Tsvina kurapwa miriwo mumhuri wastewater. sewers

Waste mvura - mumwe kwezvirwere mazuva ano. Tiri zvibereko zvinoverengeka drains the kuti pasina kurapwa hafu yose angadai mukana wose kuti uve zvaimutambisira chaiye. Sei dambudziko iri kugadziriswa? Mhinduro iri nyore - kurapwa miriwo mumhuri wastewater. Vanobvumira kuti kutendeuka mvura tsvina kupinda njodzi maindasitiri mvura, izvo zvinogona kutowanikwa vakadzokera dzinongoitika zvinhu zvipenyu.

Kana eko kunoguma mvura mitumbi pasina kurapwa, mararamiro anenge akaisa kumukuvadza chakakomba zvikuru. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, izvozvo yakatanga nzira wandei Qualitative neutralization. Chokwadi, muuto mvura yakachena munyika yedu ihuru, asi zvakadaro havana magumo, uye saka kuvandudzwa iri zvekuvaka vanofanira kufunga nguva.

Nei zvichikosha chaizvo wastewater kurapwa?

Mumakore achangopfuura kwave kune vamwe kukura mune bhizimisi mukuru mararamire chavagari vose azvaiitwa Akabatanidzwa zvakananga yakaipa kuwedzera uwandu tsvina mvura, izvo zvakaunza zvinhu bhizimisi uye National zvoupfumi. Uye nekuti kurapwa zvirimwa mudzimba wastewater zvava kukosha napo pamusoro pavo mamiriro zvemhoteredzo kwete nyika yedu asi pasi pose.

Chii chakaita inokanganisa tsvina zvakatipoteredza?

kukuvadza Great, iro rinoshandiswa emura matongo, kunyanya nokuti kuti kazhinji asunungurwa kupinda dzinongoitika mvura miviri uye zvimwe zvinhu ari zvachose drains the yakatsvuka, chokutanga chimiro. Ivo utachiona matsime, uye mamwe manyuko emvura yakachena nokuda kwevanhu. Kukuvadza kubva tsvina inogona kushoma chete kana pakugadzirisa navo chaiyo zvivako. Kana kuchenesa inoitwa kukwana mwero kunyatsoshanda, iri huri tsvina utachiona uye mishonga inogona kuita irreparable kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza uye utano mhuka, zvinomera uye vanhu.

Recycling ZHBO nemirayiro kwemitemo

Recycling ZHBO kwazara munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Pane dambudziko iri vakava vaifarira zvikuru nguva yakareba mano chikonzero kuti inoti izvi zvakasikirwa yakachena mvura mari apora. Zvisinei, munyika yedu mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzera kuparadzirwa kunova wenguva kunenge kushandiswa kwemvura, nokudaro zvichiita kuti zvikuru kuderedza Vhoriyamu kudyiwa yakachena zvokunwa.

Vazhinji utility network mumaguta makuru (kunyanya vaya zvakakomba kukura indasitiri) kare zvakazara vatendeukira ruzivo urwu. Treatment chirimwa opareta anofanira ichi- kuongorora yokunatsa quality, nokudzora dhigirii emura kusvibiswa michina moieties Zvinosvibisa.

Mitemo zvinhu management vanofanira kubereka decontaminated tsvina zvinoberekwa navo, tichishandisa uye / kana dzimwe nzira zvose zvinogoneka zvemaziso kuita izvi. Uyezve, mutemo anovamba zvakakwana yakaoma matanho uye mitemo iyo iri nyaya anofanira kutevedzerwa. Cherechedza kuti izvi zvizvarwa mutoro uye zvavo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vavakezve kurapwa zvivako zvinofanira kuitwa nenguva nenzira, handina kunonotsa.

