Iro guta Russia akaramba Mongolian mauto munguva nezvokubvuta?

Mongol-Tatar kubvuta kwakakanganisa kwazvo enyika, zvoupfumi uye zvetsika kukura weRussia. Nechisimba Central muArabhu Asian akaita sefungu kurwisa vanhu vedu. Zvisinei, vanhu vamwe akavakirirwa nemisha, uyo aida kukanda mapfumo pasi pasina kurwa, Kumukundi uyu dzimwe nguva zvinovava kuurayiwa. Ngationei kuti maguta Russia akaramba Mongol mauto?

MARARAMIRO Mongol nechisimba Rus '

Great Mongolian warlord Genghis Khan akasimbisa guru ane ndima akapfuudza kukura ose kusvikira raivapo panguva iyoyo inoti. Kunyange muupenyu hwake anongofamba vazhinji vavamba magwanza yeGungwa Azov, apo Hondo Kalka River akakunda uto Russian-Polovtsian. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga ushori kushanda, yakagadzirirwa zvakare kugadzira Mongol-Tatars nzira kuEastern Europe.

Basa kukunda vanhu Europe akanzi zvizvarwa mwanakomana Genghis Khan, Jochi, rave dzinounzwa ive nhaka yokumadokero ulus umambo. Chisarudzo kufora kumavirazuva rwakaitwa vsemongolskom Kurultai muna 1235. Panotangira guru Mongol hondo yakanga mwanakomana Jochi , Batu Khan (Batu).

First pasi kumanikidzwa revarwi ake akawira Bulgarian Khanate. Akabva atamira revanhu vake zvemisoro Russian. Munguva nechisimba Batu dzakatorwa maguta makuru Russia, sezvo ichakurukurwa pazasi zvizere. Zvishoma zvikuru wakakomborerwa uye vagari vekumaruwa, nekuti zvirimwa vakanga tsikwa, uye vazhinji vavo kana kuurayiwa kana vakaburitswa muutapwa.

Saka ngationei guta Russia akaramba Mongolian mauto.

Yokukombwa Ryazan

Wokutanga maguta Russian Mongol simba kukanganisa zvikuru Ryazan. Kudzivirira guta yakatungamirira Prince Ryazanskiy Yuriy Chikareva, uyo akanga achibatsirwa womunun'una wake Oleg I Ryazan.

Pashure pakatanga kukombwa Ryazan akaratidza zvishamiso heroism uye zvakasimba vakabata guta. Ivo zvinobudirira vamutye Mongol kurwisa mukati memazuva mashanu. Asi zvino Tatars vakauya zvombo zvavo kukombwa, izvo vakadzidza kushandisa, zvakawanda kurwa China. With hwokugadzira zvivako izvi vakakwanisa kuputsa masvingo Ryazan uye kutora guta kwemazuva matatu. Zvino December 1237.

Prince Igor Y. akaurayiwa Oleg Ingvarevich akatorwa musungwa vemo Ryazan pamwe raurayiwa, pamwe vakapukunyuka muchisango, uye guta riri zvachose uye haana kupfuura munzvimbo haana yakadzorerwa.

kutora Vladimir

Mushure achitora Ryazan pasi Mongol kumanikidzwa yakatanga kunaya, uye mamwe maguta. State muRussia muchimiro zvemisoro nokuda kwayo kusabatana haisi kupa zvakakodzera kurambwa kuti muvengi. EMongolia vakabatwa Kolomna uye Moscow. Pakupedzisira Tatar neuto muguta Vladimir, akasiya pamberi Prince wake Yuri Vsevolodovich. Vagari vakatanga kugadzirira rinorema kukombwa. Vladimir guta muRussia rekare raiva guru zveupfumi uye enyika nepakati, uye eMongolia vainzwisisa yayo inokosha kukosha.

