Hondo Gross-Egersdorf. Nhoroondo kukunda kukuru wehondo Russian

Munhau yedu muchiuto vane zvakakwana "mavara chena". Vamwe Hondo vanoziva zvichida kuti nyanzvi dzekare. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti vakawanda vavo vakaita basa rinokosha kwete chete kukura nyika yedu, asiwo munhoroondo dzimwe nyika. Ndizvo hondo Gross-Egersdorf. Rwave diki simba pamusoro Zvaizobuda War Years Seven ', asi yeuka chiitiko ichi hachisi kazhinji.

Brief Historical Background

Gross Egersdorf (Gross-Jägersdorf) - iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yehondo, kwakaitika 19 (30) mu August 1757. Rakanga wakapindwa Russia uye Prussia. Rimwe divi paiva 28,000 varwi Prussian, akarayira Field Marshal kuti Lewald. Kune vamwe - 55 000 varwi Russian, murayiro chinozoiswa vamwe munda-yokukunda, SF Apraksin.

Anozivikanwa kuhondo kuti raiva kubhabhatidzwa mauto eRussia muHondo Yemakore Seven '. Zviri Zvinoshamisa kuti pano kuramba nyaya Guru Victory weHondo Russian. Hapana asi mamwe masoja akafa uye nekutambira zvinonyadzisa shure, masoja edu haana perepalo. Saka, apo tinoita kutanga kubva muzana remakore rechi18 munhoroondo Russia?

prehistory

Mumakore iwayo, Europe akatoita vakakwanisa kukanganwa pamusoro kurwa unhu eRussia. Chokwadi, paivawo pamberi War of Polish uye yeAustria "Nhaka", asi nemukutambudzika vakatapwa eRussia achitsigira vatsigiri vari "hazvishandi." Saka, Potr Lassi muna 1735 Vanotarisira kusvika chaizvo pamhenderekedzo Rhine, uye Prince Repnin kukupfura (Makore 13 pashure) zvose akagamuchira mashoko kuguma ruvengo panguva kufora nomunharaunda weBohemia uye Moravia. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hondo huru mumakore iwayo akaita chinhu zvikasashanda (Sezvineiwo, nokuti masoja).

Opinion Friedrich mapurisa

Vamwe mashoko pamusoro mauto Russian kubva Frederick II akanga mapurisa ake. Munguva yake mubasa wokuRussia Empire kwaisanganisira Kate treshka Fink, Manstein uye Grant. Vakataura kuzvideredza guru murayiro mudonzvo hondo Russian. Asi Frederick akanga asiri benzi; uye hondo pamusoro fronts maviri ake urongwa zvisiri. Chero angave akaona zvinogona weuto muvengi, shlestyvayutsya pamwe Russia haana kuda.

Saka kunyange Lewald, uyo akatungamirira hondo Gross-Egersdorf pamwe Prussian divi, masimba Imperial vakanga vasina chete kurwa, asi vo rugare hurukuro. Uyezve, Friedrich mukanyatsochengeta achamuranga kana wokukunda Russian anyengetedze avo kuti nyika. Heano chete remakore 18-fung munhoroondo Russia, zvinosuwisa, zvakanga akapfuma muhondo.

Opinion yeRussian divi

The Mamiriro pamisasa Russian (kusanganisira mapurisa) akatonga dzakaora: zviri invincibility pamusoro Frederick chete ngano vasiri yakanyorwa. Hondo dzake huru kare akakwanisa kuputsa mweya yevaya vari naye kunyange vakatanga kurwa!

Zvakasiyana saka kubva zvachose "zvionera" Lehwaldt, Apraksin aivapowo chidzoyi, kumanikidzwa kuti vaudze Petersburg chete anenge ose chiduku. Muna 1757, haana asi kuziva aizofanira kutungamirira mauto. "Strategy" kunze kweguta kurutivi Neva, mirairo, "Enda ichi nzira, saka kuti kana yokushayiwa vaine wakaenzana kutsausa kunyange Prussia, kunyange muSilesia." Great, chii Ungati ...

