Homo floresiensis (Homo floresiensis): Description

Muna 2003, nyika yakanga yapararira nhau dzinonakidza zvakawanikwa nevanochera pamusoro Indonesian pachitsuwa Flores. Mune rimwe zvepanyama mumapako, akadana Liang Bua, ane mapfupa vaakawana kwete kare nesayenzi zvipfupi marudzi ekare vanhu, ine chaizvo yakaderera kukura kuti hapana kupfuura rimwe meter, uye ruzha zvinoshamisa chiduku uropi. Izvi mhando itsva inonzi Homo floresiensis, kana zvimwewo - floresiensis vanhu.

The anowana of rwendo rokutanga

Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoshamisa akanga pashure refu uye rakaoma basa. Joint Indonesian-Australian rwendo inotungamirwa Mike Morwood uye Panzhita Sudjono kutanga kuita Zvakafukunurwa pachitsuwa Chanakira kare 2001. Liang Bua mubako, havana kusarudzwa netsaona, sezvo Sudjono uye kare mubheka nomumwe boka remasayendisiti, uye okumusoro chikamu nemagariro akaturikidzana raivapo panguva vakazarura.

Nechekare rokutanga gore yakawandisa Chanakira, vakauya chaizvo dzinonakidza matongo. Kungomhanyira vakawanda akaturikidzana hwekare emadhaka, vanochera matongo vakawana vakawanda mapfupa siyana dzemhuka yekare, yakatotsakatika zvemakore apfuura. Pakati zvimedu aya marangwanda akawanikwa Stegodon - hama yokure nzou ano vakanga anyangarika kubva panyika kunyange gumi nezviviri apfuura, uyewo yakakurumbira Komodo makava - remasangano aripo madzvinyu, richisvika kureba mamita matatu.

Zvakasara yekare bako anogara

Uyezve, akanga vakaonawo zviratidzo zvakajeka kugara idzi vekare vanhu. Izvi rwakazoburitswa zvisaririra amabwe maturusi zvake ari Paleolithic yaitonga chaiko shure zviviri uye makore mamiriyoni nehafu. Mugore iroro munyika mumaoko masayendisiti uye aiva chimedu wekare vomumapako Liang-Bois wokutanga. zvakajeka ichi chaiva nharaunda, yaiva chikamu honokono, asi vashoma chaizvo uye oddly curved.

Kunyange zvakawanda zvakawanwa, uye pamwechete navo, uye vakauya zvakavanzika nevatsvakurudzi muna 2003. More haasaruri marangwanda chakawanikwa January vaiva munhukadzi mbeva kuti mukuru, asi anosiyana kukura huduku. Maererano nenyanzvi, zera rake rakanga anenge gumi zviuru zvemakore. Kuwedzera kune dzimwe mapfupa nhaka remasayendisiti rava kwazvo-akachengetedzwa dehenya yekare bako anogara. Kunyange Pakutanga, zvose akarova diki Vhoriyamu dehenya, uye nokudaro riri mairi kamwe muuropi.

Kushanda akawana zvinhu

Vamwe nematambudziko kushanda pamwe mapfupa kwakakonzerwa ndechokuti, nokuti ivhu mwando havana zvisaririra zvemhuka, asi zvakanga inotsikwa raichinja-chinja unaku. Taifanira kungwarira chaizvo. Kuti aponese navo panzvimbo yakanga yakagadzirwa uye akavaka chaiyo mishonga, iyo yaisanganisira anokurumidza nokuomesa guruu uye chipikiri wePolish. Hazvina kuoma zvokufungidzira kuti yakadaro Michina aigona kukwira mukadzi. Zvechokwadi, vakatanga nzira iyi yaiva Thomas Sutikina - mumiririri Indonesian matongo chikwata.

A pfungwa kutsanangura yakachengeteka zvakawanikwa

Mubako Kupira kuvigwa Liang-Bois kwezviuru zvemakore zvaitika, sezvinoratidzwa vakawanda mapfupa evanhu, akasvibiswa ocher uye pokuva yaiteverwa zvishongo kubva gungwa anoshongwa vachawanikwamo. Zvisinei, zvishoma murume zvakajeka isiri yavo nhamba. Zvinoshamisa sei tsime rakanga rakachengetedzwa marangwanda. Kwete kunyange nekunyatsotsanangura zvimwe mapfupa akavhuniwa.

