FSUE Khrunichev. Khrunichev. Roskosmos. Khrunichev State Research uye Production Space Center

Federal mamiriro unitary Enterprise Khrunichev. Khrunichev, akasikwa 1993, kwemapazi nemakambani makuru maviri munyika iri Aerospace indasitiri - KB "Salyut" uye injiniya Khrunichev fekitari, akanga asina chete kuchengetedza uye kusimbisa zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu zvinogona dzakasiyana zvachose mamiriro National upfumi, asiwo kuvandudza basa kunyatsoshanda saka kuti zvinobvira kupinda munyika nzvimbo pamusika.

kusangana

A purogiramu inokosha iyo vakabvumira nehurumende Russian Federation ndokukweverwazve kumusoro maitiro pamusoro pokumuka mabhora ose nzvimbo maindasitiri, nokumisa kuchinja uye kukura mupomerwi bhizimisi muna 2001. Maererano nawo uye akasika kupfuura Integrated maumbirwo yakavakirwa Khrunichev. Khrunichev - kugadzira uye kuvaka rinorema-kirasi kanda nemotokari.

Huru basa raiva nokusangana richengetedzwe zvose zviripo kwesayenzi, hwokugadzira uye mumaindasitiri zvinogona kubva zvebhizimisi, kupa chokupika paruzhinji zvokuvakisa, iyo inopa yeUnited nzvimbo chirongwa.

Achipa chirevo

Muna 2007 makanga chirevo wenyika maererano ichi yeUnited mamiriro unitary vachida. Khrunichev. Khrunichev kwemwedzi gumi vaishanda pamusoro nokubatanidzwazve uye kuwedzera mamwe mapazi mana sezvo Federal State Unitary Enterprise, apo aitungamirira basa raiva Federal Space Agency uye Federal Agency kuti Federal Property Management.

Nemhaka kubatana sezvo Affiliates of kugadzirwa sangano "Flight" Moscow zvebhizimisi kuti 'Length "pakuunganidza midziyo, ari Voronezh Mechanical Plant, uye gare gare Bureau of Chemical Engineering pavo. Isayev, chirevo wenyika akanga akatakurwa zvachose.

kuvaka-up

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 2008 Khrunichev. Khrunichev awana nokudzora rokutambudzikira Perm zvebhizimisi "Purotoni-PM". Pane dzakabudiswa RD-276 - mvura chitundumuseremusere Motors, kushandiswa senzira simba chairema wokutanga Danho chitundumuseremusere "Purotoni M" (rinorema kirasi). Uye muna 2009 kusvika Khrunichev. Khrunichev inotevera vemutungamiri chirevo akagamuchira anogoverana of Chemical Automatics Design Bureau - nyika mutungamiri pakasikwa chitundumuseremusere michini, nhengo zvachose zvose aigarira nzvimbo zvirongwa venyika yedu.

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu ano, zvakanaka akashongedzerwa pakutsvakurudza uye kugadzirwa shamwari, anokwanisa kupa yose kutenderera munhu chitundumuseremusere injini (mvura chitundumuseremusere injini) achizvidavirira uye nokuda nesayenzi uye national zvoupfumi - a Design Bureau of Chemical Automatics. Senzira FSUE Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva KBKhA izvozvo anosika yakanakisisa michini, akakudziridza RD-0124A rinoshandiswa rechipiri uye rechitatu nzendo Newest Russian kanda nemotokari. "Angara" Somuenzaniso, kupinda muchadenga kubva cosmodrome Russian chitundumusere-musere rinorema kirasi.

History uye jogirafi

Muna 2011 akabudisa purezidhendi chirevo, maererano izvo FSUE Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva ndina bazi idzva - FSUE "UKVZ Kirov". Zvino chikamu nzvimbo centre zvinosanganisira, kuwedzera kune apa, zvimwe RHM (Rocket uye Space Factory), KB "Salyut" ZERKT (uchishandisa nzvimbo injiniya chirimwa), EQ, uye nevatengi nhumbi (chirimwa rwokurapa uye nevatengi nhumbi).

Total Khrunichev State Research uye Production Space Center ane mapazi pfumbamwe munzvimbo nomwe siyana, kufukidza yose nyika - Moscow uye kumatunhu - Moscow, Vladimir, kuChelyabinsk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, uye ikozvino muCrimea.

