Mayfly dukutu: zvinoita sokuti, chii kuti vadye?

Munyaya ino tinoda kutaura pamusoro chisikwa akadaro duku, mayfly dukutu. Inogona kuwanikwa mumvura yakachena pakati chirimwa. Other mazana kusiyanisa ayo tunonzwa refu pamusoro wake.

Features mayflies

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvisikwa duku idzi tumbuyu mayflies kukupfura, uye vane yesayenzi zita kloena. Uye vakadaidza blizzard. hove zhinji mufudzi pavari uye mazana avo nomufaro mukuru. Moths kuwira mumvura, uye nehove ipapo zvinoodza dzinovabata munhu vaitire uye kudya.

Zvirokwazvo iwe kakawanda kuona magetsi ari chiedza kana magetsi ngarava anofadza uye akanyarara manheru boka nezvipukanana diki. Ndiyo mayfly. Ndivo nyore chaizvo kudzidza. Vane mbiri mbiri pane segirazi mapapiro yepasi, mberi nguva yakakura zvikuru kupfuura rwemberi. In wakadzikama ekunze zviri kusimba anofadza kuchengeta dzavo kutiza. Vakakurumidza anopapama mapapiro achibhururuka kumusoro, ipapo Vachaoma uye, kufanana parachuti, buruka.

zita Russian kuti "ephemera" pachako rinotaura pfupi nezvokuvapo zvisikwa izvi. Vanorarama kubva akawanda maawa mazuva maviri. Tupukanana unofadza nokuda larval Danho kwavo kunogona kugara kwemakore anoverengeka, asi panguva imwe chete, vanhu vakura akasunungura nguva pfupi chaizvo nenguva, izvo zvakaenzana maawa mashomanana kana rimwe zuva. Izvi gangaidzo kukura zvakaoma kutsanangura.

Sei dukutu mayflies?

Asi mazana nezvipembenene izvi kutanga mumvura. Vane mutete muviri uye dzakabudirira makumbo, uyewo mwanda kuti tracheal gills nedivi ari mudumbu. Mumwe dukutu mayflies ane nomwe nomwe gills, yakafanana sandara denderedzwa ndiro.

The matanhatu maviri okutanga nguva dzose-chinja, asi zuva rechinomwe anoramba mira. Pakutanga anotanga kufamba wokutanga peya, zvichiteverwa wechipiri uye zvichingodaro. D. Saka aumbwa kugara mvura kuitika ruchiyerera kubva mberi kusvika rwemberi gills yacho. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti mvura vafumiswa pamwe okisijeni, sangano iri gills yekudyidzana kufambira. Asi kana usina okisijeni yakakwana, vachifambira nokukurumidza zvokuti anosika mugumisiro "Naiwo" pamusoro pavo.

The mazana chikafu pamusoro mayflies?

The mazana chikafu pamusoro tudonhwe Organic zvinhu zviri zvakadaro kukura duku kuti murege kukwezva zvimwe zvisikwa hwemvura. Mayfly dukutu anogona ichi dongo kuva zvacho muviri, akavapindurawo, rinoshanda se mungabva zvokudya shiri, hove, amphibians, hwemvura tumbuyu dzinodya. Upenyu zvisikwa izvi zvizere ngozi, kwete vose vararame pakunamata. Chete vamwe kugara pasi dura kwemakore maviri, apo nokuteura guru yakawanda nguva. A achibva mumvura, pane maawa mashomanana, pashure izvo kufa chete. Adult zvipembenene mapapiro vari chaizvo vatete, uye makumbo vari chinopa simba kufamba.

Chii anodya akura mayfly dukutu? mouthparts kambuyu harisi kushanda, uye dzimwe nguva chose vasipo. Izvi imhaka yokuti chisikwa mukuru chete haadyi. The zvomudumbu gadziriro rezvipembenene uzere mhepo, nayo anosika imwe vachasimudza kubatsira kusimba mapapiro mayflies. Mouthparts of Tupukanana hadzisi kugadzirirwa kupa. Pfungwa iri kuti izvi unadapted venyama vakaona ichangopfuura. Asi ichi handizvo. Zvisaririra rezvipembenene izvi anowanikwa kunyange akaturikidzana ari Late Permian, zera ravo makore mamiriyoni 250 okuberekwa.