Vatungamiri muguta kudzivirira pasina baba vakatora vanakomana paGrand Prince pakati Vladimir uye Mstislav Vsevolod Yurevichi uye Voevoda Potr Oslyadyukovich. Kunyange zvakadaro, Vladimir aigona kuchengeta mazuva mana chete. In February 1238 akawa. Okupedzisira kutsigira weguta akatora utiziro mumapako nokufungidzira Cathedral, asi rwakaramba Akavabudisa chete chiduku reprieve parufu. Kwapera mwedzi, kwokupedzisira kukundwa Prince Vladimir kweRussia Yuri Vsevolodovich yaiiswa River City. Muhondo iyi akaurayiwa.

Kozelsk - "Yakaipa City"

Kana abvunza, chii maguta Russia akaramba Mongolian mauto, iva nechokwadi unorangarira Kozelsk. umhare kurwisa kwake chakakodzera akapinda enhoroondo nyika yedu.

Pamberi pakutanga April 1238 kusvikira eMongolia akasvika kuguta duku Kozelsk raiva guta guru yakazvimirira weutungamiriri, iri Chernigov munyika. Prince Vasili pakanga mhando gumi Olegoviches. Asi pasinei kukura kwayo, uye mucheche ari mutongi, Kozelsk aiva wakarebesa uye apererwa nemishonga yacho eMongolia wenhare zvose Russian, vasati vasanganiswa. Nyore Batu akakunda maguta makuru Russia, uye taundi duku iri akakwanisa kutora chete vachiisa masvingo aro vakasarudzwa masoja anopfuura zviuru zvina Mongolian. Kukomba rwakatora vhiki nomwe.

Nokuda mutengo zvinodhura kuti aifanira kubhadhara nokutora Batu Kozelsk, akarayira kubva vanouti "guta zvakaipa." The yose vakawanda yakanga yakaponda. Asi simba nokuda Mongol mauto akamanikidzwa kudzokera inowanzorimwa, nokudaro kunonoka rufu guta guru Russia - Kiev.

Rufu Kiev

Kunyange zvakadaro, mune inotevera 1239 iri eMongolia vakaramba zvavo wokumavirira kudii uye akadzoka kubva steppes, vakabata uye vakaparadza Chernigov, uye mumatsutso 1240 akauya Kiev - amai mumaguta Russian.

Pakazosvika nguva yaiva guta guru Russia chete pamutemo, kunyange zvazvo akaramba guru guta. Pehurumende Kiev Prince Galician-Volynskiy Daniil. Kudzora guta, akaisa tysyatskogo ake Dmitriev, uyo akatungamirira kwokudzivirira eMongolia.

By masvingo Kiev akaenda anenge vose vehondo Mongolian, kupindira kumadokero pamushandirapamwe. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku guta akakwanisa kuomerera kwemwedzi mitatu, pane imwe - akawira mumazuva mapfumbamwe chete.

Mushure kubatwa zviri Kiev eMongolia yakarwisa Russia muna Galicia, uko vari kunyanya musoro nemishonga aiva Danilov, Kremenets uye Hill. Mushure kubatwa Maguta aya kukunda kubudikidza eMongolia nyika Russian kunganzi sezvo apera.

Migumisiro kutora maguta Russian ose eMongolia

Saka isu afunga izvo maguta Russia akaramba Mongolian mauto. Vakatambura kubva Mongol nechisimba zvikuru. Population zvavaikwanisa kutengesa muuranda, uye akaipisisa - chose richivezwa. Pachavo sezvo guta vakapisa uye rakaparadzwa pasi. Zvisinei, vakawanda vavo vachiri akakwanisa kuvakazve paya. Zvisinei, kuzviisa pasi uye kuzadzisa zvose zvinodiwa eMongolia sezvo nhoroondo inoratidza hakurevi guta, kuti aizoramba node.

Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure emakore mashomanana, ukuru Russian kwakatosimba, tichivimba kusanganisira guta, uye vaigona itangezve vanovengwa Mongol-wechiTatar joko. A nguva Muscovite Russia.