Kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990, uye migumisiro yacho enyika

Kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990 ndipo chisarudzo pamusoro mubvunzo German. Chakazarurwa kubva panguva yeHondo Yenyika II, apo rinokunda nyika haasati asvika nokubvumirana maonero nezveramangwana ravo basa munyika dzine mune yaimbova nyika murwisi. Chikonzero ichi kukwana zvinoitika nguva, mamiriro ezvinhu sehofisi pavanotaurirana Soviet Union uye West. The Question German yagara nokuda kwounyanzvi watsemuka kuti makakatanwa dzakawanda.

Zvitori pachena kuti kubatanidzwa Germany zvikuru enyika vachatitaka Vatungamiri USSR uye US, Mikhail Gorbachev uye George HW Bush. Pasina kuda mbiri dzine, mubvunzo nhungamiro enyika hunhu yaisagona kugadziriswa. Zvisinei, vakuru vakuru kupfuura nyika-guarantors chete vaiona yaida kusangana kusarudza. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rukudzo anokosha - kuti paakavapa rokufananidzira musoro mapurani yakabatana Germany, rinopa itsva zvoupfumi simba zvikuru Europe, ndezvenguva enyika wokuGermany Helmut Kohl. Muchidimbu udza nezvazvo.

Chanzera: "kubatana German"

Uyu akasiyana munhu. Akapona eras ina: II World War, rumutsiriro hwenyika German, rayo guru kukura, uye pakupedzisira, pakupera kwezana XX remakore akaita rakakura se wezvematongerwe enyika ari reunification pakati Germany (1990). Chanzera pachiyero dzidzo yaunganidzwa nenhamo akanzwa akakundwa uye yakapatsanurwa nyika uye vakatenda mukusonganira yayo yemberi. Zvisinei, kunyange achitarisira kuti kusanganisa muitiro achapiwa akatanga saka dynamically. Kanenge, maererano nemashoko ake akapfuura, aidavira kuti chiitiko ichi hazviitiki panguva yake.

Kohl sezvo mutemo aifarira-German akanga okusika uye gwara. paaiitirana pamwe Margaret Thatcher, uyo akaedza yokunonotsa napo, anoita kumukudza.

VokuGermany anoyeukwa, sezvo "chanzera kubatana German." Kuti hurumende yeUnited wava kumuzinda nokuwadzana, uye nokukurumidza Kohl akava chanzera yakabatana Germany rokutanga. Nyaya ino ndehwokuti kusimbisa kubatanidzwa muGermany chichiitwa, achiteerera emuchina ayo uye matanho anokosha.

GDR simba: political kusauka

Undemocratic vanhu, akatungamirirwa neMweya inefficiency hwenyika iri Chinyorwa kwadzinoita ari GDR mharidzo 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore zvave nyaya vatsoropodzi vakawanda historiography. Zvoupfumi zvinhu zvikuru zvinowanzotaurwa mamiriro bhajeti dhefisiti of GDR, uyewo kukura dzimwe chikwereti. Zvisinei, kumwero kwakatokura kuvapo GDR sehurumende kwainzi kuva bedrock waro zvematongerwo enyika. Communist Party mutungamiri Erich Honecker reGermany uye ikozvino Zvinoshamisa kunzi "Iron Erich."

Akaparidza kubatana murayiro, akanga kwegore risingapindiki kune zvinhu zvitsva. The neururami echiKomonisiti, izvozvo vakapfuura zvomurayiro vokuGermany. Naizvozvo, mugumisiro kuwedzera muna GDR vanhu sangano rokutanga raiva rake nokubviswa kubva simba, 17.10.1989

Zvisinei, tichifunga GDR pachena manzwiro, kunyange anonzwisisa Kudzikamiswa matanho dzataurwa nokuda mutsivi wake Egon Krenz, vakanga vatovako isashande.

