Chloroacetic asidhi: Kugadzirira uye makemikari zvivako

Chloroacetic asidhi riri acetic acid, umo mumwe hydrogen maatomu ari boka methyl akazova akasununguka kuiisa chlorine atomu. Zvinonzi vakazvigadzirirwa zvokuverengera acetic asidhi kuiisa chlorine.

Huru mbishi zvinhu achigadzirira ndiye acetic acid. Chloroacetic asidhi inogona kuwanikwa hydrolysis kuti trichlorethylene.

Hydrolysis of mishonga chaiyo chigadzirwa yapihwa. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inosanganisira kushandiswa wakachena kwakadonhera mvura pasina tsvina.

Chloroacetic asidhi rinoshandiswa chokuwana nekuve madhayi, zvinodhaka, mavhitaminzi, uye mishonga yezvipembenene siyana. Rinoshandiswawo senzira pose-basa yeimwe (surfactants).

Chlorination kuti acetic asidhi mune svikiro pamusoro inorganic catalysts (kureva acetic anhydride, sarufa phosphorus) vakawana chloroacetic acid, ane nzira CH ₂ Cl-COOH:

CH ₃ -COOH + Cl ₂ ↑ → => CH ₂ Cl-COOH + HCl.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Chloroacetic inouraya iri hygroscopic, läpinäkyvä sekiristaro vane utsotso zvokusvika 61,2 ° C uye Kubika achitandadza 189,5 ° C. The fuma iri nyore soluble (sezvakunoitwa doro kana nenzira aqueous unosvikirwa, uyewo acetone, benzene, uye kabhoni tetrachloride).

Monochloroacetic asidhi - ane muchetura uye ngozi zvikuru fuma kana anwa rinowanzova kuona rufu. Pashure kuonana ganda chloroacetic asidhi kunokonzera kwazvo kutsva kuti murege kuporesa kwenguva refu.

Inhalation iine acid mhute inogona kuchengetwa anogumbura kuchinja mumapapu, uyewo okumusoro kufema turakiti.

Kushanda maindasitiri miti kuti pagadzirwe monochloroacetic asidhi kutambudzika kutyorwa hwezvinonhuhwira, chisingaperi rhinopharyngitis, peeling uye kuoma ganda.

Uyewo panguva kwenguva refu kusakarongeka pamwe nehasha zvinhu zvinochengetwa maronda ganda Epiderme e, akaratidza dermatitis kumeso, mutsipa, okumusoro kuviri, mu zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko - the mutumbi.

Chloroacetic asidhi ari mumuviri womunhu dzikwanise asidhi tiodiuksusnuyu, riri yabudiswa muna mutsvina yadzo weti uye.

The chikuru nzira zvokungwarira kushandiswa:

- mukanyatsochengeta wairambidza fema vapor, gasi, utsi, uye guruva;

- nguva dzose kushandisa unodzivirira midziyo kana kuita basa chokuita kuwadzana asidhi (impermeable overalls, kuchengeteka magogorosi, rabha majombo uye magiravhusi);

- mune nyaya inhalation kana kuonana asidhi paganda hwobva kutsvaka unyanzvi hanya padyo zvokurapa chivako.

Kunonyanyisa zvinobvumidzwa hunonzi njodzi Kuwanda chloroacetic asidhi pakuburitswa mukamuri mhepo inenge imwe MG / m ^3.

Kana iine acid zvekufambisa, zviri mumapepa ari polymeric mugaba (mugaba kana mudende), faibha ngoma uye simbi midziyo. Anogona yaitakurwa chero achishandisa akafukidzwa zvifambiso.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti monochloroacetic asidhi riri zvinobata moto uye putika. fuma Izvi zvikuru zvinobata moto.