Treatment mudzimba tsvina

Mumakore achangopfuura, vakatanga nhamba maturusi inokubvumirai aite rokutsvaira rakazara tsvina mvura, izvo kuumbwa panguva imwe upenyu musha avhareji Suburban. Ona kuti mvura dzakasiyana mavambo "arongwe" sezvo nzira ekunatswa uye decontamination zvinosiyana zvikuru.

Ndezvipi nzira yokunatsa uye mumaindasitiri wastewater ZHBO?

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakawanda rose zvinhu zvakabvisa kubva yakasviba chinowanika akasiyana-siyana zvinhu uye yeimwe. Pane vakaparadzana ruzivo kuti decontamination kuti tsvina mafuta achinatsa, wastewater kurapwa zvirimwa mudzimba wastewater richibva zvipfuwo zvivako, etc. Hazvinei nzira inoshandiswa, zvinoreva chimwe chikuru mhando:

• Biological redunhu.
• Zvokuimba kuchenesa (grids, ayo takashongedzerwa nechamupupuri mvura kurapwa zvivako).
• Physical uye mushonga nzira.
• The nzira disinfecting wastewater.

Ngatimboonai neimwe nzira idzi mune nezvedzinza.

The zvokuimba nzira

All kurapwa Zvivako mudzimba wastewater kushandisa nzira iyi, sezvo mvura isati anopinda kwazvo kubudiswa madhipatimendi vanofanira kubvisirwa zvemaziso nezvimedu guru kuti vaisvibise ndizvo. Uyezve, nzira inoshandiswa kubvisa mvura kubva sludge anokonzerwa siyana zvokukura ose wastewater kurapwa. Zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa chinangwa ichi:

• Adaptations zvakadai lattices kana mizinga, anowanzoshandurwa inopiwa aine nomazviri nokuzviremekedza okuchenesa. Avo kazhinji vakapakata sewers.
• Ndibate zvemamiriro mujecha.
• Kamudzira filters.
• Emadhaka rokutanga kuti.
• Septic matangi.

Pakati mizariro chikuru arrays daro vanofanira kuva kupfuura 16 millimeters, sezvo vari kushandiswa dzinobvisa kubva vakawanda zvinonyadzisa uye masero makuru (kazhinji anowira sewers). Vakawana Panguva iyi vari pasi kupwanya kana tsvina, kana wabatwa kunzvimbo dzavo zvokushandisa anogadzirwa. Uyezve, nguva jecha misungo hunoita kwete chete kuti mvura yakachena kubva pairi, asiwo nepahwindo duku uye dzimwe netsvina zvakadaro.

Havagoni haazopwanyiwi kana kuvigwa, uye kuendeswa kune imwe refu okuchengetera dzokuchengetera. Raw zvinhu, icho rinoungana, iri ipapo anoshandiswa pana siyana basa roadworks. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakuchenesa tsvina kurapwa miti yaifanira pamwe kakawanda sezvo ivepo zvemaziso rinoreva deactivated, sezvo zvimwe kushanda chazvo chakwira hasha, mubati mano vanotanga skip utachiona zvakawanda.

The vaizotibata kupfuura nzira kuti kuchenesa wastewater vachishandisa Kamudzira filters. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti deactivate marara kusvikira zvokuti dzimwe nguva vari kudzokera shure kupinda kugadzirwa yatinofema. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvokuimba nzira runoita akuzungurei hapana anopfuura 70% pakubhadhara ose tsvina, saka kuti tsvina kurapwa miti hakugumiri chete navo.

zvoutachiona nzira

Chero tsvina mvura pasi Colonisation uye nekuve nemaziso zvipenyu. Mune nzira chaivo wastewater anogona kubvisa senitrogen uye phosphorus, uye anaerobic uye Kurovedza utachiona. Kakawanda, apo nzira iri kushandiswa mabikirwo zvipenyu chinovira, kusashanda sludge uye utachiona filters kuti okuchenesa yakaisvonaka. How chaivo kurapwa miti kuitira nzira?

