"Kosygin nadzurudzo" - Zvaiitika

Alekseya Kosygina vaiona kwete chete ane ruzivo maneja uye unyanzvi, simba murongi, asiwo akangwara kwazvo uye akachenjera President of Government yose post-hondo nguva yacho USSR.

Izvi zvakabatsira chaizvo uye "Kosygin kuchinja" - rokutanga pashure pehondo mukuedza kutengesa ndege yacho kuchinja hwenyika yeSoviet. Yazadza kwete chete zvose matavi bhizimisi uye zvokurima, asiwo zvinenge mabhora ose oupenyu.

"Kosygin nadzurudzo" akanga zvainanga kuwedzera incentives kwoupfumi uye ezvokutengeserana kuzvitonga. Maererano Mutongo Plenum of CPSU muna 1965, kwakasarudzwa kuti vashandure zvose maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Chinangwa chikuru sarudzo iyi pakupedzisira kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda basa ravo.

Kunopiwa, kunze Gross, suma pfungwa mutengo wokutengesa, kusikwa nevakawanda mari yacho muhoro, yaipedzerwa centralized guta upfumi. Kuti vabatsire basa emakambani ari kwemari aivapa kuenda.

"Kosygin nadzurudzo" aiva nezvinangwa akawanda: kusimbisa mira simba, umutse nechepakati shumiro maindasitiri, abolition zvoupfumi matare.

Reform rakatangwa muna 1965 kare pamwe Munyori General Leonid Brezhnev. Uye kana akamboda kumisa flywheel kuchinja raparurwa kunyange pasi baba vake - Khrushchev, Kosygin hupfumi kuchinja kungangova kuti akapfuura. Kunyange pasina kuchinja simba, kwete "muzinda" kubvuta masimba vakatadza kudzima magetsi nguva apo zvinodiwa upfumi.

Pamberi kuitwa pakati kuchinja danho dzose seboka zvebhizimisi yaidzorwa rokupedzisira kese, yaivhara chero kuedza panguva zveupfumi anofambisa. Munyika, vakavhura muchiuto mudonzvo maitiro wayo hune sirogani: "chero mutengo kupa zano."

Nyika "Kosygin kuchinja" akasangana ambiguously. Bhizimisi zhinji Executives akazviona somukana wakanaka uwane zvimwe mari, vamwe akafanotaura emari rokupedzisira kuparara.

Makambani vaigona kuva zvoupfumi andinenge, uye saka kutsvaka mikana kuwedzera purofiti yavo. Panguva iyoyowo, yezwi profitability zvakakurudzira mitengo munyika.

Zvisinei, maererano nezvoupfumi zhinji, panguva "Kosygin kuchinja" dzavo dzemari uye munzanga kuita zvakanakisisa ose makore yepashure pehondo.

Zvisinei, kuchinja haana akakwana; icho kutaridza dzinopikisana uye zvakasiyana zvinogadzirisa, sezvo Kuwedzera kuzvionera akaitwa pamwe nokusimbaradza namasimba hushumiri.

Yose pfungwa yaiva kuti pakutevedzera nomumwe pamusika regulators ari vasiri musika murayiro-administrative hurongwa, "Kosygin zvinhu" haana kupa anokosha nokuda musika upfumi - vakasununguka kune yaidzorwa mutengo. Uye ichi, uyewo, rinongotaura Zvakaitwa dzokutyaira levers sezvo profitability uye mubereko. Somugumisiro, nyika akatanga mitengo akavanzika, kunobatsira kwete kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda okuwana, asi nekuda artificially dzakakwirira mitengo, uye nezvimwe zvinetso zvakawanda zvakakomba.

Ndokusaka nokukurumidza pamusoro bato utungamiri akanzwa kuti pane simba ravo Mhedziso akatanga pachirukiso kutyisidzira. Uye nemakore 70s zvinhu yakanga derailed, uye chinangwa chake asina kubudirira.

Vanochinja, kusanganisira pachake Kosygin, vanonzwisisa kuti zvakakosha kuti vashandure upfumi, kwete Soviet Union, uye nheyo yacho magariro, mararamiro munyika. Zvisinei, havana vanomiririra mashandiro naro zvinofanira kutakurirwa kunze, kunyange vachiziva kuti "mwana" akasika navo waikwanisa kuchera nheyo ehurumende uye kukanganisa kugadzikana munyika.