State Mauto anorwisana mapato

In May 1757 Apraksin hondo kunotanga uto ravo rutsigiro. Mauto rinoumbwa varwi anosvika zviuru 100, uye 20,000 ndezvaJehovha motley varwi. Army kubva Livonia, vakananga akananga Niemen. Nepo kukupfura (vanhu zviuru 20), General-mu-Chief Fermor precipitates Memel, pamwe vatsigire Russian rengarava. Pakupedzisira, musi waJune 25, akwegura Style Memel chakabatwa, pashure iyo pamushandirapamwe kwaitanga inotanga. Fieldmarshal Apraxin, achitora huru mauto, zvinofamba nenzira Verzhbolovo uye Gumbinnen.

Panguva iyoyowo, nehondo Lewald zvakanaka kupedza nguva vakazorora nomusi zvakanaka vakagadzwa chinzvimbo luckkuva. For Russian chiito kunotevera chiduku patrol kukupfura. Asi kana Prussian munda yokukunda anowana kuti bhururu wake Russian, vakabatanidzwa pamwe Fermor, 23 (12) musi August anoenda akananga kuguta Allenburg (noMusha Ushamwari muna Kaliningrad nharaunda), Lewald anokudimburira "zororo" uye Anonangana muvengi, achida kuenda kurwiswa . Haana kuvhiringidzwa okupedzisira kukunda kweuto Russian ...

Chii vaiva nemamiriro ezvinhu ari mamiriro enzvimbo?

Pakapera August (maitiro itsva) Apraxin anoita kuyambuka rwizi Pregel kuyerera kumadokero Norkitena. Pashure paizvozvo, mutungamiri wehondo yasarudza pazororo, musasa pakati mvura kuyerera uye Pregel auxin (a mutero kuna Preti). Nzvimbo akasarudzwa haana netsaona: North pamberi zvichibvira kumuvengi Pregel akayerera kubva kumabvazuva mirayiridzo nzvimbo mauto eRussia akanga akafukidzwa auxin, kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwakanga musango, kuburikidza icho pachivande kupedza hondo dzaiva matambudziko. Kupinda mumusasa aigona matatu chete diki mudungwe munzira zviri zvakakwana kudzivirirwa.

The inifanduri akaumba munhu phalanx unoratidzwa, uye ayo rworuboshwe parutivi chete akazorora pamusoro auxin. Zvayaiva pedyo Schlossberg Castle. Mapapiro akaputirwa bhiza, riri pamberi mumisha Veynoten. Kuipa mugove aiva kuruboshwe, izvo kana kurwiswa ndiyo chete chipinganidzo munzira huru kurwisa muvengi.

Saka Apraksina mauto vakamira pezvizuva, uye chikwata shure nguva zvose izvi hazvina hanya kuti chero ungwaru kuvhiyiwa, ari murima sei yomuvengi nekutumirwa kwemauto uye ayo simba. Hazvina kunyanya upenzi chiedza chii chiri kurasa mutungamiriri aiva 16 zviuru Russian chiedza vamabhiza, ndiko rakanakira kudziongorora. Mukuwedzera, musasa vakaputsa defectors dzakawanda pakarepo akanyevera pamusoro chinangwa Lehwaldt kurwisa, kutanga hondo Gross-Egersdorf. Musi inonziwo yakananga kwazvo: mangwanani yaAugust 30th.

About kudiwa njere

Lewald, Sezvineiwo, atova August 29 kunobereka renguva pamwero ushori nokutumira kuti chinangwa ichi kamwe nemauto maviri: zviduku. Sezvo chikamu chechipiri, paiva squadrons vakawanda 40, mutungamiriri iyo akagadzwa General Shorlemer. Zvisinei, Lehwaldt rombo rakaipa. Somuenzaniso, Shorlemer akanga asingakwanisi kuona kuruboshwe parutivi kweuto Russian pasi Zitenfelde. Just panguva iyi Zitenfelde akatuma yokuzviparadzanisa duku vaitungamirirwa refutenendi-General Lieven. Pane ari weboka yechipiri, iyo akanzi murayiro General-mu-Chief Lopuchin.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, August 30, paiva mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuti yemitambo musoro: mauto maviri makuru vanotanga kurwa, kunyange zvazvo asingazivi chinhu vokuparidzira muvengi, kana maoko ake.

Masimba Russian nemauto Prussian

Saka, muna hondo Gross-Egersdorf kubudikidza Prussians kuuya: 22 inifanduri battalions uye 50 vamabhiza squadrons. The uwandu - vanenge 25 kana 28 zviuru vanhu. Atirari rutsigiro inopiwa kune 35 munda pfuti, "akaratidza matauriro" mbiri chete dhazeni inorema pfuti.

