Gydan Peninsula: inotora, mamiriro okunze, ndima. Chengetedza paGydan Peninsula

Gydan peninsula ine mamiriro okunze anonyanya kuzivikanwa negasi uye mafuta anoiswa. Asi kwete chete. Panharaunda yaro kune nzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Mhuka dzipi dzinorarama panyika uye mugungwa, chii chiri kukura ipapo, chiverenga munyaya yacho.

Ndekupi Gydansky Peninsula iripo?

Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwenharaunda yeSiberia ye Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Iyo pensimba inoshambidzwa neGungwa reKara. Nharaunda yeGydan Peninsula inosvika makiromita mazana mana pakureba uye yakaenzana nehupamhi. Musoro waro unomirirwa nemusango wakazara, wakagadzirwa nemakungwa nemagungwa, kubva kurutivi rwezasi kuenda kuchikomo.

Inonzi Tamanskaya, kureba kwayo mazana maviri mamita. Gydan peninsula, ine mamiriro okunze akaoma, inharaunda yeTazovsky District ye Yamal neTaymyr District yeKrasnoyarsk Territory.

Mamiriro emamiriro eYamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Simba remhepo inopisa uye kupararira kwemhepo inoenderana nemirairo yezuva. Chii chichave chikamu chemazuva ezuva akatarirwa nenzvimbo yeimwe nzvimbo. Panzvimbo yeGydan peninsula, imwe mamita emakiromita nzvimbo inogamuchira kusvika kusvika kune makumi manomwe kilocalories yemirairo yezuva.

Nhamba yemazuva mugore negore rinotonhora ndiyo zana nemashanu nezana negumi. Munguva yechando, kupararira kwemhepo kunotarisana neAsia anticyclone. Kana iine simba, iyo yakachinjwa mhepo inobva kuAlantic Ocean inopinda munharaunda yeruwa. Panguva ino kune kupisa uye nenyuchi, zvakawanda zvechando zvinowira.

Zuva paGydan peninsula ndiyo nguva yakareba kwazvo yemamiriro ekunze kwegore. MuArctic iyo inopedza mwedzi misere. Mhedziso yakakwana yekushisa inodarika makumi matanhatu-imwe digrii. Chivharo chechando chinosvika makumi manomwe kusvika masere masentimita. Izvo zvinoenderana nenharaunda dzenharaunda. Nguva yechando yakasimba inopera kusvika mazana maviri nemazuva.

Mune zhizha paGydan peninsula, muvhareji wepamwedzi wekupisa kwemhepo yakaita madigiri gumi kupfuura zero. Nguva ino inoitika munaJuly, apo huwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura hunowira. Zvimwe ndeye tundra. Pano ivo vanowanzowira muna August.

Kutora muGydan peninsula kunouya pakushambidza kwezasi kwedigiri gumi Celsius. Svondo naOctober zvinoratidzwa nekuderera zvishoma nezvishoma pakushambidzika uye kunowisa mvura inonaya. Nzvimbo dzine makomo uye tundra dzakanyanyisa pakupera kweAugust.

Gydansky Reserve

Zuva raakagadzirwa ndiro rimwe chiuru mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu gore. Chinangwa chekusika gadziriro ndechekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvine chokuita nehutano hweanthropogenic huripo panguva yamafuta uye gasi kukura kwenharaunda. Mushure mezvose, geologists uye drillers vakakanganisa zvakanyanya mafuro emhashu uye nzvimbo dzokuvhima nebasa rezvipfeko zvinorema. Mamwe emakungwa aya ane chepfu nekushambiswa kwemvura uye kugadziriswa, nzvimbo yezvisikwa yezvisikwa nemhuka zvinodedera. Iyo yakachengetwa paGydan peninsula inokosha zvikuru mukuchengetedza nharaunda iyi, iyo inomhanya nemiganhu yeAsia nechekumaodzanyemba.

Ichi ndicho chidiki chiduku muTyumen. Yaro inharaunda yeTazovsky. Nzvimbo yacho inotora nzvimbo yeGydansky, Jawai, Deer, Mammoth uye zvitsuwa zviduku. Nharaunda yaro ndeye 878174 ma hekta. Nharaunda yenzvimbo yakachengetwa inzvimbo yakajeka, kusunungurwa kwayo kwakanyorova, kwakasungwa. Ikoko kune chisungo chinosungirirwa uye inowedzera simba pasi pevhu, uhu hwakawanda hwomukati hunenge mamita 4-5. Nzvimbo yacho yakazara zvachose ne permafrost kusvika mamita mazana matatu muhupamhi. Nyaya naAgasti dzinoonekwa semwedzi inotonhora yegore, uye January ndiyo inotonhora nemhepo yakakwana yekushisa kunodarika makumi matanhatu nematatu digiri.

Water resources

Kurutivi rwokumusoro kunzvimbo yakashambidzwa inoshambidzwa negungwa rinotonhora reRussian Arctic - Karsky. Nzvimbo huru pane mashefu epasi pano ndiyo nharaunda iyi. Nokudaro, mvura yakachena yenzizi dzinoyerera ichienda kune gungwa inopinda mukati memakiromita zviuru zviviri kubva pamuromo. Nhamba yehuta inochinja. Kukosha kukuru kweWest of Siberia uye Gungwa reKara ndiYenisei uye Ob. Mushure mezvose, ruzivo uye zvinyorwa zvegungwa zvakaumbwa nerwizi ruchiyerera. Kudyisa nzizi kunonyunguduka. Muzhizha nzizi dzinozadzwa nemvura, asi inotyisa zvikuru mavari. Uye munguva yechando, nzizi duku dzinopisa kusvika pasi. Nzizi dze tundra dzakanyanyisa. Mahombekombe haana kudzika, saka munguva yechando vanopisa kusvika pakadzika zvakakwana. Mvura zhinji yadzo inoshoma maminera.

