Hondo, Turkey: list, description, nhoroondo uye migumisiro. Hondo yevagari kuTurkey nhoroondo, zvinonakidza zvinhu nemigumisiro

War, Turkey - mumwe kupfuura akakodzera uye zvinofadza nyaya kwete chete munhau sainzi, asiwo ano sayenzi enyika. Kwemazana emakore akawanda nyika ino, iyo yaiva musimboti hweOttoman Empire akarwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira muEurope. Kudzidza dambudziko iri kunoita kuti tinzwisise zvakawanda zviri kuitika muupenyu ari mamiriro.

Kurwa nokuti muganhu wokumaodzanyemba

Mubayiro pavanotaurirana wenyika yedu kuti umambo yaiva hondo yokutanga pamwe Turkey, kwakaitika muna 1568-1570-ies. The Sultan akaedza kubvuta Astrakhan, raiva Moscow State. Panguva iyoyowo pakuvaka Canal vakatanga pakati Volga uye Don. Zvisinei, kuedza uku Turkish divi kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro pamuromo rwizi yokutanga raguma kukundikana: akatumwa kubva guru Russian yokuzviparadzanisa vakamanikidza muvengi kurera kukombwa, uye zvikepe ake akarasika ari dutu.

hondo yechipiri Turkey kwakaitika muna 1672-1681, ukuwo. Ipapo mubati hwacho akaedza kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro iri Right-Bank Ukraine. Hetman akanzi muranda pamusoro Sultan, kwapera nguva vaviri akaenda kundorwa Poland. Ipapo Moscow akazivisa hondo mambo, kuitira kudzivirira nzvimbo yaro kuruboshwe-kumahombekombe Ukraine. Huru kutamburira yakazokudziridzwa nokuda hetman guru Chigirin kuti rave vakapfuura paruoko kuisa. Pakupedzisira, mauto eRussia dzakamanikidzwa kubva ipapo, asi Moscow yakaramba rapfuura nzvimbo yayo, apo Sultan akasimbiswa muna Hetman kuti chikamu.

Kurwira kuenda kugungwa

Hondo pakati Turkey uye nyika dzokuEurope vakanga vari 1686-1700 gore. Panguva ino, kuti kondinendi rakaumbwa Holy League kuti joini hondo. nyika yedu zvasungwa kwomubatanidzwa uyu, uye muna 1686 uye 1689 mauto eRussia pasi murayiro Golitsyn akaita rwendo kuCrimea, izvo, zvisinei, havana kubudirira. Zvisinei, makore matanhatu gare gare, Petro ndakatora Azov, iyo yakatora kundima nyika yedu.

Hondo pakati Turkey uye Russia vakanga ainyanya chokuita chido wekupedzisira kuti kodzero kuchengeta rengarava wayo muganhu wezasi. Izvi kwaikosha zvikuru kune paakaenda hurumende, izvo 1735 akatumira mauto eRussia pasi murayiro B. Minich muna Crimea. Pakutanga, uto pakuvhiya kwacho, zvakanga vakakwanisa akakunda zvinoverengeka nhare, asi nokuda yatanga denda, iye akamanikidzwa shure. Anotambudzika zvakaitika, uye pazuva mberi, izvo akaita nyika yedu yakabatana Austria, izvo vakatadza ndokudzinga vokuTurkey kubva munzvimbo dzavo. Somugumisiro, Russia haana kusvika chinangwa, asi wakasara Azov.

