Marasha rweUkraine. Coal kuchera muUkraine. A tani kuti marasha, mutengo

Coal mumwe mukuru simba pfuma Ukraine, izvo zvinogona kunzi sezvo muinjini youpfumi kwayo. Mamiriro ari marasha indasitiri vachishoropodza zvikuru uye kunoda nezviyero vanotsigirana. Munyaya ino ari nemamiriro indasitiri, akataura pamusoro aina uye youhu wokuUkraine marasha, ayo reserves, uyewo kuongorora huru matambudziko aripo munyika mumigodhi.

Coal sechivimbiso zvoupfumi rusununguko

Ukrainian Coal ndiye chete simba panobva kuti ichapa munyika yakakwana akawanda. Coal indasitiri anopindura guru mugove maumbirwo mafuta uye simba yakaoma uye yekudyidzana kunokanganisa mamiriro upfumi rose. The kuwedzera profitability pamusoro nemauto zvinoita kuti upfumi zvinogona rweUkraine. Uye munguva nematambudziko ari simba pamusika ari kutambura marasha wose bhizimisi uye vakarondedzera maindasitiri.

The profitability of marasha indasitiri

Anogadzirwa Donets Basin marasha ane kudhura. Izvi imhaka hombe kudzika akaturikidzana uye simba shoma kuwana. High mari vari substantially kudzika profitability yacho marasha indasitiri. Industry kuwedzera mari, nezvoupfumi dzinorumbidza kutsvaka mikana chokuwedzera kwayo kuwana uye kuderedza chicherwa deposits pamusoro dzokubudisa mari. The marasha indasitiri anoonekwa kuti mutengo-vanobudirira kana kwemari kubva marasha rokutengesa kusapfuudza mari kwete asingasviki 16%. Vanenge vose Donbass zvimbambaira regai runodikanwa ichi, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira inofanira kufukidzwa.

Coal nemigodhi muUkraine

In Ukraine pane zvimbambaira anenge 150, 90% wavo dziri mudunhu Donbass. On Ndima yayo pane anodawo zvimbambaira anenge 100, mokusvinwa simba uye yepamusoro coking marasha, 14 mumigodhi dzine mamiriro kuzvimirira emakambani ehurumende, uye 28 marasha makambani voga anazvo.

Lvov-Volyn bheseni anopindura vanenge 10 zviuru ba. Km. The marasha reserves munharaunda dziri diki, saka migodhi anodawo kubva 15 dzakarongwa kusiya 2. chete The deposits pakukura shava marasha vari Ternopil uye Zakarpattya kumatunhu, uyewo pamusoro munharaunda Pridneprovsk lignite bheseni. Mune Dnepropetrovsk nharaunda, pane vaviri marasha Makambani: DTEK uye Pavlogradugol, kurasa izvo pane zvimbambaira 10. Vanopfuura 40 mumigodhi yemarasha riri Lugansk mudunhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, nokuda akaoma ezvoupfumi ezvinhu Ukraine, vamwe vangu vakatengesa uye ukapiwa-refu leases kumakambani vanhu.

Coal reserves muUkraine

Maererano rakanyorwawo data, Ukraine ane mabhiriyoni 33,873 arşive matani marasha reserves, rinova 3.9% wenyika reserves. Izvi, mabhiriyoni 15,351 matani vari anthracite uye bituminous marasha, vamwe - lignite, kana shava marasha. Kuongororwa uye ongororo nyanzvi Ukraine matura zvinokwana izvi kwemakore 460.

Vazhinji mumatanda mukati munharaunda Donetsk, Pridneprovsk uye Lviv-Volyn bheseni panguva yakawanda kudzika. Inventories kuti aripo zvimbambaira pamusana bhiriyoni 6,1 matani, izvo zvinopfuura inowira hafu pamusoro anthracite, uye vakasara - nokuti coking marasha.

Types of marasha mined

On muganhu Ukraine inobereka mhando nhatu marasha: lignite, marasha uye anthracite. Brown nhema ari kudzika 1 km uye chinomiririra dzinongoitika inotungamirwa Organic residues akafa yomuka pasi zvazvinoita mutoro uye tembiricha yakakwirira. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa hwakanyatsorwisa yakaderera combustion tembiricha nokuda mukuru mwando kugutsikana (anenge 40%). Hafu yayo sezvamunoita kuumba kugadzikana zvinhu.

