Markakol - chikepe muEast Kazakhstan: tsanangudzo. Water Resources of Kazakhstan

Markakol nemabhangi ayo zvinonyanya kunakidza: mvura yakajeka iri pachena, mabhangi ane zvakawanda mumiti yakasiyana-siyana (fir, larch nemiriwo). Nemhepo ine nyoro yemhepo, gungwa rinofukidzwa nemakumbo emvura yakareba asina kuchena, ayo akafanana nekakanda kamuvara kechigwayana. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero ichi chiva chine zita rinonakidza.

Izwi rokuti "brand" rinoreva zita remunharaunda yemwana gwayana, uye "rin'i" - dziva.

Panosvika pane nzvimbo yeCharakakol, kuti chii, pamusoro pezvinhu zvayo zvakatipoteredza nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nekuverenga nyaya ino. Asi kutanga kwezvose tichapa muchidimbu ruzivo rwemashoko pamusoro pezvivako zveKazakhstan.

Reservoirs of Kazakhstan

Mvura yemvura yeKazakhstan haisi yakawanda kwazvo, uye inoparadzirwa zvisina kufanira munharaunda yayo. Nenyika yose, reRepublic ine zviduku zvinopfuura 85 mamiriyoni ezvenguva pfupi (periodically drying out), makungwa nenzizi. Chavo chikuru chekudya - glaciers nechando.

Nzizi dzakawanda ndezvenzvimbo dzakapfigwa dzomukati dzemakungwa maviri (Caspian uye Aral), uyewo makungwa makuru: Alakol, Balkhash naTengiz. Yega Irtysh, Ishim naTobol vanotakura mvura yavo kuGungwa reKara.

Mvura yemvura yeKazakhstan inosanganisira dziva huru, dzinosanganisira Tengiz, Zaisan uye Seletioneniz. Iyo yakaisvonaka kwazvo, kwete munyika chete, asi pasi pose, ndeye Kulsai (Almaty region), Borovoe uye Bayanaul (Northern Kazakhstan), uyewo Zaisan naMarkakol muEast Kazakhstan.

Iyi dziva yakafuma mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehove dzemvura. Pano pane peche, carp, crucian carp, bream, nezvimwe. Kune zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvepasi pevhu muKazakhstan. Munenge makomo ose ezvikomo pano ane hupfumi muzvinyorwa zvakanaka zvemaminerari, achibvumira kuvaka nzvimbo uye nzvimbo dzekunamatira munzvimbo idzi dzinoshamisa dzinoshamisa.

East-Kazakhstan region

Iyo nzvimbo inopinda neChina neRussia. Nharaunda yaro yakawedzerwa muna 1997, apo yaimbova Semipalatinsk nzvimbo yakaiswa muRipublic. Guta reUst-Kamenogorsk ndiro nzvimbo yekutungamirira. Iyi nzvimbo yakaumbwa muna March 1932.

Zvivako zvitatu zvakakura zvemvura -Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shulbinskaya neBukhtarminskaya - dzakavakwa pamvura huru. Munharaunda iyi iLake Zaisan, Alakol, Sasykkol uye, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, iyo yakanakisa dziva Markakol.

Nehupfumi hwezvisikwa zvenyika, East Kazakhstan nzvimbo inofananidzwa nechepamusoro uye pepa pepepa, iyo, kana yakarongedzwa, ine nzvimbo yakakura ine mvura isingagumi nemamwe masimba ezvisikwa. Pano pane zvakasanganiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakwirira-mabhanhire uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: zvipfeko zvakadzika, makomo, masango-masango, nezvimwewo. Pakati pehupfumi hwose uye pano apa ndiyo dhamu rakachena, iro rinorondedzerwa mune mamwe mashoko pasi apa munyaya yacho.

Lake Markakol

Kazakhstan pakati pezvivako zvezvisikwa zvekare zvinoshamisa kuti gungwa rakanaka gomo. Markakol ndiyo yakakura dziva muAltai Mountains, ichipararira munharaunda yeRepublic of Kazakhstan (Altai Kazakhstan). Nzvimbo yepamusoro yaro ndeye 455 square mita. Kilometer, uye yakareba yakadzika mamita makumi matatu. Kureba kwegungwa iri makiromita makumi matatu, kureba makiromita makumi mana.

Iyo dziva inofadza mhando dzakasiyana dzemvura pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze. Mvura ine ruvara rwebhuruu kana ruvara rwebhuruu pazuva rakajeka, nemamiriro ekunze achichinja nzvimbo yegungwa inova grey-yakasviba, nechishamiso chisina kupisa.

Lake Markakol iri mumakomo, pakakwirira mamita 1,448. IBhaikal inodarika nzvimbo yaro nechinomwe chemazana makumi manomwe, asi mvura mairi ose ari matsva, uye mamwe hove akafanana zvakakwana.

Nzvimbo yegungwa ndiro bheseni pakati pemakomo eKurchum neAzutau. Inenge netsozi 70 dzinopinda muna Markakol, uye imwe chete (Mvura yaKaljir) inotangira pano. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti Rwizi rweCaljir, ruchibva mugungwa, runopinda muGukhtarma gungwa pashure pemakiromita zana .

Mhenderekedzo yegungwa iri kumaodzanyemba, asi kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe yakadzika. Muzhizha, mvura inoputika kusvika pa17 ° C kumusoro, uye kusvika 7 ° C pasi. MunaNovember gungwa rinopisa, uye muna May rinosvinudzwa.

Kubva

Maererano nevana geologists, dziva racho rekare-ravepo kubvira panguva dzekushanda. Inopa mvura uye pasi pemvura. Markakol inonziwo gungwa rine zana nzizi.

Mhedzisiro yegungwa yakabatana nechimwe chezvikamu zvegungwa zveAlpine tectonic cycle (Quaternary period). Munguva dzekare, semugumisiro wekusimudzira uye zvikanganiso zvakatevera, imwe nzira yemazuva ano ekudengenyeka kwemasvikiro uye magwenga akaumbwa, gare gare akazarurirwa kugadzirwa. Nzira dzechiitiko chekupedzisira dzinonyanya kutaurwa pamurwi weKurchumi, pamativi ayo emvura.

The Legend

Markakol - gungwa, iro rinoumbwa nenyanzvi dzinoshamisa. Semuenzaniso, chimwe chezvinyanya kutaurwa chinotaurira nyaya iyo yakaitika kune gwayana duku.

Pakati pezvikomo, mumupata pamvura yakachena, kamwe baba nababa vakadya makwai. Ikoko kwakanga kune imwe yemhando yegwayana yemakwayana mumapoka avo (shoko rinoreva "kuberekwa munguva yechando"). Pane imwe nguva gwayana rinomhanya kunwa mvura kubva mutsime. Pakarepo, akakweverwa mumvura. Mukomana uyu akaona izvi ndokumhanyira kunobatsira gwayana kuti amubatsire kubuda, asi hapana chakauya kubva, shure kweizvozvo akadana baba vake kuti vabatsire. Vose pamwe chete vakakwanisa kuchengetedza marashi. Kubva panzvimbo iyo iyi yakaitika, mafashamo emvura akafashamira mafashamo makuru, ayo akafashamo mafuro, uye ipapo yose yakazara mupata ... Kubvira ipapo, maererano nevegari vemo vekumaodzanyemba kweAltai, gungwa racho rakaonekwa richidaidzwa kuti Markakol - "gungwa rechando chegwayana". Zvisinei, masayendisiti mazhinji anonamatira kune maonero avo ezvesayenzi ekutangira kweropa.

Nature Reserve

Markakolsky State Reserve, iri kumaodzanyemba kweAtai, inzvimbo inoshamisa apo masango anotema ari kukura pamatombo ematombo emakomo, dzimwe nguva inotenderedzwa nefirati, apo mabhiriki, spruce neApen zvinokura pedyo nenzizi nemafungu. Iyi nzvimbo yakasikwa nzvimbo inonakidza uko iwe unogona kuwana marudzi akadaro ezvitsuwa seaspiberi, honeysuckle, imbwa yakasimuka uye currant.

Kuenda kwairi kwakaoma. Zvakakosha kuyambuka kaviri kuburikidza nehasha "Zhaman Kaaba" (rwizi) uye kukunda yakanakisisa asi haisi kudarika kupfuura. Chikumbiro chikuru chezvi nzvimbo zvakanaka zvinoshamisa isango gungwa, iro ndiro korona yekunaka kwete kwete chete, asi yeSouth Altai rose.

Hove, mhuka dzesango uye shiri

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehove dzinobva kuLake Markakol dzine grayling uye lenok (uskuch).

Iko kunofanira kuonekwa kuti inongova iri mune dziva iyo inoshandiswa. Iyo inomiririra analogue yemunharaunda yehove dze Lenok, iyo, pamusoro pemakore akawanda ega ega, yakagamuchira zvayo zvayo. Iyi ihove inokosha, inofananidzwa nesaumoni.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kunyange zvazvo iri pakureba kwakanaka kubva pakuchengetedza, Markakol anotambura zvikuru kubva mukupinda kwevanhu. Vaparidzi vanosvikawo pano kuzogadzira caviar inokosha. Nokudaro, nzvimbo yacho yakasikwa munzvimbo dzomunharaunda.

Maererano nenyaya dzekare-kare, mumvura uye nzizi duku dzinoyerera muGungwa Markakol, pakati pezana remakore rekupedzisira kwaiva nemafuta akawanda uye masikirati ayo kunyange mhou nemabhiza zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kupinda mumvura munguva yekusvitsa (kutya) - zvikoro zvehove zvakagumbusa mombe kubva patsoka dzavo. Vabati vehove vakaneta nokuyera kusvika pamakilogiramu makumi matatu. Nhasi, zvakadaro hazviitike ...

Pakati pezvipfuwo kune mhuka dzinonzi wolverines, sables, mhumhi dzvuku (zvisingawanzo) uye kunyange mhuka.

Markakol igungwa riri munharaunda yegungwa iyo shiri dzakawanda dzinogara: madada emusango , mashokwe ezvimedu. Ikokupedzisira ndiyo inzvimbo yezvi nzvimbo. Nyeredzi idzi dzakawanda dzinosvika pamakona emiti mikuru uye pamatombo mumhenderekedzo yeGungwa Markakol. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti ivo vanongogara vari voga, uye vaviri vavo varipo vanoramba vari vapenyu.

Nhasi Markakol igungwa, pamahombekombe ayo kubva mambakwedza kusvika kusviba musuruga wegorogi wechando anodzungaira. Hondo yakangwarira uye yakavanzika haisi kutya vanhu. Zvakawanda zvakachengetwa uye dzimwe shiri. Nesting pano ndiyo mavhiri, seagull, madaki, grebes uye waders. Masango akazova nzvimbo yekate, black grouse, matanda grouse uye partridges.

Zvishoma nezvemamiriro ekunze

Mamiriro ekunze anowanzoenderera mberi. Zuva pano inenge yakaoma kwazvo, yakawanda yechando inowira. Ijiji inosvika 55 degrees pasi pe zero. Ivhareji yegore negore inokwana 4.1 degrees Celsius, uye inofanana nekushisa kwakadzika muSouth Altai.

Muzhizha, kutonhorera kwemweya kunogona kukwira kusvika kune 29 degrees. Pamusoro pe zero, usvondo hwezuva nezuva hunopisa zuva remazuva 162 pagore, uye subzero yekushisa inotora mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri.

Mhedziso

Mamiriro edzi nzvimbo idzi dzakapfuma uye dzakawanda. Zvose nzvimbo dzepanyama pano dzakanaka.

Munhu wose akashanyira nzvimbo idzi dzinonakidza dzinogara dzakada kudzoka uye kugara kwenguva pfupi chete nechinakidza uye chinoshamisa.