Prerequisites kubatana

Makore kuvapo German Democratic Republic vakaverengwa. Zviri pachena kuti kubatanidzwa Germany vasingagoni kuitika pamusoro pemisimboti zvisingachashandi mamiriro nemamiriro GDR. Izvi zvinooneka pane:

• lagging Kushandurwa enyika ino kubva zvinodiwa musika, zvichienzaniswa muenzaniso Soviet (Gorbachev, perestroika), Polish (multi-nebato);
• paumbwe chaiyo pakati harimboonekwi kushorwa 12.09.2009 - kufamba "Democracy Nhasi";
• vasingateereri huru zvinodiwa kupikiswa - rudzi nhaurirano;
• kuedza rechiuto Dambudziko wevapoteri, kushandisa nzvimbo mavhiza kuGermany kuburikidza Hungary uye Austria (GDR vagari kuDare German Embassy enyika hupoteri agamuchira vakadaro);
• vasingateereri kuda vanhu kuburikidza ine naVaMnangagwa matunhu neminisiparati sarudzo dzakaitwa May 1989

Pane itsva Germany Greater

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, muna yaMakoronike prerequisites akafukidza nani zvikuru kupfuura zvinoita. Kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990 yakaitirwa kuda German vanhu, uyo akaramba kunzwa takabatana muna Federal Republic of Germany uye German Democratic Republic. Isu, Ichokwadi regai kufungawo Mitsara zvimwe enyika kukuru (Saka, ivo mutemo). Hatifariri mune nhamba, chinotaura kusiyana upfumi East uye West Germany, uye zvikuru "kutsvakurudza" kwevatapi venhau pamusoro penyaya. Kujekeserwa panyaya iyi, tinofanira kupa mu kwemamiriro nyaya.

Chinhu chikuru - vamwe: mubatanidzwa aida anenge zvose vokuGermany. Akarambidza, izvi vatarisire rinokunda nyika. Pashure pezvose, vose vaiziva: idzva nyika-mutungamiri achava Europe. Sezvineiwo, kutya vakaratidza zvisingakoshi: itsva Germany pakutanga kwezana utungamiri XXI remakore vakasarudzwa nzira European kusangana, kwete kurwisana nevanhu.

Chii vokuGermany pachavo kubatanidza?

Panguva wokudhinda iyoyo nyaya dzakawanda kufukidza reunification muGermany muna 1990, nokubvunzurudza yakawanda vanhu. Ongorora kubvunzurudza vokuGermany pachavo pamusoro mafungiro adzo matsva ezvinhu, tinogona kugumisa kuti vakawanda vane chaiyo nzira kudana nyika yavo. Uye zita rake, vachiridza mune kubvunzurudzwa, haana uwirirane mukuru nhaka kubva kuGermany.

Vanhuwo zvavo, kwete shoko, akaitumidza kwete chete sezvo Great Germany. Zvisinei, mumashoko avo hazvina akanzwa kana kuzvikudza kana utsinye. Ivo (wawanga) vakati tersely, asi kubva pamoyo, uye mashoko aya kunzwa kuda kubatana uye kuti murefu vanhu venyika, vakapfuura yakawanda nemiedzo. vanhu ava vakanga vakagadzirira kushanda uye kurarama munyika yakabatana.

The simba pamusoro kubatana kwacho

Chokwadi, kuparadzwa pakati Wall Berlin, yaishanda sezvo chezvaizoitika kuenderera abolition pakati 11.09.1989, ari GDR zviremera kurambidza pamusoro kushanyira West Berlin, razova chiratidzo catalyzing kubatana pakati Germany (1990).

Muchidimbu, ichi chivako kunofananidzirwa weboka vokuGermany. Kubva 13.8.1961, akanga ari mukomberedzo pakati 165 makiromita anenge akakombwa kure nzvimbo mugovanisi German Democratic Republic (konstitutsionalizirovannoy Soviet basa mapazi) kubva West Berlin.

Saka mugovanisi nevatongi akadzikatidza chekubuda vanhu vanorota yokurarama musika vanhu, chokwadi rombo, kubatwa "riri mhiri Keteni Resimbi" kune pakuvaka rusvingo, zvakanga aunganidza zvizhinji - vanenge mamiriyoni 2 vanhu ..

