"Zyklon B": kare, kunyanya makemikari omuviri zvivako

"Zyklon B" - uyu zvikuru simba muchetura, iyo yava kushandiswa sectors siyana okurima kugadzirwa. Zvisinei, mukuru mukurumbira awana sezvo chombo kuti vakawanda kuparadzwa kwevanhu nevaNazi panguva Second World War. Sezvo kwemakemikari ichi rinobudiswa pasi yakasiyana zita kudzivisa shamwari zvinotyisa.

pfupiso

"Zyklon B" ibhuku rakasiyana tupukanana. chikamu ichi mishonga yaiwanzoshandiswa rokurima mabhizimisi. Kubvira namapfumbamwe remakore, vakanga kushandiswa kudzora tupukanana uye tupukanana. Mishonga yezvipembenene vanouraya yakawanda ngozi zvokudya kwemabhakitiriya tsika. Vanogonawo kudzivirira huni kubva ngura ne siyana nezvipembenene. "Zyklon B" chakaitwa maererano hydrocyanic acid.

By pacharwo, inowanikwa miti yakawanda, maindasitiri gasi uye kunyange midzanga. Zvisinei, yakawanda asidhi ngozi kwazvo kuti utano hwevanhu. Kwakavakirwa rehydrogen cyanide. The yokupedzisira ine kushingaira namakemikari ehupfumi. Hydrocyanic asidhi haana ruvara, asi ane rakajeka zvakanaka. Uturu morekuru vakareruka kupfuura mhepo mamorekuru, nokuda asidhi iyi kugadzikana chaizvo uye nyore kuzununguswa.

Start kutsvakurudza

Active kushandiswa makemikari sezvombo akatanga munguva World War First. chepfu zhinji, dzakadai yemasitadha, akawana zita rayo kubva panzvimbo yokutanga yetsiva kushandiswa. Pashure pehondo, Germany aigona kuva muuto rayo pachake. Naizvozvo, kwakasarudzwa kutumira huru mauto kudzidza nzira zvinoparadza muvengi. Musoro tsvakurudzo iyi rakanga Fritz Haber, uyo kwemakore mana kusati kuti akahwina Mubayiro. Fritz kubva 1911 vaiita muchivande kukura pasi pachake utungamiriri Kaiser.

Haber, pamwe nemamwe mishonga German, akaedza kuumba idzva muchetura kuti zvingadai Munopfuura zvose munazvo. Munguva yeHondo Great, Germany yakanga achishingaira kushandiswa kuiisa chlorine. Zvisinei, akanga kumuremera uye anononoka. Mushure yokutanga pokuparadzwa vatsigiri akashongedzerwa yayo nechemberi makemikari mishonga. Saka kuti masoja aiva nguva kupfeka zvifukidziro, sezvinoonekwa zvinokambaira gore jena. Masayendisiti vakatora chinetso ichi nyaya uye akataura nezvekubatsira prussic acid.

Kusikwa "Dutu"

Cyanide, iyo yakaumbwa nemhaka chepfu ichi, rava chaizvo "yakakurumbira" muGermany panguva iyoyo. Akawana siyana mafomu. Luftwaffe vezvikepe ave chinu iri mushonga cabinet, kwete kurega kurarama muutapwa. Uye vose kwokufananidzira yeNazi hurumende kuti-mana gore rechishanu ndiro vakadaro vakakurumbira vakanga sezvariri vari mazino. Gebheri akatanga kuedza cyanide uye vakauya naye zvivako zvitsva. Somuenzaniso, isu akamisa "Dutu B" iri-maviri rechipiri gore. Zvimunakire aiva mamiriro aggregation. All huripo asati kurwisa chepfu vari gaseous, uye "Dutu" ndiyo adsorbent. Gypsum granules zvakazara hydrocyanic asidhi vaiva akazowedzera pakudzikamisa nevamiririri uye methyl. Granules vakanga dzoga chepfu Hauoneki gasi kwemaawa anoverengeka.

