Mashoko pamusoro peLermontov nevamwe vanyori. Mashoko evanhu vakuru pamusoro peLermontov

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov ane chokwadi chose chinogona kudanwa kuti munyori mukuru weRussia. Tarenda yake inoshamisa haina kupa nesimba rakazara kuti aratidze hupenyu hupfupi, hwakashungurudzwa. Nyaya dzinofadza zvikuru pamusoro peLermontov dzinosanganisira uchapupu hwezviitiko zvinouraya izvo zvakashungurudza mudetembi kuenda kuguva. Zvasara mushure mekufa kwake zvinoshanda mumhando yezvinyorwa, prose uye drama, yekutanga kupfuura iyo yakanyorwa pazera remakore gumi nemana, ipa pfungwa yekuti hunyanzvi hwakanga huri kurasikirwa sei pamabhuku edzimba uye zvepasi.

Kuratidzwa kwechigamba chitsva

Tarenda inoshamisa yaLermontov yakazozivikanwa nevanhu vose muna 1837, mushure mekunyorwa kwerimwe runyararo rwaAlexander Sergeevich Pushkin uye kufa kwake kunofadza. Kubva panguva iyo, pasina mutsara paLermontov inogona kugoverwa pasina kureva zita raPushkin, uye vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanotanga kutarisa murondedzeri wechidiki semutevereri wake.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti pamariro aPushkin shamwari yeafa akafa, munyori uye vanhu vose vF Odoevsky, vakaora mwoyo, vakati: "Zuva reduro reRussia rakanyura!" Gare gare mashoko aya akaonekwa mumutambo wake. Zvaiita sokuti pakanga pasina uye zvakare hapangazovi wechipiri wezwi rechiRussia saPushkin. Asi pasina nguva yakava pachena kuti izvi zvakanga zvisipo.

Mwedzi weRussia nhetembo

Kuonekwa kwechirevo chinotyisa uye chinotsamwirwa chakanyorwa neyeiyo yakanga isingazivikanwi Mikhail Lermontov cornet haina kungomutsa kusagutsikana mumakumbo ekumusoro, asi yakaratidzawo kuti chiedza chitsva chinokwira kudenga. Dai Pushkin yakanga isati yasvika zuva ranyura rudembo rweRussia, ipapo Lermontov, uyo akauya kuzomutora, akazova mwedzi uchikura. Uku kuenzanisa kwezvinyorwa zvemashoko makuru maviri anonyanya kuve nechinangwa kupfuura izvo zvinoratidzika pakutanga. Basa raPushkin, pasinei nhetembo kana prose, rakazara nezuva uye rinopenya negoridhe rakajeka. Kunyange zvazvo mabasa aLermontov anovhenekera chiedza chavo chakasiyana, chinojeka uye chakachena, chakazara nechakavanzika, chinyorwa chinoshamisa uye sirivha yakaisvonaka inopenya.

Kuongororwa kwemashoko eBelinsky uye prose Lermontov

Kune avo vose vanodzidza mubhuku wezvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvevanhu vakuru pamusoro peLermontov zvinogona kuva zvekunakidza. Kudzoka kubva kuutapwa hwekuCaucasi wokutanga, iyo yakatumirwa nhetembo kune kufa kwaPushkin, mudetembi muduku wechidiki Mikhail Lermontov akaudza vaverengi nevatsoropodzi nhamba yakawanda yezvinyorwa zvitsva, uye nhetembo "Demon" uye "Mtsyri." Mabasa emunyori mutsva akagamuchirwa noushamwari kwete chete nekuverengwa kwevanhu, asiwo nevakakurumbira vanyori vekutsoropodza magwaro emakore iwayo. Zvinonyanya kukosha kutaura nezvemaonero aVissarion Grigorievich Belinsky, uyo ainzi "mutongi wemafungiro evaduku" pakati pemakore ekuma1900.

Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeyekutaura kwaBelinsky pamusoro peLermontov kuti muongorori akakurumbira aiva mumwe wekutanga kugamuchira chipo chinoshamisa chechimiro chomunyori wechidiki. "Tart talente yaLermontov yatarenda yakawana kwete kwete chete vanoyemura vanoshingaira asiwo vavengi vane utsinye, iyo inowanzova tarenda yechokwadi chete," akasimbisa Belinsky munyaya yake "The Poems of Mikhail Lermontov", yakabudiswa muna 1840 mumagazini Otechestvennye zapiski. Muchidzoro chimwechete, muongorori ane simba akacherechedza simba guru rekusika remunyori muduku, sezvo "ikozvino kuedza kwekutanga kweLermontov kuporofita chimwe chinhu chakakura zvikuru mune ramangwana." Mukuwedzera, Belinsky akanyora zvakarurama: "Tarenda yaLermontov inoshamisa zvisingaiti nekushamisika kune ani zvake ane unyanzvi hwekunakidza."

Munyori Mukuru uye zvose zvakasikwa

Mutsamba ya1839 Belinsky anoyemura nhetembo "Mitatu mitatu" uye akanyora kuti munyori webasa iri "tarenda ine simba". Belinsky anonyora kuti mudetembi wechiRussia ane "unyanzvi" uye kunyange "dhiyabhorosi" tarenda, "mune chimwe chinhu chikuru chakavanzwa." Nokudaro, mutapi wenhau zvakare anosimbisa hukuru hwepamusoro hwemavheti emabhuku eLermontov, zvishoma nezvishoma akaonesa genius.

Mushure mokuverenga nhauri "The Hero of Our Time", Belinsky akapindura zvakashata nemufaro: "Nyaya ye syllable ndeyemheni yemheni, ipapo munondo unoputika, saka maparera anoparadzirwa pamusoro pevelvet! Iko pfungwa huru iri pedyo zvikuru nemwoyo weanoti ani anofunga uye anonzwa kuti munhu wese ... anoona mukati maro kuzvitenda kwemoyo wake. "

Uye kunyange zvazvo musangano wokutanga wegutsoropodza akakurumbira naPushkin uyo akatsiva asi haana kubudirira, zvisinei, kukurukurirana kwavo kwechipiri kwakabuda zvakakwana. Belinsky haana kufadzwa nemabasa aLermontov chete, asiwo nekunakidzwa kwemashoko uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemunyori. Maererano naVissarion Grigorievich, Lermontov semunhu "akazara uye akabatanidzwa," yaiva "mudzimu wakadzika uye une simba." Achirondedzera unhu hwemunyori wenhetembo, uyo anotsoropodza anoti "akafara kuona mukati maanoona, akaora mwoyo maonero ehupenyu uye vanhu mbeu dzekutenda kwakadzika mukuremekedzwa kwezvose."

Vanhu vakakurumbira pamusoro peLermontov

F. Bodenshtedt, mumwe wevatanthauki veMikhail Yurievich, akataura kuti kunyange zvazvo aiva "mudetembi anozvidzivirira, aikwanisa panguva imwechete kuva chinangwa", uye naizvozvo "ane chimwe chinhu chakafanana nevanyori vakuru nguva dzose kuti mabasa ake akatendeka anoratidza nguva yake Nezvose zvayo zvakanaka nezvinofadza. "

Mikhail Lermontov akanga asiri nyanzvi yekunyora, asiwo mumiriri wevanhu vaaiva navo. Nokudaro, kunyanya kukosha pakudzidza nhetembo yezvakasika ndeyezvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvevanhu vakawanda pamusoro peLermontov. Zvinoshamisa kuti havasi vose vevanhu ava vainyatsoziva mutetembi, uye mazhinji mhemberero dzake dzakanyorwa makore mushure mokufa kwake, sezvo Lermontov's biography yakarambidzwa ne tsarist censorship. Zvisinei, mune minyorwa inowanikwa yakanyorwa kubva kune vanhu vanozivikanwa panguva yeLermontov mumwe anogona kuwana mashoko akawanda anofadza uye anodzidzisa.

