Kuumba bhokisi kwevanhu. Maumbirwe pechipfuva muvana

Thorax - wechisikigo rwomumwoyo goko, yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira chinokosha zvomukati kubva zvakakanganisika, mavanga kana makuvaro. Mugore thoracal mhango mwoyo yakavanzwa, mapapu, pulmonary arteries uye mutsinga, thymus, principales, yegurokuro, chiropa. To vanonzi dzakabatanidzwa ari kufema tsandanyama uye tsandanyama vaikudzwa wamativi.

Nemamiriro womunhu muchipfuva

The keji rumbabvu achiumbwa pamusoro:

• 12 yegwara arcuate micheto kwakabatana zveshure thoracal musana uye mberi chokuita sternum Via costal cartilages.
• Breastbone - unpaired pfupa yakaruma elongated chimiro. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa kuzvimba pamberi penyika uye neshure concavity. Zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: mubato, muviri, uye xiphoid.
• Tsandanyama.

The thorax iri kuchinja, kureva kuti anowedzera uye zvibvumirano nedanho afemeruke.

Types bhokisi

Kukura uye Maumbirwe thorax vari shanduka uye dzingasiyana zvichienderana mwero kukura tsandanyama uye nemapapu. Kumbova pakukura yokupedzisira hunonyatsobatana vanhu basa, kwayakaita uye basa. Maumbirwe pechipfuva romuzvarirwo ane mhando nhatu:

• pamhama;
• cylindrical;
• conical.

The sandara Maumbirwe pechipfuva

Kazhinji kuwanikwa vanhu vane simba tsandanyama uye vaitungamirira kungotarisa upenyu. Hazvina refu uye flattened ari anteroposterior dhayamita, rusvingo pamberi ndiye anenge kutwasuka, clavicle akanyatsosiyanisa, yakafara intercostal dzezvimwe.

The conical Maumbirwe pechipfuva

Izvi rakafara uye pfupi Maumbirwe chityu inozivikanwa nevanhu zvakanaka dzakabudirira boka tsandanyama pamusoro pamafudzi nebhanhire. Its repasi chikamu kupfuura pamusoro. Nemikwidza mbabvu uye intercostal dzezvimwe zvidiki.

The cylindrical Maumbirwe pechipfuva

chimiro ichi muchipfuva kazhinji inoitika muvanhu pfupi. Iye vakagumisa chete pamwe yose kureba. The chinjikira urongwa mbabvu rinotsanangura damerau intercostal dzezvimwe. Brisket obtuse angled. Vanhu vanobatanidzwa mumitambo nenyanzvi, ndiko chimiro ichi zamu.

Age uye vasiri unhu

Kuumba bhokisi dzevanhu yekudyidzana kushandura nezera. Vana vachangoberekwa dzinoratidzwa yakamanikana uye truncated chimiro truncated chepiramidhi. Iye chinguva compressed laterally. The transverse divi zvishoma anteroposterior. Kukura mwana, ake kurovedza uye achisimuka rimwe zvinokambaira, kukura zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ino uye kukura zvezvipfuwo zvinokonzera nokukurumidza kukura pechipfuva. Maumbirwe pechipfuva muvana mugore upenyu rechitatu inova cône serin'i. At makore 6-7 pazera kukura seiyi zvishoma pasi, kuwedzera pakona kuti zvinodiwa mbabvu ikoko. chikoro zera vana vane convex chimiro bhokisi kupfuura vakuru, zvaidiwa mbabvu uyewo ezasi. Chokuita izvi vadzidzi kakawanda uye kudzika kufema muduku. Boys bhokisi anotanga kukura zvakasimba mune vasikana 12 - makore 11. Munguva yemakore 18 ndakanga kupfuura avhareji zamu dhipatimendi.

Maumbirwe pechipfuva muvana zvinoenderana muviri uye muviri nzvimbo panguva kumhara. basa kwomuviri uchirovedza muviri kuchakubatsira kuwedzera vhoriyamu uye chipfuva widths. Expiratory chimiro uchava mugumisiro simba tsandanyama uye murombo zvemapapu kukura. Usava pakudyara, vachivaka pamahombekombe tafura, kunogona kutungamirira zvachinja pezvakaita mubhokisi raiva inokanganisa kukura uye kushanda mwoyo, mapapu uye zvikuru nemidziyo ropa.

Size rutapudzo, achideredza uye kuchinja chimiro pechipfuva vakwegura inobatanidzwa zvinoderedza iri elasticity iri nerumbabvu shwashwa, kakawanda zvirwere kufema turakiti uye kifoznym curvature.

Evanhu thorax uye pamusoro hadzi rumbabvu ane zvakawanda raidudzwa vanobwembura pakona nzvimbo. Vakadzi vane zvakawanda raidudzwa nokuvhiringidza zononoka mbabvu. Nokuda ichi, uye ari kupfuura sandara chimiro uye predominance pamusoro thoracal kufema. In varume abdominal mhando kufema, iro pamwe ne misha yacho diaphragm.