Apraksin 89 battalions akaraira zvakavhenganiswa inifanduri, zvina dhazeni muromo grenadiers uye 46 squadrons ose emauto anyatsosarudza. "Kutsigirwa Tsika" inopiwa mugari chiedza vamabhiza. All pasi Russian munda yokukunda, paiva varwi vanenge zviuru 50-55. Gunners vaiva 154 chete regimental uye 79 munda pfuti. Zvakashamisa rinorema Shuvalovskie Prussian matatu howitzers zvakagadzirwa.

Vazhinji dzekare Western vakaona pamwe kushora kuti ukuru Russian dzakadaro varume atirari kuti "akunde aiva hazvishamisi", chete vanokanganwa zvachose nezvedzimwe mashoko: (!) Kusvika 40-50% kweuto Russian havana kutora chikamu pakurwa, kuva yakabatana kujeka mirairo uye mamiriro enzvimbo ezvinhu. Kana kwete ushingi ravarwi navatariri, hondo Gross-Egersdorf aigona kuva paakaita muenzaniso stupidest kukundwa.

Sei pakurwa?

Manheru, August 29 Apraksin anopa mauto ari kuti vatange kutaura mangwanani ngwanani. Sezvo vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti, haana kuvimba nezvokuonekwa navashanduki uye takasarudza nezvibhakera nzira yake kubva vangangodaro misungo. Vamwe vari pfungwa kuti munda yokukunda aida kurwa munzvimbo asununguke (haana kufanana great Egersdorf), izvo zviri nani akakodzera kuti vatasvi vemabhiza chiito. Mangwanani paiva chiitiko: Russian mberi dzakabatana vari semunhu muchishamiswa, pakarepo chiso nechiso pamwe yepamusoro chikamu Prussians.

Okupedzisira akauya kumativi nokukurumidza, uye pamusoro yakamanikana dondo mudungwe munzira akatanga nyonganyonga: anopenga bhiza tsika vanhu, uye shure pasherefu kuita chinhu kubatsira mamwe masoja vavo kufa nokuda tightness. Hondo Gross-Egersdorf.

Kuvaka Prussians

Nomination Russian zvakandishamisa guru uye akarwisa Prussians: Lewald zano Kutama kurwisa musasa, uye kwete kurwa akatambanudza kufamba pembiru. Asati usiku huno Prussians vakasiya nzvimbo yavo uye nenguva 3.30 mangwanani vakatanga ivakwe, kuva sokunoratidza pfungwa pachake Gross Egersdorf. Zano kuvakwa rakanga sezvinotevera: mbiri huru kutora inifanduri rechiuto, vaviri kavha pachiuno ari rechiuto uye vamwe vamabhiza dzakabatana.

Pamberi mumwe parutivi vaiva atirari mabhatiri matatu, rimwe nerimwe akanga pfuti nhanhatu. Panguva iyi, vanhu Prussians havana kuona mauto Russian, asi zvakanaka kunzwa mirayiro uye drumbeat raibva mumusasa wake. Hurongwa anopiwa kuti kuita panguva chaiyo 4.00 am. Hafu yeawa Papera hondo Prussian riri kufora, pamwe ngoma kurwa intruding pamusoro Russian munharaunda. Panguva iyoyowo, kuri kuwedzera uye vamabhiza vaviri pachiuno. First Hondo Gross-Egersdorf mune nyasha Prussians.

The kutanga kubudirira Prussians

Nokuda "Ndakashamiswa factor" Prussians vokutanga rombo. 30 squadrons pakati emauto rinopwanya Russian aifamba nemabhiza uye uende zvakananga rwemberi inifanduri, yaiva Veynotena. Muchinda Holstein, uyo misoro squadrons akawanda panguva ino vachirwisa chiedza vamabhiza, uyo anomanikidzwa kuenda pasi kudzivirira atirari mabhatiri. Zvisinei, panguva unorema kubva inifanduri akanga aunganidza, uye, kuita pamwe chete nguva dzose vamabhiza, akakwanisa kuteura Prussians.

