Interesting zvinhu pamusoro renzou. Kudzidza dzomuchadenga of Solar System

Zvichida isu tese kuti chidimbu zvakasikwa, maigara isu, inonzi renzou. Hot nyeredzi, pamwe akapoteredza mapuraneti akatanga inotungamirwa kwayo anenge mabhiriyoni 4,6 akapfuura. Zvino paiva rinokweva pokuwa samolecular yomuchadenga makore. pokuwa pakati apo vakawanda vaunganidza nyaya, vakapfuurira azova Sun, uye akapoteredzwa protoplanetary gore akapa pave zvimwe zvinhu zvose.

Information pamusoro zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri pakutanga chete panguva akataurwa denga usiku. Sezvo kuvandudzika kuti materesikopu uye namajoko, masayendisiti akadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro dzakapoteredza nzvimbo. Zvisinei, vose zvinofadza zvikuru zvinhu pamusoro zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri dzaigona kutengwa chete pashure pakutanga nzvimbo zera - iri 60s remakore rapfuura.

mamiriro

The nechepakati chinhu chidimbu chedu zvakasikwa - ndiro zuva. Around zvinoitika mapuraneti sere: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. More ichangopfuura dzichengeterwe vanonzi zvinhu mhiri-Neptunian, anosanganisira Pluto uye musingashayiwi 2006 kubva nyika mamiriro. Iye nemiviri wandei zvomuchadenga anonzi mapuraneti zviduku. Masere zvikuru Sun pashure zvinhu zviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: mapuraneti pano (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) uye hombe nyika yose nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, vanonakidza zvinhu pamusoro kutanga chokwadi kuti ine zvinenge zvachose negasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Pakati Mars uye Jupiter nhema Asteroid vematunhu, apo pane mapuraneti duku zhinji uye asteroids kutadza chimiro. Nokuti muchadenga pamusoro Neptune ndipo Kuiper Belt uye chokuita vakapararira Disc. asteroid bhandi kunyanya unotora zvinhu zvinosanganisira dombo uye simbi, apo Kuiper Belt akazadza echando zvitunha mavambo siyana. vakapararira Disc zvinhu vari kunyanya nechando sezvamunoita.

zuva

Interesting nezvendima zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri anofanira kutanga kutaura naye pakati. Giant incandescent maapallo ane womukati tembiricha zvinopfuura rworwendo miriyoni 15 ari kupfuura kuramba 99% kurema yose yezvinhu. Sun rinoreva rudzi chetatu chenyeredzi, riri anenge pakati kwayo upenyu kutenderera. zvinokosha - nzvimbo rukuru yenyukireya siyana zvichizoita hydrogen kupinda nehelium. Uyu muitiro kunotungamirira kuti paumbwe hombe yakawanda simba, iyo zvino kunopinda kusanganisira Earth.

remangwana

, Izvozvo rinopisa shure kwemakore anenge mabhiriyoni 1,1, zuva achaita dzinopedza hydrogen chinotsva pemvura napo. Panguva ino, kazhinji munyika zvichapfuura zvinenge zvose upenyu. Conditions kuchaita kuti tirambe chete zvinenge pakadzika munyanza. Kana zera zuva achava mabhiriyoni 12.2 makore zvichafambira kupinda dzvuku hofori. Dzokunze akaturikidzana renyeredzi mune ichi kusvika Earth muchadenga. Nyika yedu panguva ino kana chinja kuti muchadenga zvikuru kure, kana nyura.

In danho rinotevera kwezuva anorasikirwa rayo goko, izvo achava yemapuraneti nebula chena zvipfupi vanoumba chinoumba kwezuva - kukura Pasi - pakati.

