Kupatsanura mavhawero. tsanangudzo phonetics

Mutauro - a zvechokwadi chipo kune vanhu. Ichi chakakwana kukurukurirana chiridzwa chine yakaoma midziyo iri nehurongwa pamusoro kwomutauro dzakabatana. Setsika, sezvo kudzidza mutauro, kureva phonetics - chikamu wemitauro, nyaya ndiyo ruzha kutaura uye, kupfuura zvakananga, asi kupatsanura mavhawero uye nemavara.

phonetics

Phonetics rakagadzirirwa kudzidza kutaura mitinhimira. It ane nzvimbo chaiyo, zvakatemwa nokuti nyaya kudzidza kwake - vamapoka mutauro chete zvinhu zvakasikwa. Vachipa mashoko vakaumba zvitunha yevanhu kutaura uye mhepo vibrations. Inorira kutaura maonero kunoitika kunzwa kwevanhu.

Phonetics ari hanya shoma chairema mutauro - kutaura inzwi. Kwakadaro magumo nhamba mazwi. Mushure anotaura navo nenzira yavo. Asi zvinogona kupatsanurwa pakati siyana ichi ndiwo machemero vari kutaurwa zvakafanana. The nzira dzidzo - hwaro nokuda kupatsanura mazwi.

The chikuru ndechokuti kuti kudzidza phonetics, - kupatsanura mavhawero uye nemavara. Articulatory uye acoustic nemitinhimira kutaura zviri kana mavhawero uye nemavara. Mavhawero kukutsigira melodiousness. Emakonzonendi - ruzha.

Kana mhepo rinobva mumapapu kuburikidza pahuro zvinokonzera uye muromo vakasununguka kuumbwa ruzha, inonzi mavhawero. Vakasiyana chete nechimiro chokureva vanowanika fambisa rurimi uye miromo.

Asi maererano ruzha yakabereka apo mhepo chinokunda zvipingamupinyi munzira kwayo. Zvinosanganisira manzwi uye ruzha kana chete ruzha. Nzira dzakasiyana dzidzo uye kukunda zvipingamupinyi izvi kuti tikwanise kusiyanisa emakonzonendi nepedyo. kusiyana izvi inobva kupatsanura mavhawero / emakonzonendi yomutauro wokuRussia. nheyo dzaro huchakurukurwa.

Phonetics chikamu ndiko zvemutauro, sezvamakaropafadzwa vakadzidza nekunyatsotsanangura uye acoustic zvinoitwa kutaura kurira. Kutsanangura phonetics anobata pakudzidza anatomical uye vasiri hunhu inzwi wayo kugadzirwa zvigadziriswe. Acoustic Phonetics rinoongorora kurira somunhu vibrational inofamba, kunze parinopfuura kuburikidza pahuro zvinokonzera uye muromo. The vanotongwa pakudzidza acoustic phonetics vari kumusoro, simba, urefu uye matauriro.

Acoustic kupatsanura mavhawero

Kujairirana phonetics kazhinji chinotanga kudzidza nzvanyira kurira. Hatidi tsaukai tsika kuti inokonzerwa zvavo chinokosha zvikuru. Vane syllabic. Emakonzonendi vari pedyo kuti nzvanyira.

Chii kupatsanura mavhawero uye emakonzonendi vachava nyaya tifunge kuti kudzidza mavhawero pakutanga?

Chokutanga, funga acoustic unhu mavhawero:

• Ruzha zvose izvi zviri inoumbwa nokushandisa inzwi;
• dzinoratidzwa akasimbisa uye unstressed, kureva, pane uye zvaasingagoni;
• simba mavhawero pfupi wakaridza, kana zvinotaura haisi kunodiwa kuti kudzvinyirira pahuro zvinokonzera;
• mavhawero simba zvakawanda refu emashoko uye kunetseka pamusoro pahuro zvinokonzera.

Mataurire mavhawero haisi nevamwe noruzhinji. Inogona chete ape kunetsa nomukurukuri kana girama pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, mune interrogative mutongo yepamusoro matauriro iziviswe nzvanyira neshoko vakatakura zvinoreva mukuru.

Simba uye pfupi ruzha vanonzi Russian unstressed. Strong uye vazhinji kuvhunduka. Nyaya iri mumutauro wedu unfastened uye anoita vakawanda zvivakamutauro basa: musha (U H ..), Homes (uzhinji ..). Dzimwe kunetseka chinhu nevamwe Castle (chivakwa), Castle (mudziyo nokuti akakiya mukova).