Hazvinyanyozivikanwi sezvinyorwa zvakakosha zveVissarion Belinsky, asi hazvina kufarira zvinyorwa pamusoro peLermontov nedzimwe nyanzvi, dzinogona kuwanikwa mumitembo yakatsaurirwa kwaari, tsamba dzevanhu vemazuva ano, memoirs, zvinyorwa, nezvimwewo.

Apollon Grigoriev pamusoro peLermontov

Mumwe mudetembi akakurumbira, mushanduri uye nyanzvi yezvinyorwa zvezana remakore re XIX. Apollon Grigoriev akanyora kuti Mikhail Lermontov "ane nzvimbo yakakurumbira munhoroondo yekufungisa kwepfungwa yedu sechinyorwa chechokwadi chekushungurudzika kwezera rake". Grigoryev akacherechedzawo revolutionary mafungiro evarombo vazhinji veLermontov, nokuti mukati mavo "munhu wacho akazosvika kumiganhu yakanyanyisa yekupikisa kwake." Maererano nemutsoropodzi, akaratidzwa munhetembo yechishuvo chekushandura uye mweya wekusununguka ndokuva chikonzero nei "kushorwa kwekutsvaga ... kwakabva kwaonekwa muLermontov iyo huru yakanga iri mairi."

Poetical dedicate

Tsanangudzo dze "guru", "yose", "dzakadzika" dzinofambidzana nemashoko mazhinji pamusoro peLermontov. Vamwe vanyori vanocherechedzawo chipo chakasikwa chekusika chisina kukwana chakaita mabasa aLermontov. "Mitsetse" yake, yakafanana nehombodo inoputika, yakapinda mumwoyo kupfuura zvose, " munyori weSoviet era, Yaroslav Smelyakov , akafadzwa . "Mukurongedzera kwake kwehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu, Lermontov" aisambove asina hanya, "akanyora muvambi wekuRussia chiratidzo, Valery Bryusov, uye, achicherechedza kuwanda kwezvinhu uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kupesana kwemashoko aLermontov, anowedzera kuti" akakurumidza kuenda kumatuka kubva kuimba ".

Konstantin Balmont pamusoro paMikhail Yurevich

Mamwe maonero uye mazwi pamusoro peLermontov nevamwe vanyori vanoratidzwa munhetembo dzakawanda dzakatsaurirwa kwaari. Semuenzaniso, Konstantin Balmont, munyori wenhau anozivikanwa zvikuru wekupera kwegumi nemapfumbamwe nemakore makumi maviri ekutanga, akapa mitsara inotevera kuMikhail Yurievich's memory:

Mune nhetembo imwecheteyo, Balmont inobvuma nekuyemura kuti Lermontov "genius full-fledged", uye kunyange "yakanga isina munhu". Mashoko mazhinji pamusoro peLermontov nedzimwe vanyori, vamwe vavo vaiva venguva yake, uye vamwe vakararama makumi emakore gare gare, mukuzara kwavo vanopa kunzwisisa kuti simba rine simba, riri munhetembo yeLermontov, rinokwanisa kusanganisa mazera akasiyana nemazera.

Lermontov's quotations, aphorisms, statements, phrases

Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich akasiya shure kwake asina kukwana asi akapfuma kugadzira nhaka. Mazhinji emitsara yake yakava nemashoko mapapiro, epigraphs uye kunyange mazita emamwe mabasa ekunyora. Semuenzaniso, nhau yaVV Kataev inonzi mutsara kubva munhetembo yeLermontov: "Nzira yega yega inova chena".

Quotes kubva purojekiti yaMikhail Yurievich

Murondedzeri wekuRussia anozivikanwa ane mazano mazhinji akachenjera, mazwi uye mazwi. Lermontov aiziva nzira yokuratidza pfungwa yake muchirevo muchirevo chekushanda kwemabasa. NV Gogol akatotaura kamwechete kuti "hapana munhu akamborondedzera zvakadai zvakanaka, zvakanaka uye zvinonhuwira nesu."

