Hwaro hwekutanga hwakanyorwa hwokuti mafuta akabudiswa sei muRussia akadzoka shure kwezana remakore rechi16. Uye kare muna 1745 paRwizi Ukhta yekutanga kuchenesa mafuta yakavakwa. Iko kukura kwekutsva kwemarudzi matsva emafuta kwakamanikidza hurumende yeTsarist kutumira mafiroji uye magwapi ekufambisa kuCaucasus. Zvigumisiro hazvina kutora nguva refu. Saka, muna 1823 pakanga pane kucheneswa kwemafuta muMozdok, uye muna 1846 muBaku mutsime wekutanga munyika yose wakagadziriswa. Ichi chaiva kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta muRussia. Maererano nehuwandu, muna 1900 nyika yedu yakabudisa chikamu chetatu chemusika we "yegoridhe".
Kuchinja kwakatanga muna 1917, uyezve hondo yevagari vemo, kwakatungamirira pakuparadzwa kwemambo hwakambova hune simba. Asi ikozvino mumakore matanhatu, kugovera kwamafuta muRussia kwave kwakadzorerwa zvizere, uye nyika yakatove yasvika pakatarisana ne-pre-revolutionary level maererano nekutumira "gold yegoridhe". Kusvikira pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, zviongorori zvakaitwa pamigodhi yemafuta muCaucasus. Munguva yeGreat Great Patriotic War, Hitler akatsvaka chero zvakakosha kuti atore pfuma yenharaunda ino.
Mushure mokukunda kweU.SR pamusoro peGermany, sarudzo yakagamuchirwa kuti ichitanga kuongorora kwe geological muVolga-Ural. Kubudisa mafuta muRussia zvishoma nezvishoma kwakabva kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kuUrials. Kuvapo kwechikwata chekutakura mitambo, nzizi dzakakwana, uye kusununguka kwekuvandudzwa kwemitengo mitsva zvakaita kuti kudonha mumitengo yeMiddle Eastern mafuta. Nharaunda yeVolga-Urals yakapa zvinenge 45% zvezvose zvakagadzirwa muUSSR. Pakazosvika gore ra1975, raive rakasvika kusvika pakakwirira kusvika pamamiriyoni mana emabhiri / zuva.
Kupera kwemafuta emvura muUrials kwakatungamirirwa kuongororwa zvakanyanya kweWestern Siberia. Zvakawanikwa muma1960, zvipo zvakawanda zvakatanga kuve zvakagadzirwa. Zviuru zvevaSoviet vagari vashandura mamiriro okunze echepakati cheRussia mumwaka wekuSiberia wakaoma. Kutanga kukura nokukurumidza nekuvandudza maguta nemataundi. Kukura kwakakurumidza kwenzvimbo dzinobudisa mafuta kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera yakawanda ye "ndarama yegoridhe" kusvika ku 9 900 zviuru barre / zuva. Munguva yedu, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District inoramba iri mutungamiri mukugadzirwa kwemafuta. Iko apo iyo inenge 60% yeRussia yose "yegoridhe dema" inodhindwa. Mafuta okutanga muWestern Siberia akabudiswa nenzira dzisina kunaka. Kusava nekubvuma kwaiitwa kuedza kubhadhara zvakanyanya kudonha, izvo zvakaguma zvichiita kuti kukurumidza kupera kwematsime uye kuderera kwezvinyorwa zvakawanda.
Kuwa kweUSSR kwakatungamirira kukuti mafuta ekuRussia akawira kumatanho akadaro nyika inogona kupa chete, yekutengesa kunze hapana chakanga chasara. Izvo zvinyorwa zvakaitwa zvakatungamirirwa nekugadzirwa kwemakambani makuru emafuta. Kwemakore mazhinji ikozvino, Gazprom, Rosneft, Lukoil uye TNK-BP vave vachitungamirira pakati pavo. Iko huru yekugadzirwa kwamafuta uye gasi muRussia inoitwa neizvi guru.
Mazhinji emakambani emafuta ari kunyanya kutaura nezvekugadzirwa kwemichina inobvumira kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemafuta mumatunhu akatove akagadzirwa. Nhasi nzira dzekugadzirisa uye nzira itsva dzekugadzira zvinotungamirira kukuti mafuta uye gesi inobudirira muRussia inongowedzera chete. Zvose zvakachengetedzwa zvegoridhe dema dzakawedzera ne5-15% pamusana pekuitwa kwemazuva ano ekugadzirwa. Hurumende dzehurumende itsva dzakagadzirirwa kukudziridza Far East neEastern Siberia dziri kutakura zvibereko. Kuvonga kwavo, kugovera kwamafuta muRussia kunoramba kuchikura uye kudarika mamiriyoni 171 mamirioni.