VRP uye nevatengi nhumbi

fekitari Izvi yakaumbwa mukutanga nineties uye akanzi ushande pakusika michina yemhando yepamusoro kuti pagadzirwe yepamusorosoro yepamusoro zvibereko anorapa achishandisa mitemo engineering, apo yokutanga ndiyo michina uye midziyo nokuda yevanorwara zvikuru madhipatimendi ose hyperbaric oxygenation uye hypoxia. Somuenzaniso, pane chimwe okisijeni kumanikidzwa kamuri, akavimbika, sezvinoita vamwe chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo rwokugadzira. Totally akasiyana Michina chawo uye vabudirire chiitiko mudonzvo zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa munzvimbo ino vakarega mu pfupi inobvira nguva kutanga, kuronga kudhindwa uye kubudiswa akatevedzana yakasiyana zvokurapa mano, akadai barosistemy BLKS-307 BLKS-303MK, BLKS-301M.

Wakashanda kubudikidza siyana injiniya EQ uye nevatengi nhumbi muchiuto muzvipatara zvinoti: Burdenko, Vishnevsky, kuti Interior hwoUmambo uye Federal Security Service of Russian Federation, Institute of Sklifosovsky, NC pamusoro Surgery, MMA Sechenov, vakawanda zvimwe zvokurapa masangano. High rakavimbika chigadzirwa kunoitwa nevanhu zvemichina uye kudzora mamiriro, iyo inokosha kugadzirwa nzvimbo michina. chirimwa ichi riri: Moscow, Novozavodskaya mumugwagwa, 18.

ZERKT

Pedyo ndiyo fekitari apo vaiita mukushanda chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo rwokugadzira. The chikuru nzvimbo yebasa ndedzinotevera:

1. Kugadzirira kanda chitundumuseremusere (kanda motokari) panguva kanda nzvimbo.
2. Apo iwe kuvaka uye ushande panguva spaceport zvivako kuti ILV (Space zvombo rwendo) "Rokot" uye "Purotoni".
3. Dyarai vashandi vachange kuronga basa uye kuitawo overhaul dzavo uye vavakezve UK (kanda zvivako) panguva Baikonur Russia ( "Rokot" uye "Purotoni").
4. Heino kusika uye nokushanda AAC (nzvimbo chitundumuseremusere yakaoma) "Angara".

The chirimwa kutarisirwa uye chirimwa kutarisirwa muMoscow (Novozavodskaya Street), iri munharaunda Khrunichev. In Kazakhstan panguva Baikonur "cosmodrome" yakavakirwa kutiza-bvunzo chawo. Uyewo ari Arkhangelsk nharaunda anomhanya wechipiri ndege-bvunzo chawo panguva cosmodrome "Plesetsk".

RHM

Enterprise "Roscosmos" havazokwanisi kushanda zvizere pasina mufekitari yepamusorosoro zvakadai, sezvinoita nzvimbo chitundumuseremusere. Technology ndiyo zvemberi uye ruzivo-nyanyisa, chokuita kuti kugadzirwa.

Basa iri kugadzirwa: Steel, jira-simbi, kunyorwa, machine, chishandiso, gungano uye nomoto, uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.-gungano, Electro-makemikari, chafariz nependi coatings, kemikari ndeiya yakaita azvikuya, rabha zvigadzirwa, chinoumbwa zvinhu uye plastsmass, netambo, pneumatic Vacuum bvunzo mu nemhando dzose uye vazhinji zvimwe zvakawanda. akasiyana-siyana mabasa akadai anopa nzanga, umo kupindurawo makambani nemamwe "Roscosmos".

All kurimwa vari vaipupurirwa uye kubvumira chigadzirwa kuti soro mugiredhi rakavimbika uye yepamusoro. fekitari ichi kwete chete zvibereko nhumbi vakagadzirira akagadzirwa vanodhirowa, asiwo kuva mashoko reference, chirongwa pachako zvose zvekushandisa zvokushandisa zviripo kugadzirwa pezvakaitwa.

