Gambrinus. Summary, Analysis, Feedback

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin ndiye munyori chaiye, zita rake nderimwe remazita anozivikanwa zvikuru uye anozivikanwa ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Mabasa ake "Pomegranate Bracelet", "Moloch", "Duel", "Gambrinus" (muchidimbu muchidimbu uye kuongororwa kwacho kuchaiswa pasi apa) uye vamwe vakapinda muhomwe yegoridhe yemabhuku eRussia. Kuprin aiva chimiro chakaisvonaka kwazvo. Akaramba achida kuziva, saka aiwanzengura uye akazviedza mumabhizimisi akasiyana-siyana, mabasa - kubva kumudzimai wemazino kuenda kune imwe nguva.

Mhosva kubva paupenyu hwake yakava hwaro hwemabasa akawanda aAlexander Ivanovich. Zvakawanda zvebasa romunyori zvakabatwa nekunzwira tsitsi kune avo vanowanzotarirwa kukwevera dambudziko rakaoma mune imwe nhamo, inerter environment. Kuprin akaratidza tsitsi iyi kwete chete mukuratidza hupenyu hwehutsika hwezasi hwevanhu (inoverengeka pamusoro pehupenyu hwevakadzi vanoita zviri nyore "Yama"), asi mumifananidzo yekutambura, masimba ane njere. Munyori akanga asina unyanzvi hukuru hwemabhuku ekunyora, maonero ekuona kwekuti, asiwo ehuwandu hwemavara. Kutaura, mifananidzo uye chigadzirwa chepfungwa munyori akadzidza zvakanyatsocherechedza - inoonekwa kunyange mukudzika uye kunetseka kwemifananidzo yemhuka, iyo Alexander Ivanovich aifarira kunyora pamusoro pake. Nhoroondo iri mu Kuprin's works inowanzosangana nezvinetso zvepo. Kufungidzira kwake pamusoro peshuvo yekurarama, kuvenga uye rudo, kusimba nesimba, kuora mwoyo kunodzokorora nyika yemweya ye "murume muduku" pakuputika kwemakore.

Mutambo weupenyu

Nyaya ye "Gambrinus," ine zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinodzidziswa kune vamwe vose maererano nechikoro chekuchikoro, yakasikwa naA Kuprin munguva yakavhiringidzika yezvakaitika pakati pezvakaitika zviviri zvakaitika muRussia. Yakava yakajeka, inofananidzira kuratidza kusabatana kunoparadzaniswa kwevanhuwo zvavo vane tsika yavo. Zvinyorwa zvebasa zvinounza muverengi mutambo wehupenyu hwevashanyi kune doro rakagadzirwa neGerman zita rokuti "Gambrinus" riri paDheibasovskaya yakakurumbira mumugwagwa muOdessa. Mifananidzo yepakutanga uye yakajeka yemashuga, iyo inonyanya kukosha pakati payo iyo yakasiyana-siyana yemimhanzi yeSashka-violinist, inozadza mhepo yepanguva iyoyo mavara asina kunaka. Izvo zvakafuridzirwa uye zvinopenya zvemuimbi, zvisinei nezvakaitika zvezviitiko zvinosuruvarisa uye zvinotyisa izvo zvakaita kuti nyika yose yeRussia iparadze upenyu hwevazhinji vayo, inotsanangurwa mukusiyana.

Murume ndutsanga, asi kufunga

Kuprin akashandisa nzira inonakidza yekunyora . "Gambrinus" pamwoyo wechirongwa ine pfungwa inogunzva nyaya yekusingaperi yekusafa uye kukunda unyanzvi pamusoro pekuratidzwa kupi kwehupombwe, utsinye uye utsinye. Mumwe musayendisiti wechiFrench wechiGiriki B. Pascal akapa tsanangudzo yake yeumwe munhu kufunga kwake kwefilosofi: munhu rutsanga, asi rutsanga rwekufunga. Iyi pfungwa yakatorwa na Kuprin ndokuendeswa kumabasa ake ekunyora. Mashoko ehutano hunoti munhu angave akaremara, asi unhu hwechokwadi huchapona uye hunokunda, hunyoro hwekushandurwa kwemashoko aPascal, zvichiita sokuti apotheosis yeushingi uye simba.

Special magic

"Gambrinus" - nyaya yacho shoma, ine mapeji mashoma makumi maviri. Asi mutsara mumwe nomumwe wakazara nemashiripiti chaiwo uye magwaro ekunyora magwaro emunyori. Iyo nhoroondo inofadza muverengi, ichimuchengetedza mukushungurudzika kusingatauriki, pasina kusasiya kusava nehanya, kusava nehanya nezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvinoitika muRussia yeRussia yenguva iyoyo. Izvo zvisingaverengeki zvemaJudha zvepabonde mumazuva mashomanana zvakaparadza mweya unofara wekuremekedza, hukama hwakanaka pakati pevagari vemo, kamwechete vachikandira mumigwagwa inofadza yeguta regungwa kuva dongo rakanyanyisa rekushaya xenophobia. Kuprinovsky "Gambrinus", ane zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvisingakwanisi kuratidza kutenderera kwemashoko emunyori, anorondedzera zviito zvekuparadza zvakagadziriswa neVane Mazana Makuru. Munyori anotsanangura mune zvakakwana zvakananga kuti vakadhakwa sei, vakanyarara vakapinda mudzimba dzevanhu, dzimba, dzimba dzisinganyadziswi muvashandi uye mumibhedha, dzakatengesa mari, dzaida vodka, zvino rwiyo rwekuimba. Mutsara wega wega unotsanangura muverengi anonzwa tarenda rezvenhau remunyori.

Civil position

Kuprin's civil position inonzwisiswa kuverengwa nemuverengi pane tsanangudzo yeimwe yezvikamu zvinokosha, apo pakakwirira ye-pogrom maOdessa mason asinganzwisisiki akauraya imbwa yake yaanoda Sashka the violinist. Muchiitiko ichi chinotyisa nekunzwisisa kwakasiyana kwekutsanangura kwezvokwadi, munyori anoratidza kutsamwa kusingagumi kwehupenzi uye hasha dzevanhu. Vanhu vakajeka, vakanyengerwa uye vanoshandiswa nezvivako zvemasimba uye kuchinja kwemaitiro ezvinangwa zvavo zvezvematongerwo enyika, ndivo vanotambudzwa nezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvinouya. Kuvhiringidzika kwake uye kurwadzisa munyori haana kuratidza mubasa iri chete. Nzvimbo yehupfumi inotaurirwa nenyaya "Kusuruvara" uye "Brad", iyo Kuprin akanyora zvakare. "Gambrinus" inopesana nevamwe mune imwe nzira yakananga uye yakasviba. Iyi ndiyo mitemo chaiyo yekutaura kwemashoko: zviitiko zvose nezvinhu zvinotsanangurwa nemunyori zvine fomu yakagadziridzwa, kuumba mukati mekunzwisisa kugadzikana kune mumwe nemumwe.

Kuongorora kwekusika

Basa re "Gambrinus" rekuongorora rakagamuchirwa. Chiitiko chinoshamisa chezvisikwa zvekunyora zveKuprin panguva imwe zvakapiwa naLobert Tolstoy, achicherechedza maitiro ake akajeka. Maxim Gorky akarongerwa kupa munyori zita rekuremekedza remuimbi we revolution. Zvisinei, apo Kuprin akaendeswa kune dzimwe nyika shure kwezviitiko zvakaitika muna Oktober, maonero pamusoro pake uye nebasa rake zvakashandura zvakajeka, uye munyori haana kudzokera kumasangano ekuvandudza mumabasa ake. Zvimwe izvi ndeimwe yezvikonzero nei zvichikosha kuverenga nyaya "Gambrinus". Nhepfenyuro haigoni kuratidza hutwo hwakakwana hwomunyori.