Chokutanga, mvura anoenda kugara wokutanga kurongeka. Pane Organic slurry precipitates, uye inoramba zvikuru rakanaka pasi Absorção de Água. In yechipiri sumps vaunganidza sludge rinobviswa pachishandiswa anokosha pombi. Pfungwa, hurongwa yakadaro inogona vakagadzirira pamwe anenge ose munyika nyika nemba yake oga.

Saka, kuti zvevakomana, kutengeswa akagadzirira akagadzirwa dzakaoma zvivako, izvo kubvumira zvipenyu uye zvokuimba kuchenesa ZHBO. chikuru kukosha kwavo uvete nyore kushanda uye pasina kudikanwa kugara yokuzvigadzirisa. Mvura pashure achipfuura kurapa kwava odorless uye shata, unogona zvakachengeteka kushandiswa kwenguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzebhizimisi zvinodiwa, kusanganisira achidiridzira dzinovaraidza.

Kupfuura zvinodhura uye inobudirira mhando zvinosanganisira chinogumbura ultraviolet disinfection kuti wastewater. Pashure mvura rokuchenesa yakadaro inogona pauri zvachose kunyange dzinongoitika mumvura. Kunyatsoshanda ZHBO deactivation kuti hurongwa hwakadai pachiyero maindasitiri mhinduro.

Physico-mushonga nzira

Muchiitiko chino, pane concomitant ano, zvinosanganisira zvinotevera nzira:

• Evaporatsiya.
• wastewater kugadzira kushandisa ozonation.
• Achiwedzera kuiisa chlorine yeimwe.
• Electroflotation.

Chaizvo kudiwa mitoo izvi kuti kugadzirwa epetroleum zvigadzirwa mabhizimisi, sezvo zvakagadzirirwa nzira imwe zvikuru zvakaoma kuti kudzora kubudirira kurapwa anobudiswa. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvakafanana abudise hurongwa vari kuramba vachiwanda mune private zvakatipoteredza zvavo dzimba Suburban. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti inondimukira kushandiswa zvakafanana dzokubvisa munharaunda kwavo zvakasimba mwoyo. Chokwadi ndechokuti kana nzira iyi rinoshandiswa vazhinji makemikari anogona kukonzera inokosha kukuvara zvose utano hwako uye utano mhuka uye zvinomera.

Kupfuura vaizotibata uye nyanzvi ezvinhu kuratidzwa pachavo yokunatswa nzira ZHBO kubudikidza magetsi pulses, uyewo Ultrasound uye ultraviolet. Zvakaipira hazvisi chimwe chete - yakakwirira kwazvo mutengo michina yakadaro, izvo zvinoita dzisingambosvikiki kune varidzi dzakawanda Suburban munzvimbo.

Disinfection kuti wastewater

Asati kutumira Yakanatswa mvura ichipinda dzinongoitika mvura miviri, zvinodikanwa kuitisa disinfection kwakakwana uye decontamination. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, anowanzodanwa kushandiswa chiedza ultraviolet mumakore achangopfuura, asi haana warambidzwa kushandiswa "chekare" kuiisa chlorine. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti nokushanda tsvina kurapwa miti kunosanganisira nzvimbo yavo kurutivi leeward divi upi yokugara kana ugaro. Kuwedzera kwavo placement kuchikuva vanofanira havo pamateru, kuburikidza nemvura vachabviswa takasununguka, pasina chikonzero yokugadza chaiwo pombi. Izvi zvinokosha kunyanya kana afunge omumaguta abudise enyika.