Huru akarova dzakawira mapoka maviri Lopuchin. Zviri pano kuti hondo dzakawanda dzinotyisa yakatanga. Brigade Saltykov uye Villebois, izvo inowira zvizere simba wehondo Prussian, nemhosva inorema kurasikirwa. Villebois chakarasikirwa masoja ayo anenge hafu, asi kwete ushingi, anodzingwa mudondo, anoramba "snap", kwaiitwa inorema zvibhakera Prussia. Vaikudzwa uye Gunners: vakatuma maoko avo unyanzvi, Shuvalovsky howitzers kuita Frederick huru maburi mauto. Kazhinji, vazhinji kukunda kukuru kweuto Russian zvaibvira chaiyo nokuda kwounyanzvi kushandiswa atirari.

The tipping pfungwa

Kumucheto hondo yomudondo kurwara-fated uye anotanga kufamba nenzira inotyisa melee. Rinobva yechitatu kupesana kuchengeterwa uye pakarepo anorova vamabhiza Shorlemera, achibva anomanikidzwa mumusiye, akatakura zvikuru kurasikirwa. Holstein Prince anoedza kurwisa zvakare, asi kurwisa yake yechipiri yakanga vakabudirira unonyangadzwa. Panguva iyi, yokuRussia kupesana wechipiri, rwakatambanudzwa uye ropa, riri ngozi pedyo encirclement uye kukundwa. Chinzvimbo anoponesa Major General PA Rumyantsev, akarova mana yakachena regiments ose Prussia.

furidza Izvi zvakanga kusarudza zvokuita. In nevasina panhengo Prussian echelons kukura kuvhiringidzika kuti nokukurumidza ichichinja kunyonganiswa chaiyo uye nokuvhiringidzika. The echelon wechipiri sezvineiwo Rinotarisira kufukidza atirari uye pfuti moto kubva varwi zvavo sezvo wokutanga mutsetse, uye anotanga munhu mumhirizhonga Prussians. Excellent zvakava Shorlemera vamabhiza, varume ndakadzidzawo pasi Russian moto inorema, akakwanisa kudzikamisa uye yakarongeka dzokera shure. Zvimwe zvikamu uto Prussian vakamhanyira saka zvinobudirira kuti muunganidzwa wavo akatora zuva kupfuura rimwe.

Saka, chii Migumisiro yehondo kwakaitika mugore 1757? The hondo ichangobva akatanga kuunganidza goho ravo ropa zvinoti: Prussian divi kurasikirwa vanofungidzirwa pa 4,5 zviuru vanhu, mauto edu vakafirwa 5500. Vakaurayiwa kubva kurutivi rwedu vanenge hafu chiuru chimwe uye.

Zvinoguma nei?

Apraksin, kunokunda Lehwaldt muhondo rakavhurika, haazvibati sokuti akahwina nokuda Prussians. Prussian munda yokukunda hakungorevi anotungamirira hondo kuna luckkuva. Apraksin chete, kusvika anenge panzvimbo vakarwa kuti weDanho hondo Prussian wechipiri, anoita chinhu. kubudikidza September 5 chete, anotora kuedza usimbe kurwisa kuruboshwe parutivi Lehwaldt. Vakachenjera dzakachengeteka, vachisarudza havo kuchengeta nemasoja.

Mauto Russian muchasangana naye 1760, paakanga ari commandant kweBerlin, zvichaita kuronga kwokudzivirira guru Prussia pamusoro pezviito yeRussian General Totleben.

Mukupera August, Apraksin pakupedzisira akabviswa pachigaro chake, uye vaita kunokurumidza uye kukurumidza kuyambuka Pregel, unotanga nokukurumidza pechikara kuna Niemen. Aine kunonoka kwevhiki, kuti Prussians vanotanga kuramba utevere mauto edu, kutevera navo kumuganhu waro. Chibhokisi kunotanga muuto Russian. Kalmyk vemabhiza akatambura ayo dambudziko Nokurasikirwa yakadai dzakamanikidzwa kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo.

Apraksin akabviswa pachigaro uye kugara mudare, asi vasati akafa sitiroko. Zvikonzero vanetseka wake shure zvisingazivikanwi nanhasi. Zvinogoneka kuti akamanikidzwa nayo chero mirairo kubva guru. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti Field Marshal akanga asingakwanisi kutora akazvimirira sarudzo uye kunyatsonzwisisa ukuru basa ravo yokutizira akadaro, saka zvakanga asiri sarudzo yake.