Kuitwa reMitemo kuti "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" mugore chii rakaitirwa?

In itsva shanduro reMitemo of USSR , zvakanzi akacherechedza kuti "udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat" akaita kunogeza zvizere mabasa kuti akapiwa nayo uye Soviet Union vakava rudzi-paupamhi mamiriro. Mukuwedzera, gwaro akanzi nhengo hurongwa zvakanaka, vatotanga panguva iyoyo. The simba mukuru kwainzi ari Supreme Council. Nhengo dzayo yaisanganisira makamuri vaviri Council vemarudzi uye Council of Union. izwi rake yakapiwa makore mashanu.

About aiva kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" gore chii, yaiva panzvimbo, kupa rwayo, uye kuchinja mairi, verenga nyaya ino.

Soviet constitutionalism

Kudzidza nhoroondo Basic Mutemo USSR rine enyika, zveupfumi, zvesayenzi uye tsika kukosha. Mumwe nechepakati zvinoumba inotungamirwa wokuRussia statehood ndiko kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji". Year 1977 raiva danho rinokosha mune pakuzadzisa munyika.

In nhoroondo Soviet wehurumende akanga chete 4 reMitemo: 1918, 1924, 1936 uye 1977. Vakanga vakasiyana nguva ukoshi, richiratidza kuti vamwe kuchinja kuitika munzanga. Mukuwedzera, vakaratidza kuti chidzoke idzva kana kuvandudzika yekare pfungwa. Uyewo, mumwe mutsva mutemo inokosha nyika akapfupikisa chiito pamberi, pashure iyo mamiriro anovhura chinotevera padariro kwayo kukura.

chikuru chikonzero

Development idzva gwaro uye kwakatevedzana kugamuchirwa reMitemo kuti "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" rine chokuita kuchinja mune zvematongerwe hurumende iri USSR. Pasinei chokwadi kuti evanhu hurongwa achiri zvachose kurongwa uye neKomisheni vamiririri chete aripo mubato munyika, hurumende akasunungurwa kubva kunamatwa autocracy, vaiuya nguva yake I. V. Stalin.

Kwesimba mutemo, uye dzakadururwa kutya vakakunda munguva yokutonga pevatongi mumwe munhu - zvakanzi pachena mhosva mutongo Communist Party. voruzhinji kana matanho akatorwa nenzira zvikanganiso uye kunyanyisa, kuti abvume kuti hazvibviri kudzoka rapfuura hurumende, paiva mubvunzo pamusoro chii kugadzirwa kwaizotevera kuitwa reMitemo of USSR "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" kunokosha.

Paumbwe basa raikosha

Kwakasarudzwa kuti ndifambire mberi wokutanga chokutambudzika idzva shanduro mutemo zvinokosha. Chokutanga, tinofanira akamisa yepamutemo basa rinokosha. inotungamirwa Its akanga pashure mushumo Secretary of CPSU N. S. Hruscheva pamusangano Supreme Soviet 25 April 1962 Nezuva iroro pakanga kumusangano uko komiti uye mvumo. Kubvira vakatanga pakarepo pakuzadzisa uye kugamuchirwa reMitemo kuti "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" (chirongwa maneja - N. S. Hruschev).

Apo L. I. Brezhnev akagadzwa Secretary First, iye yaibva akatora pamusoro sezvo sachigaro Constitutional Commission. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti ayo sezvamunoita chikashanduka kanoverengeka, asi nheyo nokuumbwa yakaramba chete - paiva vokutanga vanhu ehurumende uye nebato utungamiri, vamiririri Union uye zvionera chinoda, mundima uye kumatunhu, uyewo vaibva vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo, masayendisiti, etc ...

Development nechirongwa

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kunyora paiva mubvunzo pamusoro pane zvakafanana panguva nzanga Soviet uye parinogona ichatsedukira mune ramangwana. Chinzvimbo kwakavakirwa "udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat" yakanga isingashandi, nokuti "kirasi hondo" sezvo kwakadaro kwakanga asipo.

Kuti ringabviswa rekare dzematongerwe uye avake idzva vanhu vaida nguva. Pamberi paiva dzidziso "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" kwave anenge 15 apfuura. Asi mangoti nheyo dzayo dzakaumbwa, chinyorwa cheBumbiro reMitemo ainyora kufamba zvikuru nokukurumidza.

prerequisites

Kubva musi Constitution rakagamuchirwa muna 1936, uye zvakatora makore makumi mana kusvikira kufarirwa gwaro idzva. Panguva ino, muna Soviet Union kwave dzinoverengeka zvaikosha kuchinja, imwe nzira kana imwe zvakakanganisa zvose zvatinoita mumagariro upenyu.

The yapfuura bumbiro wokurera muna 1936, akauya kubva chokwadi kuti pakagadzwa mirayiridzo inokosha gutsaruzhinji yapera. Zvino wakange akaiswa, kuti Soviet Union hwakavaka akura uye vakava vanhu, izvo zvakaita kuti rakasiyana yevanhu rinonzi Soviet vanhu.

Hurumende, iyo akasimuka pahwaro ari "udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat", ava rudzi-paupamhi, uye upfumi kwapfuura zvachose kupinda mugovanisi pfuma. The Communist Party yave rakawedzerwa ayo pemisara, uye basa rayo muhurumende zvava mutoro.