Nhaurwa kubva munhetembo yeLermontov

Munyori wenhema pachake akataura pamusoro pehupenzi hwekutenderera: "Kana nhetembo isiri nyore kuwirirana kwemashoko, saka hapana mubvunzo kuti ndiyo inonyanya kukudzwa iyo pfungwa yevanhu inogona kuisa." Yaiva nhetembo yakadaro uye yakasikwa Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Nhaurwa, mazwi uye aphorisms, ayo akapfuura mazana maviri emakore akapfuura ave mitsara yemabasa ake mazhinji, anoshamiswa nehupfumi hwemutauro uye kunyatsofungwa kwepfungwa.

Zvisina kujairika nezvemunyori

Nyaya dzinofadza zvikuru pamusoro peLermontov dzinosanganisira uchapupu hwezviitiko zvinouraya izvo zvakamunamatira kuguva. Kutenda mashura kwaMikhail Yurievich kwakaratidzwawo mune chivimbo chakasimba chokuti kutuka kuri pamusoro pemhuri yake yose. Vamwe venguva yechirangaridzo vakarondedzera nhau yaakaudza kuti, musi weLermontov akaberekwa, gypsy akafanotaura rufu kwaari achiri muduku uye kwete kubva kune zvisikwa zvipenyu. Nguva pfupi asati afa, mudetembi akasarudza kuvimba nekuguma nekukandira mari: kana gondo richiwa kunze, zvakakosha kuenda kune regiment, uye kana muswe uyu unouya kuPyatigorsk kuzorora. Mari yacho yakawira kumusoro. Vhiki mbiri gare gare, Lermontov akaurayiwa mu duel pedyo nePyatigorsk.

Chimwe chinyorwa chinozivikanwa pamusoro pemunyori ndechekuti hapana yemashiripiti gumi nemashanu eupenyu, hapana anopa mufananidzo wakazara wechitarisiko chake. Zvinotsanangurwa zvemazuva ano zvinotadzawo: vamwe vanonyora kuti Lermontov aiva nemaziso makuru uye nehuma yakakwirira, asi vamwe-asi, kuti maziso ake aiva maduku uye akareruka, nehuma yake-yakadzika.

Zvakawanda zvakadai zvisinganzwisisiki zvinosvika mumamiriro ehupenyu hwemunyori werunyararo, uye muhukuru hweunhu hwake. Chii chandingati, sezvo kunyange vazivana vepanyanzvi hwekunyora vakanga vasingakwanisi kupindura chaizvo mubvunzo wemunhu wechei Mikhail Lermontov aiva. Pane imwe chete vanhu vanogara panguva iyo vanotendeuka: vanhu vashomanana kubva pamusangano wekutanga vakave nemafungiro akanaka kwaari, nokuti anonyatsoziva uye anonyanya kukoshesa munyori wenhetembo aiwanzovanza pasi pechidzimba chakanaka chekunyomba.

Mukupedzisa

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich "chirevo chechizvarwa", saApollon Grigoriev akazvitumidza. Aine ndima dzake uye, kunyanya, prose, akanyora chiratidzo chaiyo chepfungwa yevechiduku venguva yake. Zvisinei, kusanzwisisika kwekunzwisisa kwemabasa aLermontov ndeyekuti inonzwika chaiyo kunyange shure kwemazana emakore.

Nhetembo uye rondedzero yeLermontov iri pedyo zvikuru nevadzidzisi, sezvo vanhu vazhinji vakazviwana vari munharaunda yakadaro yemagariro evanhu, vakagadzirisa dambudziko rakafanana rakashata uye vakapinda mumatambudziko akafanana. Zvisinei, chete Lermontov akanga ane tarenda yakakwana kuti ataure pfungwa iyi.