Adult mayfly: kubereka

In yechirimwa mamiriro vanozadzika masendimita maviri kana matatu. The muswe chikamu mayfly dukutu ane miswe matatu, yakareba chaizvo filaments, izvo ayo nevamwe chinhu. shinda aya kuvabatsira kushambira, chiito zvavo akafanana flippers kana muswe.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti akura Tupukanana mazhinji. Its upenyu kutenderera ndiyo nguva chinodiwa kuti ndiitewo kuberekesana kutiza, kwamaitira manheru pamhenderekedzo kana rwizi. Kubva remhashu varume nokukurumidza nhunzi mumiririri mumwe chete uye anobata nehadzi, inova vakagadzirira ruchikonzera. vakawanda mazai iri muviri wake. It unobereka vari mumvura, uye iye akafa. The mangwanani pashure ichi kuberekesana kudhanzi zvose pamahombekombe uye mvura pamusoro yakazara nezvipembenene akafa. Saka anopedzisa upenyu kunoita munhu mayfly dukutu uye upenyu hunotanga.

The mberi njodzi mazana

In the Great Lakes, iri kuchamhembe America, pane kudaro, kana marori anotorwa kubva mumigwagwa deposits guta rezvipembenene izvo nekufukidza guru rukoko migwagwa uye carriageways, achivaita panguva imweyo kusimba tsvedza. Kugumisa yokudanana kudhanzi, vakuru Tupukanana aurawa, asi mazai kuwira mumvura, chete kutanga hwavo upenyu yatinofema. Vane mashandiro anoshamisa inovabatsira vapone. zai Mumwe ari vakapakata matete filaments, izvo dzinokudziridzwa panguva kutanga anobata mvura. pemavara akadaro namira nharaunda, kuburikidza iyo zai kunogona kuitwa musi pasi mudhamu.

The mazana pamusoro mayflies kazhinji vakava vanhu mukonikoni mazana. Izvi dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya Zvipembenene kwete chete vadye mhando dzavo, asi nezvavakatapa pamusoro tadpoles uye furaya. Vavengi mayfly upenyu zvakakwana, saka haana zvose kuita zvakakwana upenyu kutenderera.

Mararamiro

Butterfly dukutu mayflies vanopedza upenyu hwavo hwose vari mumvura. Zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi maviri kana matatu makore oupenyu pemvura chisikwa anoteura kusvika makumi mana nguva kuti zvinyorwa kupfuura zvakakwana nezvipembenene. Somuenzaniso, shavishavi makonye Molt kashanu. A chinoratidza mayflies ndechokuti ivo Molt kamwe vano mapapiro. It anosiya mapapiro mvura, pabonde yakura asi kwete musimboti. Kwozouya chinotevera Molt, uye chiedza sokuti raibva Tupukanana, iyo zvino rwunotumirwa kuberekesana kutiza.

Miti yose mayflies kubuda usiku hwese, uye ushamwari chaizvo. Rimwe zuva, mumwe manheru yakanyarara pamusoro mvura pamusoro zvinogona kuonekwa yose vadzidzisi zvuru gumi nezvipembenene. nhamba yavo yakakura, kuti gore zvisikwa izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kwemazana mamita. Panotova zvimwe zviitiko apo kwakadaro sumbu mayflies glohnut michina nekuti radiators dzavo tsinga nezvipembenene.

Vakaurayiwa pashure iyo boka richitora mazamu kutamba venyama vari zvokudya zvakaisvonaka kuti hove. Fishers vaishandisawo sezvo zvipembenene chiteyeso kuti hove.

mayfly mhando

Pasi pose, pane mayflies anopfuura zviuru zviviri. Zvino Russia, izvozvo akacherechedza mhando anenge 250, izvo zvinopfuura zana rinowanikwa European chikamu. Rakajairika muchikamu kwedu tupukanana zvisikwa vechigaro mhuri-zuva nomwe, nemicheka-nezano, kaviri-tailed mayflies uye chipo. Duku uye kupfuura vakawanda vari vaviri-tailed.

A maonero pakukura Russia anogona kunzi nevakawanda mayfly iro rinoitwa munhu kureba 15-20 mm.

Inogarwa nezvipembenene?

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana mayflies vanogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Vamwe katanda kuti algae uye sora yakazonyorwa, vamwe vanosarudza vamire mvura, ukuwo vamwe dzakapinda pakudzika madhaka uye ungwandangwanda. In inoyerera mvura Zvipembenene akavanda pasi pamatombo. Hazvinei kuti mamiriro ezvinhu yaigarwa dukutu mhando, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo panguva zvomugungwa hwavo rinoungana yekutenga rukoko mafuta, iyo iye pashure wava munhu mukuru.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

zvisikwa izvi zvishoma zvinoshamisa akafanana mayflies, vane kumbonyanya yakareba kuvapo pemvura uye pfupi chaizvo uye nokukurumidza upenyu akura rwakazara. Vane inopenya, asi pfupi ndege nguva sokuti tarenda uye ephemeral.