Kupatsanura mavhawero ose articulatory zvinhu. Labial / neogublennye mavhawero

Kutsanangura kupatsanura mavhawero iri rakasiyana zvikuru kupfuura mutauri. Kuwedzera inzwi, ivo vakaumba miromo, rurimi uye shaya. Sound ari zvakapararira mune imwe nzira, uye kunoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu:

• nechokuita miromo wayo inotungamirwa;
• dhigirii chikwidzo mutauro;
• chinjikira kufamba rurimi mukati nemumuromo mhango.

The mavhawero anogona inoumbwa Munotatamura nemiromo, ipapo dzinonzi labial (labialized). Kana miromo vasiri munyaya paumbwe imwe nzvanyira, kunonzi neogublennym (nelabializovannye).

Labial mavhawero vari inoumbwa bulging mberi contiguous pamwe chete nemiromo. Mhepo ichipfuura rakamanikana nzvimbo inoumbwa chubhu akapeta miromo, nemumuromo mhango refu. The mwero labial yakasiyana kwazvo; nzvanyira [munhu] vashoma, uye nzvanyira [Y] kunoratidzwa mukuru mwero labial. Vamwe mavhawero vari neogublennymi, kureva nelabializovannymi.

Mavhawero ari mwero kutwasuka fambisa rurimi, kureva, nokusimudza

On sei kusimuka kuti mutauro denga, mavhawero ndiwo:

• Upper chikwidzo. Zvinoita [uye] [va] [Y]. Vari akaumba kana rurimi wakamutswa yakakwirira sezvinobvira. Ruzha izvi zvinonzi mamwe yakatetepa.
  
• Svikiro kukwira - unonakidza [e], [iwe]. Kana dzidzo yavo mutauro chikawira akaderera zvishoma pane dzidzo yapfuura.
  
• Rezasi chikwidzo - kurira [munhu]. Anogadzirwa panguva yepasisa zvaibvira mutauro ashaye. mutinhiro uyu anonziwo paupamhi.
  

Rezasi kuwedzera, vanowana zvinowanikwawo anovhura muromo wake uye kuderedza shaya anodonhedza.

Mavhawero pamusoro chinjikira fambisa rurimi

Mavhawero pamusoro chinjikira fambisa rurimi mumuromo, zvakare, vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu:

• Kumberi - unonakidza [uye] [b]. Vakati vanoumba mberi chikamu rurimi zvakafanira kumutsa pamberi mukanwa.
• Middle mutsara - unonakidza [munhu], [va]. Kana dzidzo yavo amutswa pakati chikamu rurimi kusvika pakati chikamu mukanwa.
• Kumashure - [Y], [iwe]. Panguva inotungamirwa kwavo shure rurimi vanomutswa kurutivi rwemberi palatine.

Mune generalized chimiro kupatsanura mavhawero zvinoratidzwa Triangle mavhawero. It unogona kuona mumufananidzo pazasi.

Noruvara mavhawero

Division wandei vachisimudza uye asingadi dzinoenderana upfumi uye vakasiyana mavhawero. Kazhinji, asi kupatsanura pakati mavhawero / emakonzonendi mutauro wokuRussia zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura anopiwa muchikoro hweutungamiri mabhuku. Sezvo rokutanga uye rechipiri embodiments vangava emashoko. It zvinoenderana nezvenzvimbo iyo ivo vamire.

Kunze inzwi, [uye] ndiye riri iziviswe ane muromo zvishoma zvikuru wakashama uye rurimi vachisimudza kuvatumwa [U]. mutinhiro uyu ane zita [uye] rakavhurika. The transcription runotaurwa ne ^[uye]. Muenzaniso: dondo [l'Ini ^E sa '].

Saka rakazaruka ruzha [no ^b]. Somuenzaniso, shoko "simbi" riri kutaurwa se ^[e zhy l'e'zny].

Mune simba nzvimbo pamberi akasimbisa mabhii pachinzvimbo machemero [munhu], [munhu] anotaurwa nelabializovanny kuridza [/ \]. Akanga ari Status mutauro kunoitika pakati [munhu] uye [iwe], somuenzaniso: uswa [TR / \ VA '] munda [n / \ l'munhu'].

Pane neb zvakawanda mavhawero, dzinonzi zvikuru inzwi attenuation. It [b] uye [b]. [B] - ichi ruzha neavhareji uwandu nokusimudza srednenizhnego. [B] - kurira ruzha pamberi mutsara srednenizhnego chikwidzo. Mienzaniso locomotive [Zvi / \ rakennus vake], mvura ^[e vd'i no'y]. Akaderedza vanyatsodudza nokuda remoteness mavhawero izvi mupfungwa.

Sounds ^{[uye], [e} S] [/ \], [b], [b] kuitika chete mamiriro pasina kushushikana.