Mercury

Nepo Sun achiri kugadzikana, uye acharamba kudzidzwa mapuraneti ari renzou. Yokutanga yepasi pose muviri zvakakwana guru saizi, iyo inogona kuwanikwa, kana kure nyeredzi yedu kumudzivo gadziriro - ndiye Mercury. The pedyo kuna Sun, nepo chiduku nyika Akaongorora midziyo "Kumufambisi Wechikepe 10", uyo akakwanisa mufananidzo pamusoro. Kudzidza Mercury kudziviswa napedyo wayo nyeredzi, saka kwemakore, akagara havaratidzi kunzwisisa. Mushure "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10" yakatanga kufamba muna 1973, Mercury ave "Mutumwa." The chitundumusere-musere yakatanga basa rayo muna 2003. kakawanda nendege kune nyika, uye muna 2011 akava shamwari yake. Nemhaka iyi tsvakurudzo ruzivo pamusoro zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri zvave kuwedzerwa zvakati.

Nhasi tinoziva kuti, kunyange zvazvo Mercury uye pedyo Sun, hachisi Hottest nyika. Venus panyaya iyi zvakasimba mberi. Mercury haana mhepo chaiyo: yozodzokera kunze mhepo kwezuva. Nokuti nyika hwokuratidza gasi goko ane zvikuru pasi kumanikidzwa. Day musi Mercury ndiye anenge maviri Earth mwedzi, gore runogara mazuva 88 of yedu, kureva mazuva asingasviki maviri Mercurian.

Venus

Nokuda kutiza "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-2" zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro dzaro, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinopera simba, uye pane dzimwe - hunopfumiswa. Achimirira kutambira mashoko aya kubva chitundumusere-musere Venus kwainzi muridzi kutonhora, uye zvichida gungwa, akaona mukana wokuita yokuwana upenyu pamusoro payo. "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-2" akaita akasara zviroto izvi. Studies pamusoro mudziyo ichi, uyewo nevamwe ataurwa asi yaisazoraramika mufananidzo. Under zvakaturikidzaniswa zvomumhepo, kunyanya zvinosanganisira carbon dioxide, uye mumakore sulfuric asidhi zviri anenge dzvuku-kupisa kusvika 500 ° C pemvura. Hapana mvura uye haagoni kuzivikanwa zvipenyu. Venus kunyange chitundumusere-musere haringamiri; ivo kunyunguduka kupisa.

Mars

4 yemapuraneti zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, uye vokupedzisira Earth-zvakadai - zviri Mars. The Red Planet hwagara Akakwezva masayendisiti, ndiwo muzinda tsvakurudzo nhasi. Mars rave vakadzidza vakawanda "Kumufambisi Wechikepe", vaviri "VaViking" uye Soviet "Mars". Kwenguva refu nguva vanoongorora zvenyeredzi akafunga kuwana pamusoro pemvura Red Planet mvura. Nhasi tinoziva kuti kamwe pamusoro nguva Mars akatarisa zvachose zvakasiyana pane chinhu zvino, zvichida, zvakanga mvura. Zvave, maererano iyo nokuchinja pamusoro hunhu vakabatsira Mars kudhumhana huru asteroid vanobva mavanga muchimiro craters shanu. Zvakaguma njodzi misha pakati matanda yepasi vanenge 90º, kuwedzera kuputika basa uye kufamba lithospheric kwamahwendefa. Panguva iyo paine, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Mars vakarasikirwa mvura, mumhepo kumanikidza panyika yekudyidzana ndokuramba, pose vakatanga zvifanane kugwenga.

Jupiter

mapuraneti Large munyika nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, kana gasi varefu, akaparadzaniswa kubva Earth-asteroid bhandi. The dzepedyo wavo kusvikira zuva Jupiter. Nokuti kwayo saizi zviri nani kupfuura vamwe mapuraneti ose ezvinhu edu. Gas Zirume akadzidza kushandisa midziyo "Voyager" 1 uye 2, uye "Galileo". Last kuwa akanyorwa pamusoro pemvura Jupiter kometi nezvimedu shangu-Levy 9 akanga akasiyana sezvo chiitiko pacharo, uyewo mukana kuchichengeta. Somugumisiro, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuwana kwete chete nhamba mifananidzo dzinonakidza, asi vamwe mashoko pamusoro kometi uye Kuronga nyika.

