How kuverenga ramangwana mudyandigere pachako: ukuru, muhoro, mutoo, muenzaniso

Kuziva kuverenga nguva yeramangwana inokosha, sezvo ruzivo urwu rucharatidza pachena ramangwana rezvemari mushure mekushanda kwebasa rinoshanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukati megwaro rehurukuro iyi pane zvakawanda zvakajeka zvisingazivikanwi nemunhu akawandisa mumugwagwa.

Basic Information

Usati wadzidza kuverenga algorithm, zvinonzwisisika kuti unzwisise kushanda kwepensheni. Imwe yezvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka ndeiyo inotevera: ndeyemari yekubhadhara mibairo uye zvimwe zvikwereti kune vagari venyika avo vakave vashandi, uye nekuda kwemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira makore, havagone kuzviriritira ivo pachavo.

Kune mhando mitatu yemapenisheni ekushanda yaunofanira kuziva pamusoro pazvo:

- TA inokonzerwa nekuremara;

- TA nezera (kurembera);

- TP, inobatanidza nekurasikirwa kwomunhu anopa zvokudya.

Pamwoyo wekubhadhara mari yekubhadhara mari yepensheni inopa michumo yehushandi kubva kuvashandi. Vakadzi vakazosvika makore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye varume vakakunda muchengeti wemakore makumi matanhatu vanogona kutarisa penheji. Aya ndiwo mitemo yakanyatsojeka, kupa mhinduro nyore kumubvunzo - iyo yekusunungurwa kwemakore yakakosha iye zvino muRussia. Asi kunyange kana vagari venyika, sekutaura, vakagadzirisa, izvi hazvizosiyi zvisina hanya.

Panguva ino, mari yepensheni inoshandisa nzira yakanyanyisa yakaoma kuverenga kubhadhara, asi inotsanangurwa nechishuwo chekufunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinogona kuchinja kuwanda kwemari yekubhadhara. Asi, kazhinji, kuedza kunzwisisa kuti ungaverenga sei zera remakore emakore, unofanirwa kuongorora zvikwangwani zvinokosha zvinoshandiswa mukuverenga. Izvi ndizvo zvinotevera:

- BC (chikamu chechikamu). Inosimbiswa nehurumende yehurumende, ichifunga kuwanikwa kwemhuri dzemhuri mukuzvidzivirira, zvigadziriswa mubasa rekushanda nemakore.

- LF (iyo inowedzera chikamu chepensheni yebasa rekukwegura). Iyi chikamu inoumbwa kubva pamari inowanikwa kubva mune mari yekubhadhara mari yepensheni muPensheni Fund yeRussian Federation uye nemipiro yokuzvidira yerinishuwarenzi.

- MF (inshuwarti chikamu chepensheni). Icho chinowanikwa zvakananga pane penheji huru, iyo inosanganisira ine zvikamu zviviri: muyero wemipiro yveshuwarisi mushure me 2002 uye yakaverengwa mari yepensheni isati yasvika.

Muzvinyorwa, zvikamu zviviri zvemashoko pamusoro pevagari vemo zvinoshandiswa muhuwandu, mberi uye mushure mekugadzirisa penheji. Uye kune vagari vemo, vachida kunzwisisa kuti vangaronga sei pwere penheyo, Icho chikonzero chinofanira kuverengwa.

Uyezve, nyaya iyi ichakurukurwa zvakadzama, ichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakakosha kumapoka akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mauto.

Chii chakakosha kuongorora musati maverenga

Kuti unzwisise zvakajeka kuti ungaverenga sei pwere penheyo, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kune mamwe mavara ayo ukuru hwekubhadhara hunotendwa. Saka, kumapoka akasiyana evanhu vagari venyika uye mazwi ekuverengerwa achasiyana zvakasiyana:

- Vaya vari pamapenjeni, vanoramba vachiita basa, vanogona kutarisira kuti kubhadhara munyaya yavo havazoregereri uye, zvakare zvakare, kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

- Kana mugari akagadzirira kupedzisa nguva yebasa uye akashanda zvakawanda vasati vashandura, ipapo ruzivo rwake uye ruzivo ruchadzokororwa muzvikamu pasina mari inokuvara.

- Kune vanhu vane makore avo vava pedyo nekurega basa, asi havana kumbobvumirwa kushanda kwemakore 15. Iyi nharaunda yevagari vemo, sevanhu vasina ruzivo rwepamusoro zvachose, vachakwanisa kugamuchira chete hupfumi hwevanhu.