Vazhinji kare vanotenda ano munguva Rubicon kunyange kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990, uye kuparadzwa masvingo.

It akafuridzira vanhu rugare kutya. By Vagari GDR kutsvaka kupinda "kuora nyika West Berlin" uye nemaune kuedza kukurira izvi 5-mita mukuru noruzhowa nemiseve waya pamusoro uye nharire mhenderekedzo mukomberedzo, gunmen akazarurwa moto. Nyora nezvazvo akasuruvara, asi nhoroondo nezvokuvapo chivako ichi muna 1065 hwakakanganiswa kufa zvavo mhosva.

Saka zvinoshamisa here kuti vanhu pamusoro pemisoro izvo makumi mana Gunners, saka vakaratidza chido chavo kuti rusununguko?

Nhamba yacho rubatso kunyika kuti kusangana Germany inoti

Britain uye France pamutemo kunzwisisa pekusadziviririka German kusangana, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, kwete chaizvoizvo wakakurumidza kubatanidzwa Germany (1990). nzvimbo nyika 'vava kuti kumbosendeka muitiro.

Somuenzaniso, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher akapa pakutanga kutora nzvimbo GDR pamusika anotsanangura refu kuchinja. "The Iron Lady" rave akasimbisa kuti "Germany Association haisati pamusoro wenyaya." President French Fransua Mitteran akanga zvishoma categorical, kunyange kuti zvaizova zvikuru akaronga kutaura ari Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic, sezvo warega Austria (nomumwe mamiriro German).

Nokuti kutya vatungamiriri vaiva vamwe hwaro. Ndapora simba iri pakutanga uye pakati XX remakore rakanga initiator mbiri dzenyika, atanga muEurope.

Ndezvipi kutya? Sezvo kamwe Karl Marx akanyora, Germany - "chikara anoda repartition munyika mabhora ose simba ravo nyasha." Zvisinei, chanzera Helmut Kohl pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuvanyengetedza vavakidzani rugare-rudo uye prohelsinskoy rinovaka zvakakurumbira European nzvimbo itsva German mamiriro.

The United States kubvira pakutanga vakaona kuti pashure kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990 achava nzvimbo itsva EU nokuwadzana. nyika ino mirawo yakavimbika inokosha yakabatana Germany kusangana. The Soviet Union, akavapindurawo, haana kusika chinhu zvinetso nokurota German vanhu.

Muitiro tichibatanidza

Pamutemo nzvimbo iri German kubatana kare dzakabudirira uye anotenderwa panguva kusaina of Treaty, Dare yokupedzisira kugarwa yacho mubvunzo German.

The chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa ne payakavakirwa "4 + 2": West Germany, East Germany, USA, USSR, UK, France. Hazvibetseri kusaina kwakaitika musi 31.08.1990, muna Berlin Palace "alle Den Linden". The tsiye chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kuti chinokosha kupera XX remakore, upenyu Europe aiva reunification pamusoro Germany (1990).

Photos of Namachinda State, uyewo vanhu vaivapo panguva chiitiko, anoratidza kuti "nhoroondo iri kuita" iri mumadziro wenhare. Chokwadi, aitungamirira vavariro yakanga kusangana kubatana nenyika. Yakanga muenzaniso kubatana mukati imwe mamiriro upfumi zviviri zvakasiyana uye magariro evanhu muhurumende.

On the kubatana chibvumirano

Pre kubva German inoti kusaina chibvumirano akaisa Minister of Interior Volfang Shoyble West Germany uye State Munyori muparamende of GDR Günther Krause. The chibvumirano pacharo kuti pave zvokudya Article XXIII pakati Germany Constitution nokubatana GDR kuna frg.

12.09.1990 muMoscow vashumiri Foreign Affairs ari rubatso nyika akasaina Treaty pakupedzisira akagadzirisa izvi.