Maererano masayendisiti, saka kuchengeteka anogona kutsanangurwa kuti ichi kakasaririra hominids (rinoshandiswa kureva mhuri netsoko huru, iyo inosanganisira vanhu) pashure porufu akazviratidza kunakidzwa dziva duku, kana kungoti mumadhaka. Izvi akamuponesa dzomusango nokudya zvokupara.

Kana kubvuma ichi ichokwadi, Homo floresiensis haasi chete kuwanikwa kuti hwaponeswa somugumisiro "kuchengetedza" akadaro. The zvinoitirwa yakaparidzwa zvisaririra kuwanikwa Ethiopia raMwari kure Australopithecus kudanana makore mamiriyoni matatu shure, uye yakawanikwa Kenya mapfupa mukomana aigara nehafu makore mamiriyoni kwapera.

Mamwe mashoko pamusoro kuwanikwa

Gore rakatevera, muna 2004 mubako akapa masayendisiti zvakawanwa vatsva mapfupa shoma vanhu kuti zvakabatsira zvakakwana recreate Kutarira dzavo uye zvakanyatsorurama kuisa kudanana. Kana pakutanga zvaifungwa kuti ichi kakasaririra hominids vaigara munyika kubva 12 kusvika 95 zviuru. Makore akapfuura, kudzidza mapfupa uchishandisa radioisotope kuongorora uwane akabatsira rakatetepa musi siyana uye padzinogumira nguva kubva 60 kusvika 100 zviuru. Years.

Characteristically, yakanga vakaonawo chinyakare chaizvo zvokushandisa dzakagadzirwa ibwe. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Homo floresiensis akanga atova kukwanisa kubata nayo iripo dzinongoitika zvinhu zvokushandisa kunovhima uye kuvakwa.

Nokukakavara pamusoro zita mhando yakawanikwa

Pakangotanga masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti vakaona idzva rudzi, vamiririri vayo pakarepo remadunhurirwa hobbits. Saka akadana upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova mabhii mabasa yakakurumbira Chirungu munyori John Rueri Tolkien kuti "The Ishe Rings." Maererano uyu muduku ndakanga kunzi Homo hobbitus.

Zvisinei, vakawanda masayendisiti, uyo pakati aiva akakurumbira Australian Mazvikokota Piter Braun, vane chero mubvunzo kuti genus pamusoro Homo kana unogona anokukonzera, ndiko kuti, kune vanhu. Chikonzero ndisingakahadziki vakanga mamirire zvinhu vapiwe ichi Zvisaririra marudzi. Zvikurukuru, zvose kuvhiringidzika kwazvo pasi kukura uye zvisati kusvikira uropi vhoriyamu - anenge katatu duku pane avhareji munhu. Pachake, Brown akataura kuti kuwana zita Sundantropus. Zvisinei, somugumisiro muchikurukura dzakareba, isu kugara chambotaurwa nezvacho Homo floresiensis - Homo floresiensis.

Manzwiro kuti muchadenga nyika

Kokutanga ruzivo pamusoro zvinoshamisa zvakawanikwa mubako Liang Bua, izvozvo akazviratidza 2004 mumagazini inonzi Nature. Tisati kuti, zviri panenge gore zvakavanzwa, kubvira kwayo chitarisiko munhau chaitadzisa bhuku iri bhuku evasingatombonamati dzesayenzi. Zvisinei, pakarepo pashure pakuonekwa kofi kamuri Homo floresiensis (Hobbit) yazova imwe huru yemisoro zviuru zvinomwe nemapepanhau uye magazini, uye vanenge zviuru zana Websites. About kwaari akakurumbira sayenzi firimu basa patsime-anozivikanwa terevhizheni mugero National Geographic akanga kunyange filmed.

Kuedza kuisa zvinyorwa kururamisa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, vakakomba mapfupa kuwanikwa pachitsuwa Chanakira, mazuva okutanga kwakaita makakatanwa pakati pemasayendisiti. Vakanga vane simba vanoti pamberi pavo - mumwe Zvisaririra dwarf vanhu vorudzii vakanga vasina kare nesayenzi, kana iri mugumisiro Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga kuti inini mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe kwakajairika mangwanani vanhu, rinozivikanwa Homo sapiens.

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, Indonesia kuti aitungamirira nyanzvi mune paleoanthropology Teuku Jakobho akatora zvose akawana mapfupa tsvakurudzo muzinda muJakarta ndokuvaisa murabhoritari ake. Akakwanisa kuita kunokwana kubatana Pandzhitom Sujan, mumwe yevatungamiriri rwendo. Nyika nesayenzi akanga akamirira zvokutsvakurudza, asi mukati mitatu akakurumbira musayendisiti akanyarara.