- Zvakakosha kuziva kuti basa rakashanda mumabasa maviri haichazobatsiri. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya inotevera: huwandu hwenheyo dzichazowedzerwa hucharamba huri pahuwandu hwevanhu vanowana mari yepamutemo kubva kune umwe muvakashani.

- Kufunga nezvenzira yekuverenga penheji pachayo, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuverenga kusina kuverenga kwekufarira pakati pebhadhiro uye mari yeupensheni kunogona kutungamirira mune zvimwe kurasikirwa. Nhamba yebhadharo ichave yakakura chete kana chikamu chekuunganidza chikava chinonyanya kukosha.

Zvakanaka, zvakajeka kuti izvo zvinonzi mubhadharo muvhopupepu zvinonyanya kukanganisa maonero epenheni, sezvo inonyanya kuderedza ukuru hwezvakabviswa.

Pamusoro pemaitiro system uye kuchinja kukuru

Zvakakosha kuziva nezvekuti kuchinja kwepenheni kwakagadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu, asi zvose zvinongobhadhara mari yekare. Munharaunda iyi, zvikamu izvo zvakaumba imwe chete zvakasununguka zvino zvakasununguka, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuverenga. Iyi inishuwarenzi uye penhesi yebasa. Iyo ndiyo fomu yveshuwarisi iyo inotsanangurwa nokufungisisa pfungwa. Kuti uunganidze nhamba inodikanwa yazvo, unofanirwa kugadzirisa nguva dzose muchikwata che inshuwarheni pensions. Asi zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuti kuchinja kwakadaro kwakakosha kune vagari vane basa rakatangwa muna 2015. Avo avo vakashanda nesimba kwenguva refu nguva iyi isati yasvika, pamusoro pekushandurwa kwegadziriro yacho vangave vasingafungi.

Asi kune vechidiki izvi zvinoreva kuti nenzira yakadaro sekuverenga kwepenheni, muvhareji wemari haisi iye oga anogadzirisa chimwe chinhu. Pasi rose, kuitira kuti unzwisise kuti ndeupi rudzi rwemari inogona kutarisirwa, zvinokosha kufunga nezvezvinhu zvikamu zvitatu:

- kureba kwebasa;

- nguva yekurega basa ;

- chiyero chekuderedzwa.

Kana kuchizvarwa chakare zvaive zvakakosha kuva nemari yakadzingwa mumutengo waidiwa uye mushoma wemakore mashanu ehupfumi hwebasa, basa rakaoma rakadikanwa rinodiwa kune vechidiki.

Chokutanga pane zvose, nguva yebasa rinodiwa basa rinowedzerwa, uye negore roga roga richakura kusvikira rasvika pamakore gumi nemashanu. Iyi nguva inofanira kuuya muna 2025.

Iye zvino-kunyanya pamusoro pezvinodikanwa kune avo vanoda kupiwa mari yehupfumi:

- Chokutanga pane zvose unoda kusvika kumakore ekurega basa. Kune vakadzi iyi makore 55, varume vanofanira kushanda kusvika 60.

- Zvakakosha kushanda basa rakaderera. Inenge iri nguva yemakore matanhatu kusvika ku15.

- Mamiriro ekupedzisira ndiyo kuwanikwa kwenhamba inoda kudiwa, iyo yakaenzana ne30 kana kupfuura.

Pfungwa dzinochengetedzwa zviri nyore. Kukurukurwa kuchapiwa kune zviratidzo zvakadai sokuwanda kwekuderedzwa, ruzivo rwebasa uye nguva iyo mumwe munhu anogara achabvisa.

Chirevo chekuverenga pensions, Ichitaura nezvevechidiki, inofanira kusanganisira zvose izvi zviratidzo. Kana iwe uchinge usisipo pfungwa kana chiitiko chichave chiduku kwazvo, ipapo kubuda kunzvimbo yakakodzera zvakakodzera kunonoka kwemakore mashanu. Uye munyaya iyi, maitiro eupenheni, zvemagariro kana ehurumende, haazove anokosha zvikuru.

Avo avo vanopedza basa ravo kana vakagadzirira kugumisa mabasa avo maererano nezera riri kuuya rekurega basa, haafaniri kuva nehanya. Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvicharatidzwa zvakare, zvingasava nemigumisiro pahukuru hwepenheni, kana kuti zvichaita kuti kuwedzere.