Catherine nguva

Turkish Hondo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18 akanga asina kubudirira saka munyika ino. Yakanga iri kosi makambani maviri kubudirira Russia kuwana kweGungwa Dema, uye nesimba rayo kumahombekombe, ane kodzero kuchengeta rengarava yake pano. Yakanga rakabudirira, iro akasimbisa nzvimbo duku hwacho kumaodzanyemba nharaunda. The kunetsana yakatanga nokuda kutaura pamusoro Sultan kuti mauto eRussia vakayambuka miganhu ake ehurumende. Pakutanga, mauto eRussia havana kunaka kwazvo uye vakanga yakarideredza. Zvisinei, muna 1770 vakakwanisa kusvika Danube, uye kuRussia rengarava akava nhamba okukunda pamusoro pegungwa. The guru vakunda yezwi iri Crimea pasi protectorate weRussia. Uyezve, vakawanda mundima pakati penzizi vakaenda nyika yedu.

Makore gumi nematatu Papera imwe hondo yakatanga pakati rinoti, migumisiro iyo akasimbisa kukunda uye zvitsva zvavakawana miganhu munyika. Maererano Chibvumirano Jassy, Peninsula pakupedzisira ndinoshanda Empire, sezvo akaenda anoverengeka Danubian zvemisoro. hondo mbiri izvi zvakasimbisa mamiriro nyika yedu ive nepagungwa simba. Kubvira ipapo iye akunda kodzero kuchengeta rengarava kwayo pamusoro pegungwa, yekudyidzana yava kuwedzerwa ndima yayo kusvikira kumaodzanyemba.

Conflicts muzana remakore rechi19

Gumi Russian uye Turkish hondo dzakanga chokuita kushorwa ive kumaodzanyemba nharaunda uye negungwa, iro vakanga inokosha kukosha nokuti zvose marudzi. Pakutanga kwezana remakore chikonzero nebope mutsva aiva Kupindira ari Turkish divi munyaya dzomunyika yacho Danubian ukuru, vane vabati kubviswa simba pasina chibvumirano mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. danho iri rakatorwa kuchikuchidzirwa nehurumende yeFrance, iyo inofungidzirwa kunonoka masimba mauto wokuRussia kubva European yemitambo remapazi. Somugumisiro kwenguva kurwisana, izvo kwemakore matanhatu, asi Turkish divi akaramba Bessarabia uye Danubian zvemisoro yawana kuzvionera.

Mumakore 1828-1829 pakava hondo itsva pakati States. Panguva ino, rakananga mhaka kurwa sehofisi Greek rusununguko. Russia vakabatanawo French uye British gungano. Power Authority vakazivisa Greece uye kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo kweGungwa Dema kwabva kuti nyika yedu.

Hondo pakati remakore

hondo Turkey reRussia acharamba yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19. The zvakakura yokurwisana kwakaitika muna 1853-1856, ukuwo. Nicholas Ndakatsvaka kusunungurwa Balkan inoti kubva pakudzorwa hweOttoman uye, naizvozvo, pasinei kukwanisa uvhure Anti-Russian mubatanidzwa wenyika masimba vaitungamirira European, akatuma mauto munzvimbo Danubian ukuru, kupindura Sultan akataura hondo iri nyika yedu.

Pakutanga, mudzimai rengarava wakunda, asi kwegore akapindira muhondo, Britain uye France, pashure iyo mauto Russian akatanga kutambura vakakurirwa. Pasinei umhare yakakombwa Sevastopol, vokuTurkey akawana rokumusoro ruoko. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha hondo iyi yakanga kuti uto chiito akaenda pamusoro Sea Black pamhenderekedzo, uye Pacific Ocean uye Gungwa White. Somugumisiro pokukundwa Russia akarasikirwa kodzero kuchengeta zvikepe muGungwa Dema pamhenderekedzo, uye akarasikirwa vamwe Holdings ayo.

Recent mishandirapamwe

Hondo pakati Russia uye Turkey zvakakanganisa zvido kwete kunyika idzi asiwo dzimwe anoti. kunetsana Next yakaitika paitonga Alexander II. nguva ino hondo Russian vakakunda dzakatevedzana kukunda hombe, somugumisiro iyo nyika yedu yave zvakare kuwana kodzero chengeta zvikepe muGungwa Dema, pomuromo waro nyika yedu yakatamira dzimwe ndima inogarwa vokuArmenia uye Georgians. Wokupedzisira yokurwisana kwakaitika munguva World War First. Pasinei chokwadi kuti uto Russian akava nhamba okukunda uye akatamira kure negungwa, zvisinei, nzvimbo idzi vasina wanamatira Soviet Russia. The chikuru Mugumisiro hondo iyi inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa pokuwa vose umambo.