Chigumbuso munyika nesayenzi

Pakupedzisira vaaishanda navo nokushivirira payakapera, uye vakatanga kuudza kuti Jakobho akapa kuwana dzasara vamwe vasayendisiti uye kumisa ichi tsika chindingindingi zvinoshanda vake vabatsiri chete. Somugumisiro, mapfupa akanga adzokera Jakarta, asi kwete zvakakwana uye zvishoma sousingabatsiri. Paakamedura guru chinyadzo, sezvo apo Homo floresiensis asi akazviratidza pamapeji pamberi mapepanhau, uye nyaya yakagamuchira rakafara mbirikira.

Zvakaguma kurambidzwa riri Indonesian zviremera kuramba Zvakafukunurwa mubako Liang-Bois. Pachiitiko ichi, mune dzakawanda vezvenhau vari mazano kuti kuramba kubvuma kunzvimbo yakawanikwa masayendisiti kakasaririra hominid nokuda kutya kwavo mukurumbira Jakobho, uyo akanga vaiona kuzvikudza sayenzi National.

Chokwadi aiva wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira mhosva kuti mapfupa nhengo itsva rudzi isingazivikanwi, uyewo kuenderera basa kwaigona umboo kuramba pfungwa dzake maonero, uye pakudaro kuzvidza chiremera Indonesian nesayenzi, kwakasarudzwa arege kuzviisa pangozi nayo. Kutangazve kudzidza zvaigoneka chete muna 2007.

kuenderera

Mushure-pamusoro apa zviitiko kwenguva mashoko mberi kupikidura haina rakapinda mune zvinobudisa nhau, uye chete muna 2015 zvikazikamwa kuti mutsva rwendo remarudzi kushanda pachitsuwa Flores. nguva ino, iye rinoongorora kare yakawanikwa bako unobva ndima pevhu pamwe Liang-Bois. Zvinofungirwa kuti zvinofanira kuva tanga deposits. Maererano masayendisiti, vekare vanhu bako ichi inogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yokuchengetera uye pazvinobvira kupukunyutsa migwagwa iri nyaya nezvinoitika ngozi.

Vamwe kwokunze misiyano Homo floresiensis

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvikuru zviratidzo floresiensis dzevanhu ayo duku Kukura shoma kukura uye cranium, uyewo ndezvokuti zvakasiyana chivako kubva mumwe rinopiwa Homo sapiens. Somuenzaniso, muna dehenya is chirebvu protrusion. Kazhinji, chimiro uye kukura apa, uyewo yaro nomumwe zvikamu kubvumira kutakura muridzi wayo hwakaderera siyana chinyakare murume, akadai Australopithecus.

Nguva pfupi pashure mabhuku chokuita kuwanikwa floresiensis kwevanhu, vakaedza kuti recreate ayo chitarisiko. Vakanga wakapindwa vazhinji vaikudzwa vemifananidzo uye vavezi vemabwe avo dzidzira pasango anthropology. Wokutanga rokuvakazve ndezvevanhu Peter Shutenu, kuumba mufananidzo kunobva Kunyatsodzidza marangwanda wacho.

Akanga akateverwa ake basa-dimensional matatu muvezi Elizabet Deyne akasuma. Iye ndorwevaya akatevedzana zvidimbu chakaratidzwa muna 2007 panguva Paris Museum woMunhu ane shanduka rokuvakazve chii chakazoitika mukuru hominid nesayenzi siyana vanhu ano.

Muna 2012, danho idzva rakatorwa muna mirayiridzo iyi. Dr. Syuzen Heyz kubva Australia, vachishandisa nzira kushandiswa forensic mushonga, kudzoreredza chiso Flo kuti - ndiro zita rakapiwa nehadzi, ane mapfupa dzakafukurwa mubako Liang-Bois. Kunoteverwa chikwata vatsvakurudzi New York akaita vatevedzere kuongorora kombiyuta yacho dehenya. The vakawanda yakapedzisa kuti iri dzinoverengeka chikonzero floresiensis vanhu pedyo Homo sapiens, uye naizvozvo, pfungwa ine Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, iyo yakava mhosva yake kujairika chitarisiko, anofanira sechinoitika untenable.