Kunokosha! In magadzirirwe zvivako chakadaro zvachose kupa zvishoma zvinoita mafashamo kwenzvimbo subsoil uye / kana wastewater. Treatment zvivako zvinosanganisira zvinotevera midziyo:

• Mudziyo nokuti dzakafanana kugoverwa wastewater (zvikurukuru, kurapa zvivako saka rinorema basa).
• Mano angoerekana yakazvimirira kubviswa zvakawandisa tsvina kubva yakachengeteka mudziyo.
• Equipment iyo anobvumira nechimbichimbi kuti kurasikirwa zvakawandisa wastewater.
• Namano kuti ayere mumuviri uye zvemakemikari maitiro wastewater uye mvura.
• Kana zvakakodzera, kugadzwa inogona kushandiswa izvo muchichengeta otomatiki zvakabudiswa.

Disinfection mudzimba wastewater

Kuti aite basa pakuchenesa wastewater vanofanira kutevedzera zvizere anotevera ezvinhu:

• Yakarurama kusarudza zvigadzirwa kudirwa chinangwa ichi.
• Pakusarudza inonyatsobudirira zvokushandisa rakaisvonaka Kuchenesa mvura kubva widest chakarondedzera utachiona.
• Mhedziso zvaidiwa kunokurudzirwa Michina mugadziri.

Chete panguva mutoro uye mutengo-vanobudirira nzira kuti kusarudza kurapwa enyika, ivo vachava dzakakodzera. The yakakwirira ukuru decontamination effluents, nani vanogona kushandiswazve pakuburitswa zvaikosha mari mari kambani. Flotation uye Kamudzira filters vakaratidza kuva izvi chinonyanya kukwezva, sezvo zvakakwana kusangana ezvinhu zvinokosha akawanda:

• High kuchinja nokuda izvo mvura kurapwa zvivako vanokwanisa kuramba uinacho anenge marudzi ose utachiona.
• kunyatsoshanda ravo 99,5%.
• A nzvimbo duku zvaidiwa chokugadza yakaderera yokuzvigadzirisa mutengo.
• Easy chokugadza nokukwanisa kuisa mamwe modules, izvo zvinogona yekudyidzana aita functionality naro.

About vateresi

Chero chirongwa kurapwa zvivako panze mhando anofanira kuenzaniswa SNIP 2.04.03-85. Inokosha pamusoro Mapedhi dzavo - hierarchical: zvose duku rezvebonde chokuita kurei reservoirs. Kana zvichibvira, pipework rinoitwa kuti mvura pamusoro pavo anogona wopedza negiravhiti. In mumadhorobha tsvina network zvinotevera akanyatsorongwa:

• Yard uye Quarterly zvikamu, ane dhayamita iri 150-200 mm. peculiarity yavo ndechokuti kana kugadzwa zvivako izvi kumbobvira kutorwa mhiri mumigwagwa.
• Street mhando vateresi, dhayamita kwavo 250-400 mm. Mukupesana, ndivo chete zvakafanana chivako nzvimbo mumigwagwa, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko ivo akwaniswe ane tsindirana pombi zvechitima.
• District vateresi. dhayamita kwavo kungava anenge 500-1000 mm. Dzinovakwa kuti mumadhorobha yose nzvimbo uye compulsorily vakagadzirira pamwe kupomba zvechitima.
• Vateresi dzomumaguta tsika. Dhayamita - 1000-5000 mm. Akavaka nechomumugwagwa mukomberedzo kweguta munzvimbo mwoyo zvikuru.

Mumazana sewerage pomumbure kunodiwa kuvaka manholes pamusoro Akazadzisa kongiri zvindori with dhayamita 1 mita (udzamu dzavo - kuti nhanhatu mamita). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, uchishandisa-rutsoka shanu mhete, kudzika wetsime pasi izvi ezvinhu - kusvika mamita matanhatu. Step navo rinowanikwa nenzira SNIP 2.04.03-85. Somuenzaniso, paivakwa muchivanze mapaipi samambure ane dhayamita pamusoro 150-200 mm vateresi vanozopinda pakati pavo havafaniri kuva mukuru:

• At 150 mm - 35 mamita.
• Vanopfuura 150 mm - 50 mamita.

Tinovimba kuti mashoko ari munyaya ino kwaibatsira iwe.