka kweCossacks. Ikozvino kugadzikana kwakava mufananidzo wehupenyu hune rugare hwevanhu, uye pashure akaona kuchinja kwakaunza nevekuvandudza. Kubva kare kare Cossacks vave vachishanda mune zvekurima. Don mapurazi akanga asiri kunze - ivhu raivapo rakange rakaorera, saka dzimba dzakanga dziri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yorwizi.

Upenyu hwomurimi hunoyera uye hunofananidzwa nekudzikama kwekuyerera kwerwizi. Asi hupenyu huripo hwakashanduka kune vanhu, uye zita rebhuku racho rakawana zvinoreva zvakasiyana: haisisiri kuzorora kweDon, asi nyika yenharaunda yeDon, iyo yaimbogara inogarwa neCosacks uye haina kuona zororo munguva yayo.

Nhoroondo yenyaya inoti "Cheiet Flows the Don" inoratidza kuti musoro webhuku rinoshandisa kuwirirana kwemashoko, nokuti munhau inoShokhokhov River yakawanda, ihondo, ropa rinodururira, vanhu vari kufa. Asi ruzivo rwakakwana rweDon rakanyarara haruzoperi, uye Don Cossacks haazobvumiri. Uye mauto achadzokera kunyika yekwavo, uye vacharamba vachirarama panyika yavo vachirima.

Kuumbwa kwebasa

Basa "Runyararo Runotenderera Don" runyorwa-epic, sezvo bhuku rinoratidza zvinyorwa zveHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yekutanga uye Hondo Yenyika, uyewo nhamba yakawanda yevarwi vane maitiro evanhu vakasiyana uye ezvematongerwo enyika. Zviitiko zvenhau inove kwenguva yakareba - makore 9, kutsanangura zviitiko kubvira muna 1912 kusvika muna 1921. Mubasa, zviito zvose zve protagonist zvinopindirana nehupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye zvisikwa. Nhoroondo yenyaya inoti "Chidziro Chinoyerera Don" inoratidza kushorwa kwekuumbwa kwebhuku: kune rumwe rutivi, rudo uye hupenyu hune rugare, uye kune imwe - utsinye uye zviitiko zvehondo.

Grigory Melekhov

Pfungwa uye nhoroondo yerimwe ruzha "Runyararo Runotenderera Don" rinosanganisira vane masimba, avo vanorarama nemunyori vakaedza kusinganzwisisiki kuti vabatane neDon Cossacks. Grigory Melekhov inobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri zvakasiyana uye maitiro evaridzi vomunyika yake. Munyori anoratidza unhu hukuru kune dzimwe tsika dzemhuri dzakatsaurirwa, asi anokwanisa kuputsa chero chimiro mune zvakakwana zvechido. Gregory akasiyana muhondo, asi kwemakore ose ehondo, anowanzotarisira nyika yake yekuzvarwa.

Sholokhov inogadzira hero ine simba guru romukati uye rukudzo, uyewo inomupa kutanga kupanduka. Kuparara kwenhoroondo, iyo yakashandura nzira yakatarwa yeDon Cossacks, yakaenderana nekuchinja muhupenyu hwega weGregory. Iyo hero haigoni kuziva kuti ndiani waanoda kugara - ane tsvuku kana yera, uye anofambisawo pakati pevakadzi vaviri. Pakupera kwebhuku racho, Gregory anodzokera kumusha, kumwanakomana wake uye kunyika yake yekuzvarwa.

Mifananidzo yemadzimai mumutsva

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa yekusikwa kwenyaya inoti "Cheiet Flows the Don" inotaura kuti kurondedzera Grigory Melekhov, munyori akashandisa mufananidzo wevarimi vekuRussia chaivo. Kunyora vanonyanya kutaurwa mubasa racho, Mikhail Sholokhov akatevedzera maonero ake pamagumo evakadzi vechiRussia.

Uyu ndiye amai vaGregory - Ilinichna, avo vanofananidzira pfungwa yekubatana kwevanhu vose uye amai, vanogona rudo uye tsitsi, kunyange kune avo vakamukuvadza.

Mudzimai weGrigory ndi Natalia, uyo anochengetedza mhuri yekunzwa, pasinei nezvakaitika mumweya nekuda kwomurume wake asingadi.

Aksinya anonyatsoratidzawo nyota yake yekusununguka uye rudo runoparadza-anotenda kuti imba yakakundikana inobvisa mhosva yake yese nekuputsa mitemo uye zvinorambidzwa.

Mhosva dzekutamba

Mabhuku maviri okutanga akabudiswa muna 1928 akaunza munyori kubudirira kukuru. Akatumirwa tsamba dzakawanda uye mapepa okukoka, asi mukati megore mafungiro evanhu akachinja. Vanhu vakatanga kusava nechokwadi kuti mudiki uye asina ruzivo munyori akanyora basa rekuita simba rakadaro rekuita zvakasiyana. Panguva iyo "Pacific Don" yakanyorwa, munyori uyu aiva nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri, uye kubva kuburidziro rwemabhuku pamabhuku ake - chete boka rezvinyorwa zviduku. Kuchinja kwacho kwakakonzerwawo nekuti munyori akanyora mabhuku maviri okutanga mumakore maviri chete, uye shure kwezvose Sholokhov ainzi munhu asina kudzidza, sezvo akazopedza zvidzidzo zvina chete zvechikoro.

Yakakonzerawo kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekunyora kwenyaya yekusikwa kwebhuku rakanzi "Cheiet Flows the Don", zvinyorwa zvishoma izvo zvainzi zvinowanikwa muhomwe yehoteri yepamutemo uye yakabudiswa naShokhokhov sebasa rake. Kuti aratidze kusava nemhosva, munyori aifanira kutora basa rinokosha uye nerubatsiro rwayo kuti arambe kunyomba. Somugumisiro weongororo mitatu-graphological, chiziviso uye zvinyorwa - kuburitswa kwakasimbiswa.

Kuparadzirwa kwebhuku

Mabhuku ekutanga neechipiri aiva nekubudirira kukuru kwevadzidzisi, asi nekubudiswa kwechikamu chechitatu pane matambudziko. Zvitsauko zvokutanga zvakadhindwa mupepanhau, asi zvino nyaya idzi dzakaguma. Chikonzero chacho ndechokuti Sholokhov ndiye wekutanga wevanyori kurondedzera zvakadzama uye zvizere zviitiko zveHondo Yenyika. Nyaya yezvisikwa zvenhizha "Chidziro Chinoyerera Don" inotaura kuti mubhuku rechitatu vashanduri vakagurwa zvitsauko zvose. Sholokhov akasarudza kusaita chero shanduko.

Vatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa vaida kubvumirwa kweGrigory Melekhov kuenda kuBolshevism, asi vaverengi vakabvuma kusarudza kwegamba nemufaro, sezvo iye sarudzo iyi yakava yechokwadi chete. Mashoko akazara ebasa kunze kwekugadziriswa uye kuwedzera kune mharidzi yakabudiswa muna 1980 chete.

Nhoroondo yekusika yezvisikwa-inoti "Episetet Flows the Don" yakanga isiri nyore, asi, pasinei nematambudziko ose, inoveli yakawana mukurumbira wenyika uye yakagamuchira rudo rwevaverengi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana.