Asbestos: kukuvadza kuti utano hwevanhu

vanhu vasati vakaziva kuti asbestos ane zvinhu utano, chichiri kushandiswa muminda National upfumi siyana. Vazhinji vose - pakuvaka zvivako siyana uye ezvirevo. Kusvikira manonwe remakore rapfuura, ndiye fibrous zvinhu kunyanya ainzwisisa kuti ayo kwazvo chafariz kugadzikana uye kwazvo ekunze kukakavadzana. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, masayendisiti akateerera vamwe kunaka zvivako zviri asbestos. Zvakaipa utano hwevanhu izvi zvinhu uye kwayo nezvainoita nharaunda zvave chinhu ongororo dzakawanda dzesayenzi.

Zvakabuda basa, mashoko aya rakawedzerwa ndandanda zvinhu zvinokuvadza Classified ne IARC, nhasi zviri kukurukurwa rimwe carcinogens zvikuru ngozi. Asi nei vanhu kufunga rokuparadza zvivako izvi zvinhu? Vangani chaizvoizvo kunounza asbestos utano njodzi? Edza kunzwisisa.

Chii asbestos?

Asbestos - a chicherwa vechigaro muchikwata yakaisvonaka-faibha silicates. Zvakasikwa, pane mamwe deposits ayo. In yayo dzinongoitika chimiro chiri chicherwa remubatanidzwa ane spatial nemamiriro muchimiro kusanduka fibers thinnest. Maererano chivako pane zviviri nzira:

• amphibole asbestos - ane chivakwa muchimiro zvakananga tsono-zvakadai fibers;
• chrysotile asbestos, kana asbestos chena - ane chivakwa muchimiro unomonereka, kuti kwakaoma curved kana kusarurama fibers.

Amphibole, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa subgroups maviri - crocidolite (zvitema asbestos) uye amosite (brown asbestos).

More ngozi pfava amphibole asbestos nokuti kukuvara utano zvidiki uye unopinza inoramba kuti inhaled murume ari kuparadzwa faibha. Kamwe mumuviri, ruvengo guruva hakuiti kuiparadza uye haina kubviswa mumapapu - apo yatova hwose, zvishoma nezvishoma kukura kupinda zvinyama uye nomuchetura hondo.

Serpentines vane manyoro yakarongeka, saka vaiona zvishoma ngozi. Ivo, kusiyana amphibole, akakurumidza ichiputswa uye kubviswa muviri pasina anokonzera zvakaipa.

Apo asbestos rave richishandiswa?

In kwayo ichatonga zvine mbiri ari chicherwa chainyanya kushandiswa siyana inoshandiswa munyika motokari nemauto, shipbuilding, avhiyesheni, uye chokwadi rokuvaka. Nanhasi tinogona kusangana fuma iyi dzinogarwa muzvivako akare, apo yaishandiswa pakuvaka mutopota kuputira zvinhu, sirin'i uye uriri Slabs, pendi uye kupedzisa zvokuvakisa, sezvinoita esimende chirungiso uye kugadzirwa nemakadhibhokisi pabhodhi. Izvi zvinhu ari kushingaira kushandiswa pakuvaka dzokugezera kumba mapindu. Cottagers haana pfungwa kana nenharo kukuvara asbestos utano iri yakawedzera kakawanda.

Yaishandiswa kugadzirwa mutengi nhumbi - Heaters, mhuri nemidziyo, zvizoro, uye kunyange zvaAtemisi crayons vana. Panguva iyoyo hapana munhu akanga asina zvaitika, kusvikira kunogona kuva nengozi nezvimedu maduku asbestos.

kukuvara utano kunokonzerwa yokuwana chicherwa ichi, akanzwa pakutanga vose vanhu uyo aimbotaurawo kugadzirwa kwacho.

mashoko okutanga nezvengozi zvicherwa

mashoko okutanga pamusoro utano chinokuvadza asbestos akatanga kuuya pashure pokuongorora revashandi pakuchera miseve, anoshandiswawo mubasa ravo mashoko. Vashandi vakawanda vave kuzivikanwa pathologies siyana, zviratidzo kenza uye kazhinji pachena hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka munyika kufema ino.

Mushure zveBhaibheri zvakawanda, International Agency for Research musi Kenza muna 1987, vakazivisa mugumisiro: zvinokuvadza utano asbestos. kenza yemapapu, mesothelioma, vakawanda fibrosis, asbestosis siyana nekuomarara uye dzimwe mhando kenza anomera mumuviri womunhu kuonekwa nokuda simba amphibole.

The European Community vakakatyamadzwa nemigumisiro, saka nhasi kushandisa mashoko aya pakuburitswa kana kuvaka zvachose hakubvumidzwi munyika dzakawanda. Pakarepo shure mashoko anokuvadza kwevanhu kugara amphibole dzawanika kuruzhinji mune dzimwe nyika vakatanga danidziro siyana nokuda yaitsiva asbestos tubhokisi zvinoumba pamasikiro dzimwe zvinhu.

Zvinoita kudzivisa zvinokonzerwa?

Zvinosuruvarisa zvachose kubvisa asbestos tubhokisi zvinhu kubva upenyu hwedu hazviiti. Izvi chicherwa mune duku kwazvo muvhu, mhepo uye mvura. Nhasi, maererano nokumwe kufungidzira vashandi vanopfuura miriyoni imwe siyana maindasitiri vari kuonana zvinokuvadza nokuda nekusagona chokudzingwa ake ari wenharaunda yaitongwa izvi achiri.

Apo asbestos ichiri kuwanikwa

chicherwa ichi richiri aripo ekare yokutevedzera motokari, vamwe dzinogarwa zvivako zviri Suburban muzvivako akare. Nokuti vazhinji cottagers kunobva kukuvadza zvikuru kuti utano - asbestos ari kugeza. Pashure pezvose, kunyange munguva Soviet, yaishandiswa somoto nemishonga zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana coatings.

Asbestos haachemeri, asi vari pachena kuti mukuru tembiricha anotanga kuputsa, apo nokusimbisa amphibole chinokuvadza. Havasi Varidzi zvose nyika anamapako vanoziva kuti chiso rufu pachavo vavo nemhuri.

Makuriro nhasi

MuRussia, pasinei undoubted kukuvadza utano asbestos huri Zvinoumba vanopfuura 3,000 zvakasiyana zvigadzirwa: rinoshandiswa kuti pagadzirwe filters uye matende, pepa makadhibhokisi, rokudzivirira nezvokupfeka Vadzimi uye vamwe asbestos zvokuvakisa. In nyika yedu iri kubvumirwa kushandiswa munyika dzakawanda maindasitiri michina, asi shandisa kunofanira zvakanaka kudzorwa.

Nenzira, pano zvakafanira kuti kuchengetedza. Kukuvadza muviri kwete asbestos zvigadzirwa, uye tudonhwe chicherwa ichi mumhepo iri muchimiro slurry yakanaka. Kazhinji yakaturikwa chete mumunda kukura zvinogona kuonekwa wakanaka asbestos guruva mune dzimwe kwesayenzi dzinotsanagura maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kana kuparadzwa kwezvivako akare. It anofanira kupwanya nemaune chigadzirwa asbestos tubhokisi (zvakafanana pabhodhi) kuti yakaipa nezvimedu mudzimai zvakatipoteredza.

Zvisinei, chero chigadzirwa pamusoro nguva kutanga kuputsa. The kukwegura of chicherwa fibers vari rwakakamukana rakatsetseka, ndiwo chinhu uye anogona kuva allergen nomuviri womunhu. Kamwe mumapapu, inoramba ikoko nokusingaperi rinoparadza asbestos. Kukuvadza utano, kukura kupinda zvinyama, zvinounza kwazvo. Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo chirwere wokutanga kunogona kuitika chete pashure akawanda. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu vanouya nevanhu muguruva, siyana kenza dzidzo Paavhareji paiva makore 7 chete gare gare, varwere vakawanda vakatora akatowanda.

inotyisa nhamba

Maererano World Health Organization nhamba (WHO), kuti asbestos hunokonzera kenza kufema hurongwa 20% wevarwere. Saka, nokuramba asbestos michina yose.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Kunyange zvakadaro haana kubvisa chaiwo sei asbestos guruva kunokonzera zvirwere zvemapapu. Zvichida kutanga abnormalities kuitika nokuda akakuvadza kune mucous membranes, kuchikonzera hyperplasia isiri yekenza, metaplasia, uye epithelial kuwanda. Kuratidza metaplasia chokuita makemikari anoumba mamwe chicherwa ine kieselguhr. Pane mafungiro kuti kwaita oncological zvirwere bronchopulmonary hurongwa asingadi kubatsira zvemakemikari zvivako zviri asbestos uye zvikuru bronchiectasis kuchinja kuitika somugumisiro dzose inhalation guruva.

Zvisinei, chero zvazvingava, hwaro chirwere muri kufema turakiti anogumbura pezvakaitwa sezvo chirwere rhinopharyngitis uye bronchiolitis kunokonzerwa zvemaziso uye makemikari kugara asbestos guruva.

Zvichengetedze nevadiwa vako! Regai kutambura kubva kukuvadza kunoita inokuvadza muguruva!