Chii yepamutemo chakavanzika

Official chakavanzika - zviri zvachose zvakavanzika ruzivo, kuwana rine vashoma vanhu. Kwairi akabvumira vanhu vanoda izvozvo mukufamba nounyanzvi basa, uyewo vanhu kuratidza anoridzora. Privacy anonzi kurambidza Kuziviswa kana leakage mashoko, uye rinoshandurwa kubva Chirungu shoko sezvo "chivimbo". Subject kune ichi chendangariro kuchengeteka magwaro uye kuchengetwa pachivande unokubvumira kudzivirira bhizimisi kana hurumende masangano kubva kuvhiringidza dzimwe wekuongorora.

Ndezvipi zvakavanzika izvi? Zvakavanzika mashoko - ndiwo mashoko kudzivirirwa nomutemo. Rinogona kuva pamutemo, vezvokutengeserana kana munhu muchivande, kwete chete nokuda pamutemo asiwo vanhu. Munhu anowana kuwana mashoko zvakasikwa ichi, vanofanira, sezvakanga mitemo yacho kwete pachena kana uchatamisa navo chero ezvinhu kumapati rechitatu. Zvakavanzika mashoko - hazvina chete nyanzvi pakavanda, asi mashoko kuti hapana nyaya haagoni kushandiswa kana Kutamiswa, kana muridzi wavo asina kutenderana kuburitsa. The anosiyiwa vari nyaya umo mashoko ichi kungada zvokutonga zviremera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sezvo mutemo pane kururamiswa yakajeka, iyo dzokwenyu mujeri ezvinhu ehurumende. All nyaya zvakavanzika mashoko anopiwa Mutemo Russian Federation nokuda Civil Rights.

Chii chaigona kuva pamutemo chakavanzika? Mune USSR, mashoko aya zvakanaka kudzivirirwa, uye mukuru zvakavanzika, sezvinoita mutemo, vari zvakanaka zvakachengetwa. Information ane zvinotevera mhando pachivande:

- ezvinhu pakavanda, kwakaratidzwa se "pamusoro chakavanzika" kana "chaiyo kukosha";

- nyanzvi pakavanda, izvo unosvitsa "Classified";

- chaizvo mashoko pasi pomusoro unoti "nokuti pamutemo kushandisa chete."

Nhasi Chakavanzika mashoko kumabasa kunogona vanoumba mashoko ari mamiriro pakavanda, uyewo nomukaka mashoko akadaro. The Data yaiva uye zvakachengetwa muhurumende uye vehurumende zvomunzvimbo, anogona kuva mashoko kuti haisi pasi kuburitsa. Official chakavanzika Angasanganisira mashoko panyaya vehurumende ukama mutemo, kana hadzisi kune basa muchivande. In Art. 139 of Civil Code mashoko, ndiyo yepamutemo chakavanzika angava mashoko pamusoro sevanakomana, pamusoro vanachiremba zvokuongorora wevarwere ari oga deposits mune mabhanga. Izvi zvinogona kunzi sezvo mashoko nezvemabasa resangano, kufambiswa kwemashoko iyo kunokonzerwa nebasa zvakafanira.

Uyo pamutemo zvakavanzika zvinofanira kuremekedzwa? Chokutanga, inofanira kuchengeta avo vashandi vanoshanda mune zvemitemo, Executive nezvakatongwa masimba, vashandi vane paruzhinji zviremera uye mabhizimisi akaisa kuti masangano aya. Persons vanovakurudzira mashoko kuferefeta pakavanda, nezvaakatonga kana zvechiuto chakavanzika vangagara nemutadzi kusunga.

Chii basa pachivande? Izvi zvinosanganisira mashoko pamusoro zvokugadzira zvinhu, maindasitiri, zvesayenzi, zvekushandisa, zveupfumi uye mari mabasa, anomirira kukosha kwete chete nokuda nhasi asiwo mune ramangwana. Official uye zvokutengeserana zvakavanzika Russian Federation mitemo yaidzivirira Saizvozvowo, kunyange zvazvo vaine misiyano inokosha. Commercial zvakavanzika nokuti muridzi wacho kukoshesa kuchengetedzwa izvo kunobva zvisingabatsiri chete, asiwo zvemari basa yacho. Magetsi uye zvokutengeserana chakavanzika vari rubatso nokuda chakaipa kushanda vamwe Federation.