Coal ichaongororwa kuva mhando Tourism okutanga. Kushandiswa kwaro zvakonzera kwemaindasitiri, iyo akaberekwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu marasha indasitiri. Coal rine mvura ndoda (anenge 10%), zvichiguma guru mafuta uye yakakwirira combustion tembiricha. Volatiles vanoumba 32% ayo akafanana, saka marasha iri dzakaparira zvakanaka. Akaturikidzana of Zvisaririra panguva kudzika anenge 3 km. Coal iri mined kuUkraine muna mumigodhi Donetsk uye Lugansk kumatunhu.

Anthracite marasha ndiyo mugiredhi yakanakisisa. Iye akanyora zvinenge zvachose kuti kabhoni. Anthracite kunoratidzwa yakakwirira calorific kukosha uye yakakwirira yemagetsi conductivity. Asi nokuda kwayo sezvamunoita, zviri havaratidzi zvinobata moto. mhando iyi marasha iri kudzika 6 km. Kumboda anthracite deposits dziri mugomo neeSultan kana dzimwe nzvimbo dziri pasi simba fambisa pasi goko.

Vachikanganisa marasha muUkraine

Zvikurukuru, mutengo marasha aumbwa kufungisisa zvinotevera:

• dzinongoitika - okunze munharaunda, nzvimbo kuruwa, hwokugadzira zvechadenga yomunharaunda marasha musono ukobvu nokudzika nezvimwe zvirwere Geological;
• Kugadzirwa - zvokunyama nehwaro migodhi makambani, inokosha midziyo rwokugadzira.

Saka, nyanzvi vanotarisira zvinonyatsorehwa mutengo uye kuongorora unhu chicherwa zvinhu, kusarudza zvakadini tinorasikirwa munhu tani kuti marasha. Mutengo neimwe mhando padombo iri yakasiyana. Mhando dzakawanda dzinokosha anthracite. mutengo wayo paavhareji kubvira 2000 kusvika 2500 OMR. / T. The yakachipa pashiri ndiyo zvisvundu marasha (anenge 1000 OMR. / T) munyika Zvisaririra mafuta nepamusika.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mari Tourism zvakare hakunei kugiredhi yavo uye boka. Saka, zvakaoma kutaura kuti chokwadi zvakadini tinorasikirwa munhu tani kuti marasha. Mutengo rudzi nhasi yakasununguka uye yakaiswa makambani zvakananga migodhi.

Kunze kwenyika uye kupinzwa ose Ukrainian marasha

Ukrainian indasitiri anoshandisa marasha simba kumarudzi sechinhu mbishi zvinhu ari simbi indasitiri. Kana chafariz marasha - anthracite, nyika yake ane rakawandisa. Saka, nedombo mhando iyi vanenge 70% kuti marasha kurimwa muUkraine (kazhinji aivigirwa kune dzimwe nyika). Muchiitiko chino, pane rokushaya guru coking marasha.

Saka, Ukraine kuti marasha anogutisa zvipfuwo charehwa 60%. Chikamu chetatu mamiriro coking marasha kupinzwa kubva Russia, USA, Kazakhstan uye dzimwe nyika. Zvinenge vhoriyamu yose zvikaramba anthracite upise simba kambani muUkraine. Zvakawandisa yakawanda Zvisaririra dombo nyika kunze kwenyika kuBulgaria, Poland, Turkey uye Iran. Kupinda musika European makuru zvemaBhaibheri zvakaoma nokuda pamberi guru matura yepamusoro marasha muPoland uye Germany. Uyewo, iyo rutapudzo kuti ekisipoti vazvo yekudyidzana kukanganisa kukura muEurope kupa US he kupfuma. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura, kudiwa marasha muUkraine kuderedzwa 20%.