"Zyklon B": zvainoita muviri womunhu

Uturu anoita muviri womunhu munzira dzakasiyana, zvichienderana chipimo chemushonga. Kukurirwa pakachena mhepo rufu zvinogona kudziviswa urongwa nenguva kurapwa. Kunyange nezviratidzo nomuchetura simba richiuya pashure gumi namashanu matanhatu maminitsi. chimiro ichi anonzi anononoka-runoyerera chepfu. Light kudhaka kunosanganisira kuda kurutsa, dzungu, kusingafadzi kuravira pamuromo. Zvakakomba tsandanyama kuneta kunotungamirira zvakakomba kupfupika mweya kana kuita kunyange zviduku chaiko nesimba. Zviratidzo Vose munyoro kudhaka zvakaitaika shure kwemazuva matatu. Zvinotevera Zviratidzo anowedzerwa panguva neavhareji muchimiro kudhaka: zvisipo, kakawanda kurasikirwa pfungwa, nezvipusha, kuderera kwemwoyo, Flushing ganda pigments. Zviratidzo zvinogona kugara kusvika pavhiki, kana zvokurapa kupindira anogona kudzivisa kurasikirwa chavanoziva.

Action "Zyklon B" ari muchisungwazve nzvimbo rakaipa. Kana muchetura yakawanda chepfu gasi muvanhu anovandudza fulminant muchimiro kudhaka. Pakarepo pashure pokukundwa munhu anorasikirwa kuziva. Zvadaro kufema kakawanda uye kufamba kweropa. Persistent pfari anenge haagumiri. Kufema Anodzivisawo pashure maminitsi mashoma, uye inotungamirira kurufu.

Kushanda nevaNazi

gasi maturo "Zyklon B" muvanhu yakatanga kuedzwawo 1941. Vari musasa wevasungwa kuAuschwitz yaishandiswa pamusoro POWs Soviet uye vamwe vasungwa. The initiator of chepfu kwakaitwa Karl Fritsch. Gas vakavhiyiwa zvakasimba chaizvo uye hakudi chero mari. "Zyklon B" zvinoberekwa kambani German "Degesh", izvo zvakaunza makemikari kuti chipembenene kudzora. Chotyroh makirogiramu kuti "Dutu" zvakakwana kuuraya zviuru zvevanhu. Akadaro nzira rokuurayiwa akabvumirwa oborshturmbannfyurerom SS Rudolf Hossom. Izvi iye pana rokuNuremberg hondo kwemhosva miedzo.

Pakutanga raishandiswa chete mapoka "rufu." Zvadaro, musasa vanachiremba vakatanga kutora vasungwa vakanga vachirwara kwevhiki dzinopfuura mana. Uyewo ari gasi mumakamuri wavatsakatisa vasungwa vasingakwanisi kushanda. Action penga nokuda kokuchembera vaNazi aifarira crystals. The Auschwitz gasi mukamuri kuti vanhu vanosvika zviuru zviviri vakasikwa panguva imwe chete. Pashure paizvozvo, chiitiko zvaizoparadzirwa mamwe yevasungwa.

Group "Zyklon B"

Achisiyanisa Association nomuchetura zviri mubereko kwaari kubva dzakawanda okunyanyisa kufamba. Kunyanya, Russian marara-dombo bhendi akatora zita sezvo zita chepfu. Group "Zyklon B" anotevera mutemo nationalist maonero. Kufarira yeNazi aesthetic, Ungangove, uye zvakaita kuti kusarudza zita.

Zvokuridza boka raiva rakakurumbira zvikuru pakati vezvourudzi uye kodzero-bapiro misoro. Asi yakatanga muna 2007. Vakawanda Nziyo boka vakapinda mazita evanhu zvinhu hakubvumidzwi. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhengo dzeboka akakwanisa kunzvenga kusungwa. Muna 2016, vakaparidza kusikwa itsva zvekuimba chirongwa. Theme rwiyo inoramba yakafanana, asi zita akachinjwa kuti "kushorwa".