Thorax yaro sangano

Chaizvo nedanho inhalation uye nedzinovengwa rinoitwa pasi kufema netsandanyama.
Kufema pave Akaroromesawo aperture uye kwokunze intercostal tsandanyama kuti vachisimudza mbabvu, zvishoma wakasuduruka kwavari oga, kuwedzera Vhoriyamu thorax. Nedzinovengwa mhepo iri pamwe kuzvivaraidza ari kufema tsandanyama, richikwidibira mbabvu kukurudzira yacho diaphragm mazibota. Chiedza pakuitika kuita kungotarisa basa, achitevera masvingo kubvongodzwa.

mhando kufema

Zvichienderana nezera uye kukura pechipfuva vari musiyano

• Diaphragmatic kufema. Saka ari kufema vacheche vasina chakanaka vachipfugama mbabvu, uye vanokurumidzira chinjikira chinzvimbo, mukuru intercostal tsandanyama simba.
• Phrenic afemeruke aine predominance pakati phrenic muvana yechipiri yezana gore upenyu, kana intercostal tsandanyama vanotanga ichisimba wokutanga, sero esimbi anotanga pasi.
• Thoracal mhando kufema anotanga vakawanda vari vana 3 kusvika 7 makore, apo kushingaira kuva bandauko nebhanhire.
• Pashure pemakore nomwe pane zvinomutsa kusiyana mhando kufema. Abdominal zvichatekeshera vakomana, zamu - vasikana.

Pathological chimiro pechipfuva

Zvokurwara vanowanzocherechedzwa varwere. Vanogona kuva vachiberekwa (chokuita zvakanaka mapfupa kukura panguva yepamuviri) uye vawana (mhedzisiro akuvara uye zvirwere mumapapu, mapfupa, muzongoza). Deformation uye kusarurama, kazhinji anoratidza nyore kuzviongorora pachipfuva. The chimiro chayo kuchinja, asymmetry, havachanyatsogoni kufema mutinhimira kubvumira chiremba ane ruzivo kuzivisa rokutanga zvawanikwa. Maumbirwe pechipfuva inova pamutemo pasi pokudzora pathological pezvakaitwa ari thoracal mhango nhengo uye curvature yacho nomuzongoza. Pathological chimiro pechipfuva angava:

• Dhiramu. kutsauka Izvi dzakaonekwa muvanhu maari zvemapapu rinenge rave yakawedzerwa nenyama, i.e., nokuputswa elasticity rayo uye simba. Izvi pamwe ane rakawedzera zviri mhepo iri Formação de. Bharero zvakaumbwa bhokisi yave kuwedzerwa transverse uye kunyanya anteroposterior dhayamita, pamwe chinjikira mbabvu uye yakafara intercostal dzezvimwe.
• Mutezo. bhokisi Izvi sezvo sandarara uye yakatetepa. Akazivisa collarbones uye akaronga asymmetrically. Mashizha zvakajeka lagging seri nerumbabvu keji, nzvimbo yavo siyana siyana uye nedanho afemeruke vachifambira asynchronously. Location mativi - slanting pasi. Mutezo chimiro pechipfuva inowanikwa akaondoroka vanhu, vanhu vane simba yepamutemo kukura, pamwe zvakakomba chisingaperi zvirwere, zvakadai tibhii.
• Rachitic. chimiro kwakadaro anonziwo keeled kana huku. It kunoratidzwa kuwedzera muna Anterior-posterior saizi uri mugumisiro okutambura uduku kusimba. Kileobraznaya chimiro chinovapo somugumisiro nemagene abnormalities iri kukura skeletal hurongwa. mapfupa bulging zvingazokubatsira kana kwete. Kwokuomerwa chirwere sei dzisiri zviratidzo kuitika nokuda compression mwoyo nemapapu.

• Fanera. mhando iyi pathologies runoratidzwa kuoneka isanamira kwemunhu zvikamu yembabvu, shwashwa, sternum. mwena udzamu inogona kusvika 8 cm. The raidudzwa fanera deformation iri pamwe misha mwoyo, curvature pakati nomuzongoza, matambudziko mumapapu, shanduko arterial uye venous kuvafurira. In vacheche, zvokurwara zvishoma kuoneka chete kana paine zvishomanana isanamira wokufema ari pachipfuva. It anova raidudzwa sezvavanokura.
• Scaphoid. Mamirire nokuti chirwere ichi ndicho pamberi elongate pakadzika pakati uye okumusoro zvikamu sternum. Ikabuda vana vachitambura kubva zvirwere tsinga, iyo chacho motor nerevane aikanganiswa. Zvakakomba deformation ari pamwe kupfupika mweya, kurukutika, kurovedza muviri kusashivirira, kakawanda palpitations.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Inokudziridza pamusoro pakanyorwa nomuzongoza zvirwere, kureva, thoracal, kana uri mugumisiro wakapona kukuvara.

Evolution akagovera kudzivirirwa kukosha zvomukati muchipfuva womunhu muviri wacho. Mugore thoracal mhango nhengo dziri, pasina yatisingagoni kurarama kwemaminitsi mashoma. Hard pfupa puranga anotidzivirira kwete chete, asi rinotaurawo navo zvachose chinzvimbo, kuona yakatsiga kuvhiyiwa uye tine inogutsa.