Kugona kugamuchira mabhonasi

Maererano nemutemo wezvino, vagari mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu vanogona kugamuchira mamwe mapeji. Mabhonasi akadaro anowanikwa munyaya dzinotevera:

- Kana uchitarisira vana vane hurema. Kwegore rimwe nerimwe rekuchengetwa kwakadaro, 1.8 pfungwa dzinopiwa.

- Apo mugari wevanhu anopfuura basa rechiuto muuto reRussia. Ikoko kuchavawo nezvikamu zve 1.8 zvinongororwa gore negore rebasa.

- Vakadzi vari pazororo rekuberekwa vanogona kuverenga mabhonasi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chirongwa chekubhadhara chinochinja zvishoma. Traditional 1.8 points inounza gore rokutanga remurairo. Mazuva makumi matatu nemazana matatu anotevera anopa mukana wekutora 3.6 mapeji. Gore rechitatu rekuenda kwekuchengetwa kwevana rinomutsa chikwangwani kusvika pazvikamu zvishanu. Kana nguva yechirevo ichi ichidarika makore matatu, gore rimwe nerimwe rinotevera nyika ichapa 5.4 points.

- Mabhonasi anowanikwawo kune avo vanotarisira hama yavo yezera rinopfuura makore 80. Pano, zvimhosva zvinoramba zviri pamwero wepamusoro (1.8).

Kuenderera mberi nehurukuro mipira, unofanirwa zvakare kutarisisa kukosha kwechiitiko chebasa. Sezvazvakanyorwa pamusoro apa, maererano nehurumende yekare, yakanga isiri chiratidzo chikuru, uko kuwanda kwezvakabviswa kwakabata basa rinokosha. Iye zvino mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja: paunenge uchiita saizvozvo nguva dzose pamubhadharo wemwedzi, sepenjeni, mubhadharo wekuwedzera kwebasa Ichava nechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha. Izvi zvinoreva kuti avo vakashanda kwenguva yakareba vacharumbidzwa nehupenyu hwavo hwakareba hushanda, huchava nehuwandu hwehukuru hwepensheni.

Kana tikataura nezvekuti mabhora anoverengerwa sei, saka tinoda kubhadhara mazano aya anotevera:

(IPO mugore reN / NGO mugore N) * 10.

Apo IPO inofanira kunzwisiswa semipiro yega yega yomunhu kune mari yepenjeni, neyo NGO isinganzwisisi zvido zvekubviswa, uye tsamba N inoshandiswa kududza gore rakasiyana.

Calculation scheme

Kutaura pamusoro pekubhadharwa kwemunguva yemberi kune vanhu vari pedyo nezera rekurega basa, zvakakosha kushandisa shanduro yakasiyana pane yevaduku, avo vachiri nebasa rakawanda rokuita.

Kana munhu weRussian Federation akatanga basa rake rebasa pamberi paJanuary 1, 2002, nzira yakatevera yekuverenga penhesi inokosha kwaari:

P = FBI + СЧ1 + СЧ2 + СВ.

IFBI inoda kunzwisisa chinangwa chakasimbiswa chepenjeni iyo nyika inogadza.

SCH1 ndiyo chikamu cheshuwarisi chepenheni yekuverengera iyo michina yevanoshandira inshuwarisi inoshandiswa kusvika muna 2002.

СЧ2 - iyo inshuwarisi chikamu, chine zvipo pashure pemuna 2002.

Sangano reC, chiyero chekugadzirisa maitiro chinotarisirwa uye chinoenderana nehuwandu hwemakore akazara ezviitiko.

Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuverenga sargorithm nezvikamu, ipapo mifananidzo yegadziriro yacho ichave yakaoma.

Saka, kutanga kwezvose, chiyero chechikoro chinotorwa munyaya, icho chichave chakakonzera zvakananga kuhukuru hwepensheni semugumisiro. Izvo zvinotevera: 0.55 zviyero zvinopiwa varume varume makumi maviri nemakore makumi maviri nemasere vasati vachinja (2002) uye vakadzi kwemakore makumi maviri. Kana chikamu ichi chakawedzerwa gore negore, 0.01 unit of coefficient inowedzerwa, asi ichi chiratidzo hachikwanise kudarika chiratidzo che 0.20. Saka, mukati megwaro rehurukuro "nzira yekuverenga nguva yemberi," unofanira kutanga kutarisa urefu hwebasa.