Independence Movement

Turkish War Kuzvimiririra akaramba muna 1919-1923, ukuwo. Rakanga inotungamirirwa Mustafa Kemal, uyo akabatana mauto emarudzi pamusoro vanopinda nechisimba, uyo akabata chikamu chikuru munyika. Icho mamiriro sezvo mutsigiri Germany yaiva mumusasa vakundwa, uye akamanikidzwa kubvuma mashoko ari nguva yekumbotaurirana, maererano izvo Entente vakatora munda wayo. Zviitiko dzakatanga basa echiGiriki ehondo guta Izmir. Pashure French mauto uyewo yakawira pamusoro Peninsula. Izvi zvakonzera kuwedzera National wokusunungurwa sangano, inotungamirwa Kemal Ataturk.

Zvakaitika Eastern uye fronts Western

Turkish War, nhoroondo iyo hunonyatsobatana kuRussia, akaramba kupinda remakore rechi20. New hurumende kutarisirwa panzvimbo yokutanga kuti vazvidzivirire kubva Armenian divi. The vokuTurkey vakakwanisa kukunda uye kusaina chibvumirano nesimba Soviet ushamwari. Chaiva chiitiko chinokosha zvikuru zvose nyika, sezvo vakanga enyika voga dzakawanda munhandare. Pashure paizvozvo, Kemal yakaomerera mauto avo ose kusunungurwa Constantinople, iyo yakanga ine mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. Rekupedzisira akaedza kuumba hurumende itsva, asi havana kubudirira, sezvo chikuru vokuTurkey vakatamira kurutivi National wokusunungurwa pamberi Ataturk.

Hondo France

Mumakore 1916-1921 of Turkish mauto paakarwisana uto French, vakagara muKirikia. Kurwa akaenda mberi kusiyanisa kubudirira, uye chete pashure vaGiriki dzakamiswa, Kemal vakatamira chiito. Zvisinei, kubudirira yakakurumbira wakaiswa kuburikidza nedzenyu Nhaurirano, umo mativi maviri vakakundikana kusvika chibvumirano. Izvi yakaitwa kuti chokwadi chokuti French mari, uye vose nyika vaifarira normalizing ukama zvave paakapiwa mune Turkish zvoupfumi zvinobvira kuvonga. The chikuru Zvaizobuda kurwira rusununguko waiva abolition of Sultan uye kuchinja hurumende ive yakazvimirira yokunyika zvokuvhoterwa.

The ezvinhu aripo

Socio-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika nhasi yave nerongo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvenzara matambudziko - ndiwo mubvunzo pamusoro Kurdish vakawanda, iri kare emakore anoverengeka vachirwira yavo nehurumende. Kubva pane zvichangobva kuitika, vakawanda vanoongorora zvematongerwo enyika vanoti pane chaiyo hondo yevagari kuTurkey. It kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuti mune imwe nyika ari rokunyika mamiriro, nzvimbo Islam raMwari richiri simba zvakakwana, uye inoverengeka kuzvipokanidza pakati mwero mukuru uye ari kufara mumwe chikamu kwevanhu.

Aunganidze pamwe, tinogona kutaura kuti zvinofadza zvikuru chinhu ari pamusoro zviitiko ndechokuti pashure pakutanga remakore rechi20 pakati nyika yedu uye Turkish Hurumende kwakanga kurwisana nezvombo. Nhasi hanya dzomunyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, iyo inopa chikonzero kutaura zvimwe nyanzvi kuti pane hondo yevagari Turkey.