Vegetation yechengetedzo

Kusiyana nechekumaodzanyemba kweYamal, kurema kwemvura yakawanda uye nekufambisa kwepeninsula kwave kunonoka kuGydan peninsula. Izvi zvakaita basa mukuchengetedza ivhu revhu-zvinomera mumamiriro ayo chaiwo. Nharaunda yezvitsuwa zveGungwa reKara uye kuchamhembe kwenzvimbo yeGydan peninsula inoshandiswa nevhu rakaoma uye variegated vegetation, inoumbwa nemasses, zvinokambaira shrubs, lichens uye uswa, izvo zvinosvibisa. Nharaunda yeiyo nzvimbo yakachengetedzeka yakazara mumatongo akaoma epakati penzvimbo iri munzvimbo dzakaderera pamvura yakasviba uye mafashamo emvura. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo apo makungwa akaoma, miriwo ine uswa hwakasvibirira uswa hunopararira.

Pamusoro pemamiriro ehupenyu hwemazana akawanda emakore, simba rakashandiswa nevanhu vemunharaunda - maNenets. Vakanga vafudza zvipfuwo, vatema miti nemasango, vakapisa moto kunyanya kuwedzera nzvimbo yekudyisa mhashu. Iye zvino kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakachengetwa yakawanda yakapararira. Mukati - alder, semuenzaniso wemumiriri we tundra subzone. Flora inosvika mazana maviri emarudzi emiti. Iyi nhamba inowirirana zvichienderana nenzvimbo.

Shiri nemhuka

Nyama dzekuchengetera iri duku. Zvisikwa zvekare zvakanyanya zvemazana makumi mashanu zvuru makumi mashanu chete zvekare. Bhuku rinonzi Red Data Book reRussian Federation rinowedzera neSiberian sturgeon uye White-legged Diver, Lesser White-fronted Goose uye Red-breasted Goose, gomba duku nechechi, chichena-tailed eagle uye white bear, walrus nekumusoro kwefin whale. Vose vari vagari vomunyika yacho.

Gydan peninsula, iyo nzvimbo yakachengetwa iripo, inozivikanwa nokuda kwekugadzira red-throated gasre, white-fronted goose, duck-marinari, eider-grouse, tundra partridge, scorpion-nyoka, Asian brown-winged plover nevamwe vakawanda. Pano, matendere adzo uye shiri dzezvipembenene - MaParconi aPeregrine uye Buzzards dzakashata.

Munzvimbo yakachengetwa pane mararamiro asina kuputika, majee emiti, zvikara: mhembwe dzakachena, uye muzhizha zvakare mavara, mhumhi, mahombekombe, mashizha. Pano pane mhuka yemusango uye mhashu, iyo inongova mushanyi kune idzi nzvimbo.

Vagari vemvura yebhaini

Mumvura inoshambidza reserve, sturgeon, Siberian lamprey, arctic char inomiririra salmon mbeu dzehove. Mvura yegungwa neyokumucheto yakawanda muSiberian grayling, elm, tugun, arctic omul, rylad nemamwe marudzi akawanda ehove.

Nzizi dzekuchengetedzwa dzakazadzwa nebhubhu, stickleback uye ruff. Munguva yakapfuura, mvura yegungwa kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakachengetwa yakanga yakazara nematanda uye zvisimbiso. Iye zvino murrus walrus nzvimbo inowanikwa munharaunda ye White Peninsula. Kubva kune whale-semarudzi pano pano anowanikwa mabhega, marwuls uye mapedza.

Gydansky anoisa

Nzvimbo yekutanga yekutarisira mabasa ndeyemakumi matanhatu emakore zana remakumi maviri. Kuongorora kwakaitwa kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwemhepo yekushandisa kushandisa nzira yemafungu anoratidza. Kuita basa rekutsvaga kwemvura kwakarongeka mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira. Mushure mokunge tsvakurudzo yakazara yezvose zvawanikwa, Gungwa reKamennomysskoe uye sarudzo yakadzika nezita rimwechete yakawanikwa.

Chikamu chinotevera mukugadzirwa kwemvura yakadzika munzvimbo dzegungwa - 1999. Zvose zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kutungamira kutsvaga kubvongodza kwezvitubu zvekutanga. Izvi zvakazadziswa mugore, sezvikonzero zvekuti mafashoni emagetsi ezvipimo akaiswa. Izvo gore iro rakaratidzwa nebasa rekusimudzira kwekugadzirira kwekuongorora mabomba munzvimbo yeChugoryakhinskaya uye Obskaya zvivako, uko muna 2002 Cenomanian gas deposits yakawanikwa panzvimbo idzi.

Kubva panguva iyoyo, basa rekugara riri kuitwa riri mumvura yepeninsula. Zvitsva zvitsva zveGydan peninsula zvinowanikwa pamapu uye hupfumi hwavo hunotanga. Pari zvino, vane mamiriyoni gumi emamiriyoni emamiriyoni, mabhiriyoni maviri emabhiriyoni emagetsi nemafuta emamiriyoni makumi mana emvura ye condensate.