Rocket uye nzvimbo indasitiri

Russian dzesangano "Roscosmos", iro anotonga yose munyika nzvimbo maindasitiri, hwakagadzwa kutendeuka Federal Space Agency. Uye akatanga nzira yake akatisiyira kuna Ministry of General Machine Building, zvino, aivapo akawanda dzinongoitika rokuvakazve, kusangana pamwe zvebhizimisi uye tsvakurudzo masangano, idzo Parizvino kwayo sezvamunoita. Vazhinji nzvimbo yokutsvakurudza uye ushingiwo nokubudirira chakaitika panguva yaitonga Soviet Union.

Office "Roscosmos" muMoscow, ndege kudzora centre - muna Queen uye kugadzirira cosmonauts pa Star City. Maguta Vose vari zvakananga pasi Moscow. "Roskosmos" anoshandisawo matatu cosmodrome "Plesetsk", "East" uye "Baikonur". Anokunda pamwe chete nzvimbo masangano dzimwe nyika, kuitwa-muchadenga hurukuro yacho satellites, muchadenga kunoongorora uye masayendisiti vari kushanda pamwe chete pamusoro ISS, pamwe chokuendesa vatorwa pachiteshi anoita "Roskosmos". Dzesangano iri pasi rose Aerospace indasitiri.

zviratidzo

The Soviet Nguva basa Bazi General Machine Building akanga zvechokwadi rakasiyana nemamwe. Russia rava chaiye nzvimbo simba kuburikidza wokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite, yakatanga kufamba muna October 1957, mapikicha vakashinga muchadenga kunoongorora imbwa Belka uye Strelka, vakapararira pasi rose muna November 1957. Pakupedzisira kwakasvika musi April 1961, apo munhu wokutanga vachimbundira muchadenga - Yuri Gagarin. No zvishoma mufaro kuwanikwa muna 1965 kuti Alexei Mazura kutanga akafamba kubva muchikepe nzvimbo munyika. Zvino takaenda nzvimbo chikepe "Buran" uye orbital chiteshi "Mir".

Muna 1991, Ushumiri akanga kurongwazve chokuita pokuwa USSR uye sezvo mukuru Ushumiri muchirongwa kubvuta masimba. Chikamu vanovengwa nzvimbo indasitiri raiva munharaunda mamwe anoti. The zvemari dambudziko haabvumirwi aite mutana utariri wokuenzanisira pamwe nouya zvivako uye michina. Bazi General Machine Building yakaguma. Muna 1992, RSA (yokuRussia Space Agency, rinotaura zvakananga Hurumende iri Russian Federation kushomeka nhamba revashandi iri mazana maviri namakumi maviri vanhu yakaumbwa.

Space ushanyi

Mari yokutsvakurudza nzvimbo yaiva rikwanise kuperevedza, nokuti nzira yekupedza dambudziko iri yakawanikwa. Ini vakatsigira nzvimbo ushanyi indasitiri. Muna 2001, musi commercial hwaro inosvika makumi matanhatu akatumirwa Dennis Tito, uye ipapo vashanyi vakawanda nomwe zvakadai pakati chaizvo vakapfuma. Station "Mir" pakazosvika nguva rakashanda katatu kutsamwa kwake upenyu uye akanyura South Pacific.

kuvakwa cosmodrome "East" kwakatangwa muna 2010, uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare vanhu vakatanga kushandisa vakasununguka mepu basa - "Roscosmos Geoportal". Pakazosvika 2015, richangobva akasika dzesangano kuva kunze dambudziko, post-perestroika makore. Kugadzirisa vaifungidzira rusununguko kubva tsika nineties - opacity mari zvakanaka uye zvirongwa, uye kunyange pfuma, pane kwose nokuda dhirika Minobschemasha. Areas yebasa "Roscosmos" akaita kuwedzerwa zvakati. Muna April 2016, yokutanga pakuparurwa kubva cosmodrome "East".

chikuru mabasa

"Roskosmos" Corporation rinopa Implementation wehurumende gwara, pamutemo murau, inopa rubatsiro uye Rinotarisira pfuma vari neHurumende pasango nzvimbo mabasa.

Kuti vawane dzakawanda co-oparesheni, vagari zvirongwa uye zvirongwa, anoshanda zvehondo midziyo chokuita chombo uye nzvimbo uye uto kwemashoko zvine urongwa rwendo. Saka nechokwadi parity uye geopolitical zvinobatsira pamusoro vavengi.