The kutsamira mavhawero kubva emakonzonendi softness

Kusandura ezita mavhawero, zvichienderana nyoro (palatalized) emakonzonendi inokurukura phonetics. Kupatsanura pakati nzvanyira rinonzwika zvichienderana munharaunda dzakadaro dzinogona achimiririrwa sezvinotevera:

• Nzvanyira [ 's], [' e], [ 'iwe], [', y] vari kutamira kumusoro zvishoma mberi pakutanga madudzirwo.
• Kana mavhawero izvi pakati emakonzonendi vari nyoro, kuchinja nekunyatsotsanangura ainawo zvinotaura inzwi: tezvara [z'a't '], tete [t'o't'a], tulle [t'u'l'].

Types akasimbisa mavhawero

Mumutauro wedu pane zvitanhatu zvinhu izvo anomiririrwa dzakasiyana siyana akasimbisa mavhawero. Vose vari dzaitaurwa tafura pazasi.

Mhando unstressed mavhawero

Kupatsanura pakati nzvanyira rinonzwika kutaura, usamira pasi kusimbisa nayo kunobva napedyo kana remoteness mupfungwa uye rokuti kana postposition pachinhu nayo:

• Nzvanyira [a], [va], [Y], imire pretonic mabhii zvishoma simba kwaro nekunyatsotsanangura, asi haina vangasimudzira kuchinja.
• Kana [va] inomira pashure sizzling nyoro uye zvakaoma pamberi, chete chinoita kumusoro mberi pakupera zvinotaura inzwi, somuenzaniso shoko W [Y] Vet.
• Kuridza [Y] pakutanga mashoko, amire pamberi nemavara uye akapfava pashure zvakaoma velar kana sizzling, zvakare, chete kwira mberi pakupera madudzirwo. Somuenzaniso: [U] TYuG, w [U] MABHUKU.
• Nzvanyira [Y], kana zviri shure zvinyoronyoro nzvanyira, nzvanyira pamberi zvakaoma, kwira naanotevera pakutanga madudzirwo. Somuenzaniso: [l'U] va rudo.
• Kana [Y] riri pakati zvinyoronyoro nemavara, chinoita kumusoro mberi munguva yose kuraswa nguva: [l'U] urove.
• Nzvanyira [munhu], [munhu], kana vari mushure velar pakutanga mashoko, zvakaoma uye [d], iziviswe sezvo [ㆄ], nzvanyira ichi achiumbwa Napamusara pakati, pamusoro vachisimudza ndiye srednenizhnim iye nelabializovanny.
• By nzvanyira [munhu], [munhu], [e], kana vari mushure nzvanyira nyoro, [H] [J] anotaurwa [va], iyo inozivikanwa se nelabializovanny nzvanyira avhareji pakati [a] uye [b] iye nhamba dzidzo mberi, vachisimudza ndiyo sredneverhnim.
• Nzvanyira [e], [iwe], izvo mushure [w], [x], iziviswe se [imi], ndizvo ruzha neperednego series, haisi kutarisirwa uye kwete e, ruzha inogona kunzwa Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti " mupenyu kana [imi] Vat. "
• Nzvanyira [munhu] pashure [w], [x] anotaurwa sezvo [ㆄ]. mutinhiro uyu unogona kunzwiwa shoko "hove dzakawanda [ㆄ] rakateurwa."
• [Uye] [va], [Y] kuderedza nekunyatsotsanangura yavo rechitatu nerechipiri pretonic mabhii, asi chimiro haachinji madudzirwo.
• Nzvanyira [Y] painosimuka rechipiri uye rechitatu mabhii pretonic pamberi palatalized nemavara uye sezvine zvikukutu, hapana kusiyana inzwi, ndakataura pretonic mabhii, ichi kunorevawo kuti nzvanyira [a] uye [U].
• Nzvanyira [munhu], [munhu], [e] kwechitatu uye chechipiri pretonic mabhii pakutanga mashoko vanochinjwa maererano mabhii mhando, amire pamberi madudziro emazwi - iri nzvimbo akasimbisa mavhawero [munhu], [munhu] anotaurwa [ㆄ], uye nzvimbo [e] riri raidudzwa [imi].

Change nzvanyira rinonzwika iri percussion zaudarnyh mabhii zvinoratidzwa tafura pazasi.

mhedziso

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kugumisa kuti kupatsanura pakati mavhawero kunokanganisa nzvimbo mutauro. Kufambira mumuromo, izvozvo anosika mamiriro siyana kuti paumbwe mazwi. Anonzwisiswa sezvo mavhawero siyana.