Zuva nezuva tinoshandisa zvigadzirwa yaigadzirwa PVC. Chii fuma ichi?

Zvinofanira akati kuti upenyu ano hwaizova kusagadzikana chaizvo pasina PVC. Chii kuti upfumi ano? Details of PVC nhasi vari kusvika 15 makirogiramu ari zvachose kurema avhareji motokari European, mashoko aya rinobatanidzwa kugadzirwa mutengi nhumbi (balls, zvipfeko, shangu, fenicha, uriri yokufukidza, makadhi, etc.)

Mushonga kweinopfuura hafu remakore anoshandisawo PVC. Chii chinogona kuonekwa achitaura chete-kushandisa michina vakawanda. Ungawana kupi pasuru kuti mapiritsi, matai, kuvhiya magiravhusi, catheters, mano kuti kudyisa, ropa muhomwe. Izvi zvinhu kunoratidzwa yakaderera cost, yakabudirira kwakatsiva rabha uye girazi, nyore sterilized, rinogona kushandiswa mukati mumuviri womunhu.

Kana tikatarisa zvinhu mumusha wedu, vazhinji vavo vari rakagadzirwa PVC. Chii chinogona kuva? Polyvinyl chloride kazhinji hwaro magetsi kuputira, zvikwepa, hwindo Profiles, matoyi, kavha zvinhu, mobile phones, hombodo mapurasitiki, sepombi kuti mushonga wemazino uye zvakawanda.

Chii chinoratidza munhu kwakapararira PVC? Chii pamwe makemikari pfungwa? Maererano yemaitiro (-CH2-CHCl-) mu dhigirii N (mwero polymerisation) PVC chinhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa polymer raiva nechigadziko uye rinobudiswa kubva kuiisa chlorine uye mafuta (57 uye 43 muzana azvaitwa). Production pezvakaitwa pa isingasviki pahafu anotomirira zvokuyamura mishonga mafuta, iyo inoita kusunungurwa zvinhu izvi kunobatsira uye mutengo wayo - pasi.

Polyvinyl chitarisiko chinhu chena powdery fuma nezvakanaka dielectric ehupfumi. Hazvina odorless uye shata, insoluble nemvura, husingakwanisi oxidation, taita zvakavhenekerwa (nokuda kuiisa chlorine mu murwiyo), husingakwanisi acids, chicherwa mafuta, alkalis, alcohols. Kana neshungu kuti madhigirii 100 C. fuma uchiora rehydrogen chloride kusunungurwa.

PVC gadzira rinotanga dzokubudisa pamusoro yavaibvisa chloride munyu (by kuitwa yemagetsi buditsa). In dzakafanana, mafuta abudisa kubva ethylene (a nzira inonzi "cracking walnut"). Zvadaro, kuiisa chlorine uye ethylene zvabatanidzwa zvibereko ethylene dichloride. Uyewo kunoita dichloride, vinyl chloride (monomer), iro zvino kutendeuka ari polymerization kune achida fuma. To ichi anowedzerwa siyana zvinoriumba, vachibvumira kuwana rapera chigadzirwa navamwe ehupfumi kuti akakodzera zvekutepfenyura.

PVC vagadziri vanoshandisa nzira inokosha matatu nokuda polymerization pamusoro monomers mufurati, kuturika uye emulsion. In kuturika ichi anoshandiswa kuwana munyoro, Semi-aoma uye vanachandagwinyira mapurasitiki, uye emulsion - nokuti zvinyoronyoro zvigadzirwa vakawana kuburikidza plastisols. Zvichienderana asipo kana kuvapo plasticizers mu murwiyo asunungurwa ukuwo unplasticized uye plasticized zvinhu. Rokutanga zvishoma husingakwanisi yakaderera tembiricha (kusvika kubvisa 15 madhigirii C), uye wechipiri kurwa kutonhora kusvika -60 inegumi. Nhasi, ari kudiwa dambudziko izvi zvinhu ndiyo muunganidzwa yavo uye marara.