Socialism kwave kupfeka ndima nevamwe pose hurongwa, uye international simba nomukurumbira Soviet Union yakawedzera kakawanda. prerequisites zvose izvi vanoti kukura uye kugamuchirwa reMitemo kuti "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" vakanga chisingadzivisiki.

promulgation

Chirongwa idzva mutemo inokosha yakabudiswa pakutanga June 1977, kwete chete nechepakati asiwo yenyika dzakapoteredza uye dzematunhu mapepanhau. Akanga achishingaira kukurukurwa kwemwedzi mina - kubva June 5 kusvikira pakuguma September. Maererano pamutemo data, pakukurukurirana chirongwa idzva vakapinda vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 140 ne. Kuti anenge mana zvikamu rose vakura Vagari Soviet Union. Public hurukuro panyaya iyi akaita kuti zvibvire kuti vaunze 450 zviuru. Vaitaura pamusoro yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita, dzakanga zvainanga kugadzirisa, kuvandudzika kana kuwedzera gwaro nyaya.

The chikuru chokuita nechinzwano zvekunze mitemo

The chikuru pokutungamirira kukura Soviet ehurumende uye zviri pamutemo hurongwa akaparidza kuvandudzika uye nokusimbaradza mugovanisi hweruzhinji. Uye izvi akwanise kubudikidza kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji". At uyo pfungwa yakadaro aigona chinozoiswa? Chokwadi, pasi Stalin, hazvina kuva kunze mubvunzo. Sezvo ushe hwake chete pamusoro nyika hwachinja.

Uyewo ari mutsva Law Basic yabatanidza magariro nheyo Soviet wehurumende - yakasimba chibvumirano vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo uye intelligentsia. Aireva kuti kubudirira imwe evanhu homogeneity nzanga uye mikana yakaenzana vose-kumativi kukura mumwe munhu.

Panyaya yokumwe mutemo, reMitemo anoisa pachena kunze dzinokosha urongwa pakagadzwa rugare, pamwe nekudzivirirwa kwenyika marudzi ose pasina anosara. Akazivisawo uye mberi misimboti zvakanaka-vavakidzani hukama pakati Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika. Venyika mugovanisi ino ndiyo Commonwealth nyika pamwe chete mutemo sezvo kuti Soviet Union.

upfumi

Kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" chaiva zvakonzera kuti kuwedzera mune zvose nemagariro uye zvinhu zvinodiwa pakurarama yeSoviet vanhu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, isu yakada sayenzi nezveBhaibheri uye kwenguva refu chaiyo zvoupfumi nzira. Huru mumabasa reDare Hurumende yeSoviet. Yaifanira kupa sangano kugadzirwa, mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuti nokuumba ano zvinhu zvekushandisa chawo uye kukudziridza nemirau zvaizoita waidzora mamiriro ezveupfumi.

The Developers itsva mutemo unokosha akabva pakuti kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji" kunyange nani kusimbisa kuti kare simba kare, dzibatane uye kushanda zvakanaka mashandiro hwenyika. Gwaro Iyi inguva yekutanga nokusingaperi akanyorwa panguva zvemitemo vanochiva chaiwo zvoupfumi of USSR.

uridzi fomu

Kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji", musi tendero ndiyo chete nyaya nguva, inobva zvoupfumi akaisa mugovanisi zvarinoroora nzira inoshandiswa, delivshuyusya kupinda kaviri. Mumwe wavo aiva mamiriro voruzhinji, uye vamwe - majana. Zvisinei, paiva rumwe rudzi mugovanisi pfuma - pfuma wezvokutengeserana pamwe nemamwe masangano paruzhinji. Asi chete mhando mbiri yokutanga vakatsunga hunhu upfumi uye weboka vanhu kupinda vamiririri noushamwari Makirasi - vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo. Saka chikuru basa wenyika, enshrined mubumbiro idzva, ndiyo kudzivirira mugovanisi pfuma.

Soviet zvoupfumi akanga akagovera uye kodzero chaiyo. Raiva kwaibva anobatsira munzanga basa. The Constitution pakati 1977 akateya dzinokosha urongwa ari pamutemo upi uye zvose nzira muridzi, pamwe vavanotonga.

Rights uye mitoro

New mutemo anokosha anovimbisa gutsaruzhinji, vagari USSR. The Constitution enshrines kodzero yokushanda, zororo, dzidzo, mubhadharo pakuparwa nokurasikirwa pakuriritira mhuri kana akaremara. Vanotaurwa gwaro uye rusununguko rwokutaura uye venhau, mienzaniso uye anofamba, Misangano mikuru uye misangano, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Ibasa yeSoviet vanhu vakarayirwa kuchengeta mitemo USSR, kuti vakakodzera musoro mugari wenyika USSR, uye mukutenda zvakanaka kushanda uye kurangwa kubasa, kuchengetedza zvinodiwa ehurumende uye mune zvose nenzira kusimbisa kwayo nechiremera nesimba, uye vamwe.

Oga, yakati pamusoro matsvene basa wese Soviet - kudzivirira mugovanisi yamadzibaba. Vandimukira - riri guva mhosva yavo vanhu. Unokudzwa kuita vagari eSoviet akanga muchiuto muna Armed Forces munyika.

kuitwa reMitemo

The Drafting Committee akasikwa ari inoshamisa chechikamu Supreme Council of 4 October, riri basa achigadzirira okupedzisira nekubatwa mutemo zvinokosha. Uyewo pamusangano uye kugamuchirwa reMitemo kuti "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji". Brezhnev akaita mharidzo iri migumisiro kukura chirongwa chacho yakakurumbira kufarirwa. Pachiitiko ichi, icho akaita se 92 navakuru. Somugumisiro, takasarudza kuchinja pane zvinhu sere, uyewo kuwedzera nyaya itsva.

Mutevedzeri vhoti rakaitirwa mazuva matatu gare gare, uye ipapo kuitwa remitemo "dzakabudirira gutsaruzhinji". Date October 7, 1977 akanzi National zororo.