Zvadaro, kuverenga kwechiyero chemubhadharo wemangwana penhepfenyuro uye inowanikwa mairi munyika 2000-2001 yakaitwa. Sezvimwewo, dhesi inogona kushandiswa kwemwedzi mitanhatu yebasa pasina kusakatika.

Hukuru hwehuwandu hahufaniri kudarika 1.2. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro pevagari vekuFar North, chiratidzo ichi chichachinja-shanduka mukati ma 1.4-1.9 mauniti. Izvi zvinowanzoenderana neyeseji kune mubhadharo, mune imwe nzvimbo yakarongeka yakagadzirwa mune imwe nzvimbo.

Panzvimbo inotevera, mavhareji emari inogamuchirwa inowanikwa neyeseji uye nenhamba ye1671 rubles. Nhamba yekupedzisira ndiyo yega yega mwedzi mubhadharo yenyika ye 3rd quarter of 2001, iyo yakabvumirwa kuverenga. Somugumisiro, ukuru hwepensheni inodzokororwa maererano nemutemo mutsva.

Prefertial pension

Muchiitiko ichi, mubvunzo "kuti ungaverenga sei penheni iwe pachako?" Inobatsirawo. Asi kuti kuzviverenga-kuverengeka kuve kwakarurama, unofanirwa kuita zviito zvakatevera zvinotevera.

- Kutanga, zvakakosha kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pechinzvimbo chako - kana chakasarudzwa sechisarudzo. Kugamuchira ruzivo urwu kunobvira panzvimbo yeP PF, iyo ine mazita emabasa anobvumira vadzidzisi kuti vaende kunzvimbo yakakodzera yekuzorora pamberi pevamwe vagari vemo.

- Kana basa raidiwa rakawanikwa mune zvakarongwa, zvadaro zviito zvinotorwa zvichatorwa kuti uone nguva yakatarwa yebasa inonzi sehukuru. Panguva ino, zvakakosha kubhadhara nguva yose yebasa uye sangano iro rakakosha kushanda, sezvo panewo mazita emabhizimisi ane chokuita nesarudzo yakasarudzwa.

- Takaverenga chiitiko uye tanzwisisa nedheta pamusoro peaimbova mushandirwi, zvakakosha kuongorora, kana zvakagamuchirwa ruzivo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo wezvino. Zvadaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ingani mabhora yakawanda yakavimbiswa yemakore akashanda achabvumira, achifunga nezvehuwandu hwemaripo yepensheni. Aya mashoko anogonawo kuwanikwa mu PF.

- Nhamba yebhora inofanira kuwedzerwa nemutengo wepensheni, uye pakupedzisira, uwandu hwenyika yakaderedzwa huchawanikwa.

Kushandisa magetsi

Kune avo vanoda kuenda nenzira iri nyore, zvinonzwisisika kubhadhara penetator calculator, iyo iri pawebsite yepamutemo yeRussian Federation. Iyi purogiramu ichaita nyore nyore nzira yekuverenga zviratidzo zvinodiwa.

Iyi nheyo inofunga nheyo dzose dzinotaurira, dzinogona kuchinja huwandu hwepenjeni uye nguva yekurega basa. Zvose izvo zvinodiwa ndeyokuzadza zvose zvakasarudzwa masimi, iyo iri basa rakaoma.

Iro penetator calculator inokubvumira kuti uwane mufananidzo wakavimbika. Paanoita kuverenga, anofungisisa, somuenzaniso, basa muuto. Uye kunyange zvazvo nguva iyi isingatsanangurwi sechiitiko, mutongi weRussia Federation anowana 1.8 zvikamu zvaari.

Zvose makore akazvipira kumabasa ehurumende anotorwa munyaya. Izvo zvisingaiti munyaya iyi ndiyo nguva yekuberekwa uye nguva yekuraira. Nenzira, nhepfenyuro yezororo rekuchengetwa kwevana inotorwawo.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mutongi weRussia anogona kugamuchira 25% mubhadharo wepenheni kana akagara mumaruwa kwemakore makumi matatu adarika uye akashanda mune zvekurima.

Nzira yekugadzirisa nayo maonero eSoviet

Vakawanda vanofarira kuziva kuti vachazofunga sei urefu hwebasa rakawanikwa panguva yeSoviet, uye kana ichine kukosha zvachose. Pasina ruzivo urwu zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti ungaverenga sei penheji yemukadzi akaberekwa muna 1961 Uye vamwe vagari venyika vakatanga kushanda munguva dzevaSoviet.