Zvinetso marasha indasitiri

The marasha Indasitiri rweUkraine kwenguva refu nguva iri mudambudziko. Maererano nezviremera, vanopfuura 70% kubva pazvinhu yesangano iri bhizimisi vanoda updating uye kugadziriswa. Makore 30 dzamarudzi kushandiswa, vari yekudyidzana Worn uye vanoda kutsiviwa. Pasinei nokukurumidza rwokugadzira kukura, vakawanda zvimbambaira vachiri kushandisa zvikurukuru remaoko.

Yasakara guru vakafungisisa marasha yepamusoro. Kana uchishandisa vaneta-kubva michina mined dombo mamwe zolistye. Sezvo vakaipa uye yechinyakare hwokugadzira chawo yekudyidzana kukanganisa negoho basa, kuwedzera kukosha zvikaramba padombo.

Coal kuchera muUkraine kunoda yokuwedzera mari. Vanonyanya kupa mari iri marasha indasitiri enyika ndiyo hurumende bhajeti uye ayo nzira pachavo nechinzwano okuwana Enterprises. Nokuti kukura nemauto ichi hwenyika kunoda guta. Uye kuti akwezve mari kubva kunze, unofanira kusika anokwezva zvakatipoteredza zvebhizimisi.

Mukuwedzera, marasha indasitiri rweUkraine ane chemhando mwero wokufa kwevanhu uye pamwero tsaona kubasa. Pasinei nezvose zvakaitwa nehurumende, iyo marasha indasitiri ndiyo ngozi chinoumba upfumi kuti utano hwevashandi. Maererano nenhamba, ari dzokubudisa kuti marasha kune mamiriyoni mumwe akarasikirwa avhareji miners maviri.

Dambudziko rakakosha Ukrainian Carbs indasitiri ndiyo yakawanda wemarasha methane choutsi. Hurumende iri pamusoro munyika shanu achirifananidza choutsi (izvo pamusana 80% rokuvhiya zvimbambaira). Nyanzvi vari kushingaira kutanga zvirongwa nokuda kwayo Utilisation, asi zvakadaro kusvikira ivo akakwanisa kusika zvinhu nokuda kubudiswa chete 1/10 yose inowanwa choutsi.

Very inokanganisa kukura marasha mugodhi zvoupenyu simba unregulated kwemarudzi. Part okuwana iri 10% of zvachose nesimba marasha migodhi.

Nzira kuvandudza marasha indasitiri

Kugadzirisa matambudziko pamusoro apa zvakakodzera kuti vaite zvakawanda zviyero zvainanga mazuvaano, rokuvakazve uye Optimization kuti marasha migodhi. Zvirongwa zvakadaro wakatozviitirwa rakatangwa muna mamwe zvimbambaira uye kwakaita kuti nokuwedzera profitability remapazi.

Uyewo, hurumende inofanira kusimbisa simba rayo mutemo uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu. Kubudirira pazvinangwa izvi, nyanzvi ndakasika munhu kukura nzira dzinokosha sectors hwenyika uye kushanda mabasa ose pamwero mukuru simba nemari.

Saka kuti marasha kubva kuUkraine akanga yemakwikwi mune kumisika vatorwa uye zvinopa zvizere mumhuri vade, hurumende inofanira kushanda muna zviviri anokosha: mazuvaano kuti bhizimisi uye kuita gwara kwakachena, kufungisisa kuitika ezvinhu zvoupfumi.

indasitiri Outlook

Kunyange zvino Ukraine kunzwa enyika uye zvoupfumi rikwanise dambudziko, uye vamwe zvimbambaira kumbomira oparesheni, asi marasha indasitiri munyika ine zvinokosha tarisiro. Kufunga kuti marasha zvikuru inogara muUkraine, ayo kugadzirwa aigona kuva mune ramangwana inokosha inokosha indasitiri munyika.

Kufungisisa pfungwa okukura ari marasha maindasitiri mune dzimwe nyika uye guru kusimba kugadzirwa yavo kwemarudzi, munguva dzazvino Ukraine nani kutenga marasha kunze. Kana nyika munguva yemberi iri pedyo ichapindura mikuru nyaya nokure, ipapo indasitiri uchatanga kukura nokukurumidza uye kukwanisa kuunza upfumi kuvandudza.