Hazvibetseri kuwira Jupiter hwakasiyana zvakafanana pamusoro yepasi pose nemiviri yenyika. Shards kunyange rakakura saizi havagoni kusiya mwena pamusoro pemvura Jupiter Kunoumbwa zvinenge zvachose negasi. Kometi aingofunga nokuda okumusoro akaturikidzana zvomumhepo, akasiya pamusoro pemvura erima mavanga, izvo nokukurumidza anyangarika. Sezvineiwo, Jupiter, nokuda kwayo ukuru uye uremu, anoita basa venherera Nyika, akaita akadzivirira nayo kubva siyana ungwandangwanda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti gasi hofori akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha iri kwaita upenyu kubva chero marara yakawira Jupiter, nyika angaita kuti vakawanda kutsakatika. Uye kana mapopoma dzakadaro kuitika kakawanda tanga upenyu, zvichida vanhu havana kurarama kusvikira ikozvino.

hama yava njere

Kudzidza dzomuchadenga zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri uye pezvakasikwa yose, kwete muduku akaita pamwe nechinangwa zvawatsvaga, izvo zvinogona vanowanika kana kurarama ikoko kare. Zvisinei, ndeyokuti zvose zvokuti vanhu havagoni kubata basa, uye vose nguva kuitenga nayo. Naizvozvo, kuti midziyo "Voyager" akanga nepokuongorora kumativi aruminiyamu bhokisi raiva Video Disc. Rine mashoko, maererano masayendisiti, anokwanisa kutsanangurira vamiririri dzimwe dzomunyika angawanika muchadenga apo Earth navageremo. Mifananidzo anofananidzirwa nharaunda, ari anatomical nemamiriro DNA kwevanhu mamiriro, mifananidzo paupenyu vanhu nemhuka, yakanyorwa mitinhimira: shiri vachiimba, mwana achichema, mvura, ruzha uye nevamwe vakawanda. The dhisiki inopiwa pamusoro Coordonatele pakati zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri 14 kumusoro pulsars. Tsanangudzo dzine vachishandisa binary gore.

"Voyager 1" muna 2020 pamusoro vachisiya zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri uye kunyange emakore vazhinji Surf pezvakasikwa nzvimbo. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kuwanikwa zvimwe dzomunyika earthlings mashoko zvingaitika zvikuru nokukurumidza, panguva kana redu kuchanyarara kuvapo. Panyaya iyi, iyo dhisiki pamwe ruzivo pamusoro vanhu uye nyika - zvose chinoramba kwevanhu muzvinhu zvose.

itsva denderedzwa

Pakutanga mashoko XXI remakore kufarira muchadenga ubanguranyika kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa. Interesting nezvendima zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri kuramba kuunganidza. Kushongedza rwendo kuna Mars, yakanatswa Data pamusoro gasi hofori. Gore gore kwakavandudzwa midziyo, kunyanya kukura pakubhadhara itsva injini kuti zvichaita kuti Vols zvakawanda kure nenhengo nzvimbo nezvishoma mafuta mari. Scientific mberi sangano rinopa tariro yokuti zvinofadza zvikuru pamusoro zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri achakurumidza kuva chikamu ruzivo rwedu tinogona kuwana uchapupu ariko of Oort gore, kunzwisisa chaizvo chii chakaita kuti mamiriro ekunze pamusoro Mars uye sei pamberi, mundotarisisa zvakakangwa Mercury, pakupedzisira, kuvaka hwaro pamusoro Moon. Wildest vanorota ano nyanzvi zvakatonyanya chinzvimbo kupfuura mamwe mafirimu zvakazonaka. The dzinonakidza ndechokuti nebudiriro engineering wefizikisi vanoti pamusoro chaiye yaibvira yemberi chikuru zvirongwa.