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa gore ra2002, kusanganisira kusvikira panguva yekuumbwa kweRussian Federation, inotorwa. Kana kusati kwashandurwa kwehuwandu huwandu hwemakore ekushanda hwasvika 27, ipapo coefficient ichapiwa mhosva kwavari. Kukura kwaro kuchava nezvikamu zviviri: 0.55 kwemakore makumi maviri ezvakaitika kusvika muna 2002 uye 0.01 kwemwedzi gumi nemaviri kupfuura yehuwandu hwakatarwa, iyo inopfuura kwemakore manomwe ichave 0.07. Somugumisiro, chiyero icho mubhadharo chichazochinjwa chichava 1.2.

Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, kune vagari vazhinji veSoviet mubhadharo wekuverenga penhesi haisi kunyatsofungidzirwa. Pane kudaro, muvhareji wemubairo wenyika iyo kubva panguva ya2000 kusvika muna 2001 inotorwa, iyo yakanga yakakwana 1,647 rubles. Kubvisa mubhadharo weSoviet kuitira kuti unyatsonzwisisa mari yepensheni. Kune izvozvi zviratidzo zvichawedzerwa kuwedzeswa uye ruzivo rwakanyorwa shure kwekuvandudzwa.

Paavhareji, mugari wekugara akashanda kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu uye akawana mubhadharo we20,000 rubles. Ichakwanisa kuverenga penhesi iyo 35% yehukuru hwayo, kureva, zvishoma zvinopfuura 7,000 rubles. Izvozvo, zvichida, kwete muenzaniso chaiwo wekuyerera wekuverengwa kwepenheni ichave chaiye kune avo vagari vati vashanda kushanda panguva yeUSSR. Izvo chete ndeyekuti kana iwe ukashanda pamakore ekurega basa, mari inoshandiswa inoponeswa.

Servicemen

Nzira yekugadzirisa mubairo wepensheni yeiyo mutezo wevagari vemo ine maitiro ayo, iyo inofanira kuverengwa. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa maitiro ekuverenga mauto ehurumende, unofanirwa kuziva kuti muchengeti wokurasira mune imwe nyaya achafungisisa zvinotevera zviratidzo:

- Basa refu. Nguva yebasa rekushandira ine mhinduro yakanyanyisa pamari yekubhadhara. Kunze kwekudhura kwechiratidzo ichi mauto emasoja ehondo anogona kuwedzerwa ne50%. Uyezve, gore rega rega risingaregi rinounza mamwe mazana matatu kubva pamutengo.

- Kuremara, izvo zvinokonzerwa nechirwere. Munyaya iyi, iyo premium inogona kusvika 75%.

- Kuwana urema paaishumira muuto Russian. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kunobatsirei ngazviwedzerwe kusvika 130%, asi chii kuchaenderana pamusoro boka saizi mugove vakawana pashure kuongorora zvokurapa.

Kutaura sei kuverenga mudyandigere rezvemukati, zvinokosha kuziva kuti chaizvoizvo kuumbwa saizvozvo souya mauto. Ndirwowo hwaro kukarukureta uchava Kureba basa. Kuwedzera pamwero vachibhadhara zvinokonzerwa zvinhu zvakadai muhoro chaiwo dzakakora uye chinzvimbo.

Sei zvinhu IP nyaya

Kuti vakwanise kuva mudyandigere, nomumwe Entrepreneurs vanofanira kuva zvakaitika makore 15. Zvinokosha kujekesa kuti sezvo nguva pakutsvaga nguva apo mipiro vakaitwa kuti mudyandigere Fund, iyo haina kana basa kana kunze panguva vanoshingaira mabhizimisi mabasa kana kwete.

In IP ichi achanzi pakureba zvakafanana nguva, sezvakaitwa nevamwe vagari (Mutemo, paaishumira ari hondo vakaremara hanya, etc ..).

Panyaya mudyandigere pfungwa, ivo kuti mudyandigere vachada zvinenge 30.

zvabuda

Saka apo kubata sei kuverenga imwe mudyandigere mudyandigere, unogona kuswedera zvinotevera mhedziso: nehurumende nechinangwa paumbwe chinangwa kukura vachibhadhara kuti akasiyana Mapato vemunyika. Ndokusaka muna nzira kuti pakuverenga aripo sezvo chiyamuro. Maererano kukarukureta yavo, ipapo uchitsanya nzira kuita basa iri - uchishandisa mudyandigere karukureta panzvimbo PF.