Somugumisiro, maererano chibvumirano, dzimwe maawa 0 maminitsi 00 kuti 14.10.1990, muna Federal Republic of Germany akapinda enhoroondo nyika German: nharaunda East Berlin, muThuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg.

Kubatanidzwa Germany tichienzanisa nedzimwe zvakaitika 1990

A kuziva chinhu - kare. Ongororo wake kazhinji dzova migumisiro inonakidza.

A yakareba kuparadzana uye pereosoznaniya hurumende paradigm vokuGermany vaida pamberi zvirongwa kuva chokwadi. Chii isu tiwane mhinduro, kana ukabvunza (zvichireva kwete anotevedzana chinoumba, uye budiriro): "? Kubatanidzwa Germany (1990) apo nzvimbo"

Mugore, apo Soviet Union akava mutongi wokutanga (uye pakupedzisira) President, apo Armenian SSR akataura hondo Azerbayzhanskoy SSR, kana kudzora multi-nebato, apo Communist Party akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa muPoland yakatangwa Yugoslavia (PZPR). Kana Western Europe vakanga kusanganisa pezvakaitwa kuMabvazuva - differentiating.

wakakurumidza nguva. Vatange muitiro nokuzvidzora nokuporesa vanhu budiriro, "akanga achirwara" urudzi uye communism. Uye zvinoshamisa kuti vakatanga muEurope. Ndiani angadai akambofunga Somuenzaniso, kuti XXI remakore German wokumwe mutemo raizova kutsigisa chikonzero runyararo Europe?

Asi vanyori vezvakaitika kare kudana European Rubicon ndiyo kubatanidzwa Germany (1990). Migumisiro chiitiko ichi - the kwouzivi: asi kare amorphous enyika vokuEurope pakupedzisira akatanga kusonganira imwe commonality pachavo.

mhedziso

Takurukura kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990, akadzidza somunhu pakabvunzurudzwa vokuGermany pachavo, uyewo shanduro German venhau. Zvinosuruvarisa epamba kunobva mashoko ichi - nekambani. Kurondwa kuedza kuderedza basa nokuwadzana ichi.

Somuenzaniso, bulges unozotevera kuvhara of GDR-ovskogo vaitungamirira kambani "Robotron" zvemagetsi (aita, kunyanya, wokutanga PC). Panguva iyoyowo kuvanza chokwadi kuti vezvikwata ayo akanga waakatenga kambani "Siemens", iro ngaakushongedzei navo Newest ano, pamusoro hurongwa akasimudza makwikwi kwavo munyika.

Norusaruro hushed uye yeko muEast Germany yokutungamirira makambani dzakawanda, uye pakusika chitsva musika zvivako (somuenzaniso, Frankfurt Stock Exchange). Artificially akasika sokuti upenyu muna GDR yakaguma accession of Federal Republic of Germany kuti vanhu vane mwoyo uye vanorwara kuti gutsaruzhinji.

Chaizvoizvo, zvisinei - chikuru kugadzirisa yose indasitiri of GDR kwakakonzera reunification pakati Germany (1990). Muchidimbu ayo kugutsikana pachinzvimbo kwemakemikari, Whitehead Textile, simbi, achishanda kuti mugovanisi nyika yakatanga kuva zvakarurama Vanamakanika (zvinozivikanwa kuti vokuGermany - akaisvonaka mainjiniya munyika), kuvaka indasitiri, optics, motokari, zvokudya indasitiri. The muitiro rakarongwa neDare wokuGermany zvakasimba uye zvakajeka. Kucheka mabasa kubhadhara makomborero, ivo retrained unyanzvi hutsva. Vanhu vari kuuya pamudyandigere zera, achiri vakagamuchira mudyandigere.

Achipedzisa hurukuro pabepa ichi, ticharamba kuratidza chivimbo chedu chokuti kubatanidzwa Germany muna 1990 uye ayo nechirevo enyika hadzisi kwazvo kudzidza uye vakaongorora.