Kusika United Nations

UN kwemakore anopfuura 65, chinonyanya mumiririri dzakawanda sangano yokutaura dzakakosha munyika zvematongerwo enyika, uye kuona kuchengeteka munyika yose.

Creation weUnited Nations chakaitwa zvichibvira pashure mukukunda Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa pamusoro Germany uye ayo nevatsigiri muHondo Yenyika II.

The danho rekutanga kusikwa munyika sangano, icho wavhomorwa kure basa kusawirirana pakati nyika kuitira kudzivisa chidzoke hondo itsva munguva yemberi, aiva kusaina esungano pakati USSR uye Great Britain (12/07/1941). Zvadaro, zvibvumirano akafanana vakanga yakasainwa pamwe Czechoslovakia uye Poland.

Kunyange zvazvo gore pakusikwa United Nations - ndiyo 1945, muitiro yokugadzirira chiitiko ichi akatanga ipapa. Muna August-September 1941, gwaro akasikwa, kuunganidzwa zvinodiwa nemasimba matatu - Soviet Union, USA uye muUK. Akava Pfungwa hwaro mutsva Anti-yechiFascist mubatanidzwa. Akasaina Atlantic Charter kwaibva mukuru misimboti, izvo vaifanira kuomerera nyika munguva yehondo: hapana miganhu increments, vakabata nyika miganhu zvose kuchinja chete chete mvumo vevanhu vanogara pamusoro pavo.

January 1, 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, Soviet Ambassador Litvinov uye Minister of Foreign Affairs pakati China Sun Tzu-Wen akasaina Declaration of United Nations. Gwaro iri raiva inonzwisisika kuenderera Atlantic Charter rakazoshandiswa ambotaurwa.

Mushure okukunda pana Stalingrad uye Kursk kuzvimba pashure pehondo kugarwa nenyaya yakatsviriridza. Kukunda akasimbisa kwazvo simba Soviet Union iri renyika. Moscow akabata kuvafarira, uye pamusoro nedzenyu mberi. Creation weUnited Nations yakatangwa kunyatsotaura Union anonzwisisa kudiwa kuumba sangano kuti aizokwanisa kuramba kuchengeteka uye runyararo.

The mubvunzo rakasikwa sangano yakadaro akamutswa panguva Moscow Conference (October 1943). Panguva iyi gwaro yakasainwa, vachirondedzera kuchengeteka munyika yose. "Declaration of Four Nations," akanga rakanyorwa pachishandiswa yakawiriranwa chibvumirano pakati pokuita nyika kuvaka ukama hwavo pamusoro nheyo nevanhu mubatanidzwa.

UN yokusika musi Zvisinei, akanga achiri kure-kure. Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro uye akaona kudiwa kusimbisa sangano nekukurumidza kuti chisarudzo chokupedzisira zvakatora akawanda kutopfuura.

Kurutivi Soviet zvinganaka pokugadzwa vamiririri namasimba vatatu basa nekuda pokumuka nhau chokuita kufarirwa mumiririri itsva sangano. Zvisarudzo wokurera ari Moscow Conference, akanga kuzodzosera yasimbiswa pamusangano Stalin, Churchill uye Roosevelt muna Tehran.

Pakazosvika 1944, mugumisiro hondo kare pachena. Shanda kugadzirisa matambudziko chokuita kusikwa munyika sangano, hazvina yekudyidzana kwakasimbiswa. Hurumende US anga aronga kuti abate mumwe musangano muna Washington. Countries "Big Nhatu" vakachinjanisa memorandums pamwe vaitaura wayo zvinokosha nzvimbo. August 21, pakuvhurwa musangano.

Creation weUnited Nations rava nyaya nguva. Countries vakava kutevera misimboti International Organization: 1. Changamire wakaenzana States zvose; 2. Kuramba nokutyisidzirwa simba matambudziko; 3. Mutambo waivako zvavo sungiro; 4. kuramba kubatsira nyika, ayo vatevedzere zvinoitwa kana kuzvidzivirira hunhu; Zvinogoneka kubatsirwa Organization kubudikidza States zvose. 6. kuona zviito dzimwe inoti maererano nenheyo Organization.

The chikuru miviri UN General Assembly akatanga, International Court of Justice, ari Security Council uye Secretariat.

The yokupedzisira pokugadzwa United Nations ichaitwa muna 1945, apo San Francisco Conference wacho wakasainwa United Nations Charter (26 June).